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Flexiblity- The gymnast needs flexibility when on the balance beam. Flexibility is the range of movement at a joint. This is needed in gymnastics as it is required to perform certain skills. In the image below the gymnastics is showing flexiblity as the gymnast is showing a wide range of movement.

Balance- Balance is also needed in gymnastics. Balance is the ability to maintain the center of mass over the base of support. This is needed in gymnastics, especially when on the balance beam in order to stay central and stay in the required position.

Muscular Strength- Muscular strength in needed in gymnastics. Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can exert againt a resistance. In order for the gymnast to hold their body above the beam for periods at a time the gymnast needs to have high levels of muscular endurance especially in their arms.

Flexibility Training- There are three types of felxibility training, static stretching, balistic stretching and PNF. Static stretching is where is stretch your muscals alone ( active stretching ) or when a person, object or wall applies force to the muscals ( assisted stretching ). This is less risky and can be done alone but it does not replicate sporting movements. Ballistic stetching is fast, jerky movementsand it replicates sporting movements. but it can cause muscles to tighten. The last type of flexibility training is PNF this develops strength, flexiblity and movement.

Principles of Training

Specificity- to make the training specfic to the gymnast, they must focus on the right type of training. E.g focus on muscular strength and flexiblity.

Progressive overload- Training should slowly increase to constantly challenge the gymnast and increase the intensity. This will make their ability to perform easier as their muscles and body will adapt. E.g increased flexiblity.

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◙ Speed - Usain bolt need to use speed to be able to out run his opponent. Usain bolt uses speed when he is running at his maximum speed possible. In 2009 this was shown because he set a world record for 100m in 9.58 seconds!

◙ Muscular Strength - Bolt has to use  muscular strength because he is needing to run at his fastest possible so he can pump his arms quicker at the beginning and then he is able to take longer strides once he is up to speed.

◙ Speed - the definition of speed is the rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate. Distance divided by time taken is how you work it out. Its measured in M/S.

◙ Muscular Strength - the ability to exert a maximal amount of force for short amount of time.

If you put both of these components together you can create power. (strength * speed).

◙ Speed training is the method Usain Bolt would use. Speed Training is  when you use Hollow Sprints, Acceleration Sprints or Interval Training.
Hollow Sprints is when you are walking then jogging then walking then sprint for 80 m each.
Acceleration sprints is when you are accelerating over a small distance such as 15m.
Interval training is when you train in intervals, e.g. when you have a good amount of activity during an exercise and then resting for a longer period of time after you have worked.
◙ The principle of training needed to improve the ability of Usain would be Intensity because if you increase the intensity the better your muscle will adapt.

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Usain Bolt 9.58 100m New World Record Berlin [HQ]

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An athlete such as David Degea would need reaction time so he is able to react to the stimulus which in this case is the football when it is struck by opponent. David Degea would use the Batak pro reaction test to improve his reaction time, this is where lights flash on a wall and you have react to them and hit them .

David Degea would also need

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Reaction Time- Reaction time is the time taken to react to a stimulus. For a goalkeeper it is needed for when a shot is taken from close range so the goalkeeper can react in time to save the ball stopping his team from conceding.

Flexibility- Flexibility is adequate range of motion in all joints of the body and the ability to move a joint fluidly through its complete range of movement. It is needed so when a longer range shot is taken the goalkeeper can stretch his body to reach the ball using a full range of movement stopping his team from conceding.

Agility- Agility is the ability to quickly and precisely change direction without losing balance or time. It is needed so if the goalkeeper is outpaced when off of his line he can turn quickly enough to get back on his line so it is easier to save a shot stopping his team conceding.

Flexibilty Training - The method of training that would be suitible is flexiblity training more specificly ballistic. Ballistic flexibility training would be the best option as it replicates ingame dives and stretches that could occur.

Principles of Training

Specificity - Training could be made specific to a goalkeeper by putting him in goal having to save multiple shots and deifferent varied one on one drills.

Progressive overload - Training could contain progressive overload by overtime working the goalkeeper at a higher intensity by taking shots at a higher frequency.

