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nonmetallic
dark gray
gray streak
clevage
harder than glass

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metallic
orange/red/brown
no streak
fracture
harder than everything

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nonmetallic
clear
no streak
clevage
softer than 2.5

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nonmetallic
light burgundy
red/brown streak
fracture
softer than 2.5

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nonmetallic
grey/purple
no streak
fracture
harder than everything (7)

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metalic
grey/silver
grey streak
cleavage
softer than 2.5

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Metalic
grey
grey streak
cleavage
harder than 2.5 softer than 3.5

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Non-metalic,
clearish
white streak
cleavage (rhombohedral)
harder than 2.5

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non-metalic
clear
no streak
clevage in 90 degree breaks
hardness between 2.5 and 3.5

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Non-metalic,
white/tan
Streak: white/none
cleavage
less than 2.5 hardness

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extrusive, aphanitic, andesitic

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Extrusive, apathetic, felsic

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extrusive. aphanitic, mafic

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Intrusive, phaneritic, mafic

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Extrusive, vesicular, mafic

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Intrusive, phaneritic, Felsic

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Extrusive, glassy, felsic

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combonation of basaltic and granitic rocks. Many volcanos around the pacific ocean produce andesitic lava.

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dense, dark colored. High iron and magnesium, low silica.

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low density, light colors (except for obsidian), high silica, low iron and magnesium, lots of silica makes the rock stiff

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small (fine) mineral grains

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large, coarse mineral grains visible to the bare eye

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glassy

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Extrusive, vesicular, felsic

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Pumice is a type of extrusive volcanic rock, produced when lava with a very high content of water and gases is discharged from a volcano. As the gas bubbles escape, the lava becomes frothy. When this lava cools and hardens, the result is a very light rock material filled with tiny bubbles of gas. Commonly it is light-colored, indicating that it is a volcanic rock high in silica content and low in iron and magnesium, a type usually classed as rhyolite.

Description

Pumice is a type of extrusive volcanic rock, produced when lava with a very high content of water and gases is discharged from a volcano. As the gas bubbles escape, the lava becomes frothy. When this lava cools and hardens, the result is a very light rock material filled with tiny bubbles of gas. Commonly it is light-colored, indicating that it is a volcanic rock high in silica content and low in iron and magnesium, a type usually classed as rhyolite.

Relation to Mining

Pumice is mined through open pit and quarrying methods. Extraction and processing methods vary, depending on the end use. It can be cut into blocks or crushed.

Uses

Pumice is used to make lightweight construction materials such as concrete block and concrete.

The remainder of the pumice mined is used in abrasives (for personal care, industrial cleaners, rubber erasers, stonewashing jeans, etc.) absorbents (potting soil, pet litter, etc.), and architecture (insulation, roofing, landscaping, etc.)

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Pumice is a type of extrusive volcanic rock, produced when lava with a very high content of water and gases is discharged from a volcano. As the gas bubbles escape, the lava becomes frothy. When this lava cools and hardens, the result is a very light rock material filled with tiny bubbles of gas.

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gas pockets

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Formed by crystallization
two types: intrusive (formed inside of the earth)  and extrusive (formed on the earths surface)
Textures: Vesicular, glassy, aphanitic, phaneritic,
Compositions: mafic/ basaltic, andesitic, felsic/granitic
Rock features: Batholith, Dike, Sill, Pluton, Laccolith

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Formed inside of the earth

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Formed at the earths surface