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Foreshadowing affects “The Outsiders” by making you think more about the story. It makes you want to continue reading and to think back on the chapter asking yourself what could happen next. It led you to believe their world was going to change and it make the exciting parts even more exciting. Foreshadowing was used to gear you up for the climaxes. The author used it to make you want to continue reading to make it a book that got you excited. Foreshadowing held tension at the end of each chapter. It was used to allude to the events happening next. At the end of chapter three Ponyboy foreshadows events to come, “Things gotta get better, I figured. They couldn’t get any worse. I was wrong. (Hinton 52)”.

An example of  integral setting in the story is the church. If the church wasn’t on fire, then Ponyboy and Johnny wouldn’t have jumped into the church to save the kids. If the kids weren’t in the church, then Johnny wouldn’t have gotten hurt and died. If Johnny hadn’t gotten hurt and died, then Dally wouldn’t have made the cops shoot him. Integral setting was used to affect the characters. This term is used to show how impactful the setting can be, and how where you are can affect your life. There are examples of the integral setting. “‘Oh glory!” he whispered. The church was on fire! (Hinton 92).” “Then I heard Johnny scream, and as I turned to go back for him, Dally swore at me and clubbed me across the back as hard as he could, and I went down into a peaceful darkness. (Hinton 93).” This shows how impactful the integral setting was to "The Outsiders".

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Soda is the peacemaker or mediator of the story. He tries to keep the family together and although he doesn’t like the Socs and enjoys fighting them, that’s just him being overprotective. Soda is always trying to bring the gang together, to make Ponyboy feel included because he’s the youngest, always inviting him to go out with him and the boys. He doesn’t like it when Ponyboy and Darry fight, he ran out of the house one night when he just couldn’t listen to them fight anymore. Soda had said, “I don’t know. It’s just… I can’t stand to hear y’all fight. Sometimes… I just have to get out or… it’s like I’m the middleman in a tug o’ war and I’m being split in half (Hinton 175)”. They chased him to the field and he asked them to stop fighting because he  couldn’t stand it. He’d always stand up to Darry when he was getting mad at Pony so that Darry would lay off. Soda is protective and wants the gang to stick together and would stick up for anyone in the gang.

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Darry is the foil archetype. He’s always questioning and challenging Ponyboy, and Pony has to take it. Darry hitting him lets us see Ponyboy’s inner feelings about Darry. Him fighting Pony brings out another side of Sodapop, a more vulnerable side that you didn’t get to see before. Darry working too much shows how much Soda cares for others because he massages his back every night, he also makes Soda show his concerned and protective side for his family. Darry shows the pressure put on Pony and how life changed his family.

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Ponyboy fits the reluctant hero archetype. He didn’t choose to be part of a murder. He wasn’t planning on actually running away and wouldn’t have if Johnny hadn’t killed Bob. He’s an ordinary greaser that has been thrust into a crime. He chooses to run away with Johnny because of loyalty to him. He didn’t plan on becoming a hero, he just did what he thought was the right thing to do. An example of that would be when he saved those kids from the burning church. A parent from the book) had said, “they would all have burned to death if it hadn’t been for us. (Hinton 107)”. He didn’t plan on doing that but he felt he had to because it may have been his fault in the first place and no one else was going to save those kids. He has to help Johnny, otherwise he could be sent to court as well. He rises to become a hero eventually but didn’t choose to go through those circumstances, it wasn’t what he planned on or wanted to do.

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Johnny is the victim. At his home, he gets beat up by his drunk father almost every time. Ponyboy had said, “I had seen Johnny take a whipping with a two-by-four from his old man… (Hinton 33)”. He is beaten so often, and gets so scared, he is almost always spooked. After he got jumped by the socs, Johnny was even scared of his own shadow! He almost always had fear in his large dark eyes. Even his mother, who is supposed to be loving, doesn’t care about him. All she cares about is how much he is costing her. She has no love for him, and she only visited him in the hospital to look like a good mother.

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Bob is the villain. He is a soc, and his friends are socs, and he is totally against Ponyboy and his friends. Bob is against anyone who is not like him. Bob doesn’t like greasers or hoods. Ponyboy had heard, “... a lot of Socs are just cold-blooded mean…”. When Ponyboy saw Bob, he saw a horrible person who beat up his best friend. Bob had also tried to beat up Johnny again, while his friend was trying to drown Ponyboy. Who would want to be friends with a guy who intentionally tried to kill someone? A terrible person, that’s who. Bob doesn’t really show any positive emotions. He gets drunk often, and that is horrible.

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Dally is the town bully. In the book it says, “Dally had spent three years on the wild side of New York and had been arrested at the age of ten, (Hinton 10)”. That had made him hard and mean. He doesn’t care about his parents. Dally has jumped a lot of people, even kids. Dally is bossy, and no one stands up to him, because they know that they would get beat up if they do. Ponyboy had said, “You just didn’t tell Dally Winston what to do, (Hinton 24)”. He puts fear into people’s heart so no one would be able to muster up the courage to stand up to him and put him in his place. He is the biggest and toughest of the whole gang. He often doesn’t show compassion.