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Incredible saves by Buffon, Courtois, Keylor Navas, De Gea... - Footbie.com

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reaction time-when you are on the start line and the gate drops. This is also useful so that you get a good start so that you can get a head start and get a better chance to win the race. reaction time is the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement. reaction time can be improved by doing the hand ball toss on a wall

muscular endurance-you need muscular endurance because you have to keep up the bike sometimes for long periods of time which means your muscles need to work for a long time.muscular endurance is the ability of the muscular system to work efficiently, in which a muscle will repeatedly contract against a light to moderate fixed resistance load.this can be improved by doing circuit training.

muscular strength-you need muscular strength in motocross for doing whips because you have to lift your bike and your body to the side. muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance. muscular strength can be improved by doing free weights .things like bar bells and dumbbells can improve muscular strength if you do high weights with low reps and high sets to improve strength you do about 5-8 reps with 80 -90% of your 1 rep max.you can progressively overload by using the FITT principle which is frequency, intensity, time and type.  so for weights you can increase the weight to increase the intensity. you can do the training more times in a week for example do another workout every week so go from 3-4 a week. you can also do the training for longer periods like going from 1 hour  30 mins a workout to 2 hour workout.

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Once a year, for six days, the population of a small island in the Irish Sea doubles as motorcycle enthusiasts from around the globe flock to the racing mecca.

The Isle of Man Tourist Trophy is perhaps the most dangerous race on earth, with 242 deaths in its 107 years of existence. The TT, as it is commonly known, is the oldest race in motorcycle history, uniting high-octane adrenaline junkies with fun loving drunken bikers.

With six different events to boast of, the Manx TT races paralyze the island, as the event closes down these country roads so bikers can zoom, curve and dip through a 37.5 mile long loop at a frightening 130 mph average speed-that's one lap in less than 18 minutes. All the kids on the island are given time off and the local economy thrives, making a large part of its earnings for the year. For those few days in spring, the incessant roar of motorcycle engines spewing high-pitched noise can be heard across the island as racers rev up for the main event.

In addition to traditional motorcycle racing, the event includes categories for electric motorcycles, sidecar racing, and various engine-sized motorbikes that see racers compete for top rank, risking life and limb in the process. Over the course of this year's races, two men tragically lost their lives in crashes, as did one tourist riding his bike and a field marshal hired to clear the track before racing begins.

Conor Cummins, a seasoned rider describes the event as "the best race on the planet"-this despite a devastating crash in 2010 that shattered his arm, broke his back, dislocated his knee, bruised his lung and fractured his pelvis. Cummins, a native to the Isle of Man, was back on his bike 8 months later and somehow managed to compete in the following year's Senior TT. "That was then and this is now," says Cummins on the eve of the 2014 race "and it's taken a lot to get back from to be honest, it took a lot of strength... And hopefully I'll start seeing the fruits of my labors."

On race day, Cummins, the soft spoken Manx rider tore through six laps and 226.38 miles as he competed with the heir to the Dunlop family name, Michael Dunlop. Despite a neck-and-neck race, Cummins came in second and was cheered as a victor by the local population, proving his worth to his Honda-sponsored team in the process.

As the list of deceased racers continues to grow, some wonder how much longer this race can go on.

"No one is forcing anyone to do this race... there's not one man in that paddock that signed up because they have to" says Cummins. "iI's because they want to."

Die hard fans stand in the way of anyone who objects to the danger of the event, as one fan gleefully explained. When asked what he would do if they tried to cancel the Isle of Man TT, he responded simply: "Over my dead body."

A little over a month after the TT ended, Conor crashed again at the Southern 100 on the Isle of Man, suffering a broken left forearm ."Had a bit of a shunt yesterday and got ran into by another bike," he said. "I will be back better and stronger in no time all being well. Game on!"

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the isle of men the world’s deadliest race

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Once a year, for six days, the population of a small island in the Irish Sea doubles as motorcycle enthusiasts from around the globe flock to the racing mecca. The Isle of Man Tourist Trophy is perhaps the most dangerous race on earth, with 242 deaths in its 107 years of existence.

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Mo Farrah-The main component of fitness for a long distance runner is aerobic endurance so that you can last the whole  or 5000m or a marathon without rest. an example of this would be a marathon. A specific training you could use is continuous training. continuous training is then you train at a steady pace and example of this is running.
speed- The distance divided by time taken is measured in m/s. speed would be suitabe towards the end of the race so he can power infront of his opponets. a specific training you could use is interval training this is when a sportsmen is working at a high intensity for a period of time and this is folowed up by rest periods and example of this would be 100m sprint.