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Here the female is showing she is in heat by raising her tail. While the bull continues to test her to see if she is ready to be bred by resting his chin on top of the females back to simulate being mounted. She continues to stand and not walk away while he is "feeling her out" so he proceeds to mount the female for breeding.

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Many cattlemen buy Gelbvieh bulls and cross them on Angus or Red Angus cows. Crossbreeding is proven to improve efficiencies and profit.

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Mating Behavior and Fertility Of Bulls Of Different Ages

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Mating Behavior and Fertility Of Bulls Of Different Ages

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Yearling bulls have the lowest overall pregnancy rate percentage while having the highest number of mounts, services, and females in estrus serviced; when compared to bulls of the age of 2 and 3+. Bulls 3+ maintain the highest overall pregnancy rate percentage after a five-day breeding period.

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Hereford bull showing Flehmen response or the curling back of his upper lip exposing the front teeth while holding the position for several seconds.

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A- Chemical or olfactory communication
B- Visual communication
C- Auditory communication
D- Tactile communication
E- Motor clues (Posture & Movement

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Social Dominance and Sexual Performance Effects

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Social Dominance and Sexual Performance Effects

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If one yearling bull is put out to pasture, there may be decreased early season conception rates. Social dominance in pastures with more than one bull can cause concern. If older bulls have been used more than two breeding seasons, they have a tendency to become territorial and may spend more time fighting and defending their territory than servicing cows. Observation is key when dealing with mating behavior of cattle. In situations where it is possible to rotate groups of young bulls with the cow herd, this should be utilized. As single yearling bulls should not run with cattle for longer than 70 days. Ideally a 60-90 day breeding season is best to ensure similar calf ages and weights at weaning. 1 in 5 beef bulls are questionable or unsatisfactory as a breeding bull.
(From pages 111-113)

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Observations On Group Mating Of Bulls At Pasture

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Observations On Group Mating Of Bulls At Pasture

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A rapid, accurate method of estimating the social dominance order (SDO) in a bull group was developed. It found that a bull's ranking in a group with a stable SDO was significantly related to its sexual activity but it was not in a group with an unstable SDO, and seniority, and to a lesser extent age, maintained the social ranking in mixed-age group of bulls. Mixed-age groups of bulls when mated to cow herds achieved lower pregnancy rates than groups of bulls of the same age.

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Observations on group mating of bulls at pasture

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This paper describes five experiments on the socio-sexual behaviour of beef bulls mated as a group to a herd of cows. A rapid, accurate method of esti...

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Traits associated with mating behavior are strongly influenced by genetic factors and vary widely among individuals. Visual cues are of greater importance when compared to olfactory cues in eliciting male sexual response. Bulls tend to distribute their services among receptive females within their genetic limitations with females newly in estrus being most attractive to the males. Social interactions among males in multi-sire groups can influence the reproductive performance of both individual males and the female herd. Single sire breeding, while potentially more efficient than multi-sire breeding, is dependent upon the reproductive capabilities of the sire.

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SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF LARGE DOMESTIC FARM ANIMALS: AN OVERVIEW

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SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF LARGE DOMESTIC FARM ANIMALS: AN OVERVIEW

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In two herds of less than 15 cows no mounting by cows occurred. In those herds sniffing of the vulva appeared to be the only method of heat detection that bulls used. When herds of 13-49 cows had no cows in heat, no mounting by cows was observed. On these days bulls sniffed the vulva of 95% of cows in the herds. On days when 1 or 2 cows were in heat a significantly smaller proportion of cows, 73% were inspected for heat in this way. In herds of 62-124 cows, bulls appeared to detect heat in cows by seeing mounting cows within the sexually active groups rather than sniffing of vulva.

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A Review Of Some Factors Affecting The Expression Of Libido In Beef Cattle, And Individual Bull And Herd Fertility

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A Review Of Some Factors Affecting The Expression Of Libido In Beef Cattle, And Individual Bull And Herd Fertility

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Male:Female ratios appear to have minor effects on libido and fertility. Multiple matings with the same or different bulls may reduce the duration of oestrus. Dominant bulls may achieve more matings at pasture, but this is not necessarily shown in their fertility. There is evidence of breed differences in expression of libido, but this appears to not be demonstrated in fertility. There is evidence that bulls and females prefer to mate with similar genotypes/phenotypes with implications for fertility.

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A review of some factors affecting the expression of libido in beef cattle, and individual bull and herd fertility

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This paper examines some of the factors that affect the expression of libido in beef cattle, focusing on the male and the free-ranging situation. The ...

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Bulls use olfactory and vision to detect which cows are sexually receptive. Cows in heat attract the attention of bulls by displaying such visual cues as mounting, being mounted or a posture involving arching of the back and elevation of the tail. Once bull is with cow, the bull sniffs the vulva to determine whether the cow in in heat.

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Sexual behaviour of bulls at pasture: A review