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Sodapop is a jackal. He’s protective and wouldn’t ever let his pack down. He’s willing to take up a fight but is ultimately loyal to those surrounding him. He only responds to the calls from his family. He is a sneaky predator and his jackal pack is tight-knit and cooperative. He adapts easily to the changes happening in his environment. He is very cunning and resourceful. His pack uses numbers to fight off predators and Soda can usually be found with other small groups of jackals. Soda is very territorial and has no hesitation when he has to defend his territory. Sodapop is extremely protective of his young and spares no hesitation to fight off bigger predators, despite having a small size. Darry had said, “You got a concussion from getting kicked in the head- Soda saw it. He landed all over that Soc. I’ve never seen him so mad, (Hinton 157)”. Rarely will he ever fight with those of his same species.

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Soda is low in openness to experience. He is practical, traditional, and conventional. Soda is most comfortable in his neighborhood. He would most likely to be politically conservative, and he likes to spend his free time playing sports and watching movies. Soda finds no interest in art. He is not good at exercising self-discipline and control in order to pursue their goals. In "The Outsiders" he couldn’t concentrate in school and couldn’t keep up with his studies. Soda ended up dropping out for lack of self-discipline and pursuing goals.Soda is also impulsive, disorganized, spontaneous, and carefree. He doesn’t clean his room, so it’s a mess. He is more likely to develop addictions, and has a disorganized home. He’s more flexible, and does well in unpredictable situations. Soda’s  interactive and social with others. He’s highly motivated to experience all that life has to offer. He likes friendship, admiration, power, status, excitement, and romance. Soda’s friendly, adventurous, enthusiastic, and ambitious. He has many friends, an active social life, and a  romantic relationship with Sandy. Ponyboy had asked him, “‘You in love with Sandy? What’s it like?”, “Hmmm.” He sighed happily. It’s real nice.’ (Hinton 18)”. Soda’s energetic and positive. He works hard, and is highly agreeable. Soda is kind, sensitive, compassionate, and cooperative, and understanding. Ponyboy had said, “And he understands everybody, (Hinton 8)” to describe Soda. He keeps friends and is less likely to fall out with people than others. He views people kindly and is forgiving of faults or slights. Soda doesn’t often experience negative emotions (like fear, sadness, anxiety, guilt, or shame). He is carefree, optimistic, relaxed, self-confident, and calm. Soda would not likely get divorced or suffer from a mental illness. He handles stress well and take unfortunate events in stride. He has solid self-esteem and a positive outlook on life.

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One of Soda's flaws is that he craves adventure which can sometimes distract him from the world around him. He’s also very selfless and would put his life on the line to save anyone in the gang. That doesn’t have to be seen as a flaw but being too selfless can also put others lives in danger because he’s so willing to give up anything that he doesn’t think practically. Sodapop also isn’t very smart, he’s a high school dropout and couldn’t keep up with his studies. He has a very short attention span when he doesn’t care about something. For example, the last time he went to church, he couldn't even pay attention to the sermon. Being a high school dropout makes it harder for him to get a high paying job, “Ha and Soda worked at the same gas station-Steve part time and Soda full time-... (Hinton 9)”.  He may have missed his one chance at getting a good college education. The reason he’s a dropout is because he had to support the family. He has a short attention span sometimes because he only wants to know the important things in life. He also brings himself down sometimes, “‘How come you dropped out?” I never have gotten over that. I could hardly stand it when he left school. “`Cause I’m dumb. The only things I was passing anyway were auto mechanics and gym.’ (Hinton 17)”. He doesn’t want to waste his life. His selflessness probably comes from the want to protect his family and this may get the best of him and inhibit his ability to make practical decisions.

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Sodapop desires love and a life full of adventure and thrill. He wishes to have a family of his own one day. He’ll want to protect them but Soda loves adventure and thrills. I know this because he loved Sandy and wanted to marry her at only 16 years old. Soda had said, “I think I’m gonna marry Sandy. (Hinton 17)”. But Sandy’s parents didn’t want their daughter to marry a young greaser. Steve had stated, “It was either that or get married, and her parents almost hit the roof at the idea of her marryin’ a sixteen-year-old-kid." (Hinton 111)”. He was heartbroken. When Ponyboy asked what love felt like Soda told him that it felt real nice. Ponyboy was asking all the boys why they fight. He figured that Sodapop liked to fight for the thrill and just for fun. So in the future Soda would probably need some adventure or thrilling activity to keep himself busy. Soda wants to get away from being a greaser because that’s the only way Sandy could ever marry him. He desires to find true love and to have enough in life. Being a greaser he usually has less than he needs and he wants to be able to support his brothers. He massages Darry’s back every night and works for the family, he wants all of them to have a nicer life.

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The character’s motivation usually comes from a place of family. For example when he storms out of the house after Ponyboy and Darry got into a fight. He hated to see them fight and wanted everyone to get along. This is Soda after running out of the house, “Tears welled up in his eyes. "We’re all we’ve got left. We ought to be able to stick together against everything. If we don’t have each other, we don’t have anything…’ (Hinton 176)”. He didn’t want them to fight all the time and would rather have them solve their problems rather than fight about them. Sodapop wants the best for everyone and does his best to make sure everyone gets along. Early in the book Ponyboy describes him as follows “He gets  drunk on just plain living. And he understands everybody. (Hinton 8)”. He also works full time at the gas station to support the family as best he can. Another of his motives is to stay loyal and to support the gang. He’s always sticking up for the gang and making sure everyone is getting along. He wants everyone to feel welcomed and doesn’t let the Socs get the best of him. He’s loyal to his family. Soda stick up for Ponyboy when Darry is being mean and yelling at him. He’s willing to give up his safety to help Ponyboy. He’d rather take the brunt of the battle rather than see Ponyboy get beaten up.

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By Mary TerMaat and Annie Floeder