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Out of the 4 themes studied in this unit, which one do you think is the most important. Answer should be in paragraph form (1-2) and be sure to include evidence from the text. 

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Out of the 4 themes studied in this unit, which one do you think is the most important. Answer should be in paragraph form (1-2) and be sure to include evidence from the text. 

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Out of the four themes we studied in this unit, I think that Pleasure and Pain is the most important in the Giver. The other themes work well too, I just think that there is more pain that gets replaced with pleasure in the book.  At the end of the book, Pleasure and Pain is brought up. "But he began, suddenly, to feel happy. He began to re-call happy times. He remembered his parents and his sister.He remembered his friends, Asher and Fiona. He remembered The Giver." That is a quote from the book when Jonas reached the summit of the hill after his long battle over it. I guess you can use that same piece of evidence for importance of memory, but I think that it works for Pleasure and Pain because after the pain of starvation and cold Jonas went through, he felt pleasure once he reached the top of the hill. From then on, it would be much easier to travel because they had the sled, and because it was no longer an uphill battle.

More pieces from the book prove that Pleasure and Pain is the most important theme. Another example is when Jonas put up with the terrible memories of warfare and hunger, but then he was able to see all the colours and have all the memories, the bad and the good. When the elder was assigning assignments to all the new twelves, Jonas got skipped over. He felt terrified and scared, but then he ended up loving the Giver and having all the memories. There are a lot more pieces of evidence in the book, like when Jonas would receive all the bad memories, but then the Giver would end off his training with pleasant memories. This is why I think that Pleasure and Pain is the most important theme in the Giver!

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Events/Facts
- Jonas felt that Elsewhere was near
- He didn't have hope that they would reach it
-Gabe had become weak and cold
-Snow blocked the bike from moving down a hill
-Jonas keeps remembering and giving the memory of sunshine and warmth so that he and Gabe can stay warm
- JOnas and Gabe tried to get up the steep hill
-Jonas is really wek
-Jonas only has a bit of the memory of warmth with him, and he's giving it to Gabe as he remembers it
-When Jonas got to the summit of the hill, he felt happy
-He remembered all the happy memories he had.
-The hill was level again
-Jonas felt that something would be waiting for him
-HE found a sled, and he used it
-Jonas felt that he was starting to lose consciousness
-JOnas started to see lights, blue, red, and yellow
-He saw them through windows and on trees
-Jonas made it, and he heard singing

Questions
-Do the elders know about what is in Elsewhere
A: No answer
-Why did the communities split apart and have different rules
A: No answer

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Events/Facts
-The landscape was changing and it became harder for Jonas to ride
-Jonas fell one night
-Gaberiel was uninjured
- Jonas was injured all over, and he had twisted his ankle
-They saw their first waterfall
-They saw their first wildlife
-Gabriel called out plane, but it was just a bird, something they had not seen before in real life at least
-He saw some more animals
-It was almost impossible for them to find food
-Jonas fears that they will starve
-Jonas and Gabe ate raw fish
-Jonas thinks that leaving was the wrong choice
-But then he realizes it was the right choice
-Jonas and Gabe are weak
-Jonas worries for Gabe, and he does not care for himself
Questions
-Does Jonas not know how to start a fire to cook
A: No answer
-Will Jonas and Gabe find a new community
A: Yes

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Events/Facts
-Jonas's father was going to release Gabe
-Jonas is furious
-Jonas starts to leave the community
-Jonas took Gabe with him
-Before they left, Jonas transmitted a soothing memory of a hammock to Gabe so he can sleep.
-Jonas transmitted a memory of exhaustion so he and Gabe can sleep
-Jonas and Gabe slept during the day
-When search planes flew over them, Jonas would transmit memories of snow to Gabriel so that the heat radar doesnt find them
-Finally the search planes didnt come at all

Questions
- So Jonas doesn't have much of the memories because he left them back at the community?
A: Yes
-What will happen to the Giver
A: He will stay at the community to help them with the memories

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Events/Facts
-Jonas was sobbing and yelling that he wont go home as he pounded the bed
-The Giver lets Jonas stay with him that night
-The Giver said he would let him because no one should hear him cry
-Jonas says that no one heard the baby, and the other released cry, and only his father did
-Jonas mocks the speaker
-Saying that no one cares that they kill anyone
-Jonas asks if the Giver lies to him
-The Giver said he doesnt
-Jonas feels sorry to the Giver because he was being so hateful towards him
-The Giver thinks things should change too
-Jonas brought hope for the Giver two hours before that conversation
-Jonas is making a plan with the giver to escape the community, and go Elsewhere.
-Their plan is to release the memories to the people of the community
-There is no one else to take up the role of receiver so their plan should work
-The Giver no longer sees colour
-For the Giver, he was able to hear beyond
-He heard music
-Their plan was explained
-Jonas really wants the Giver to come with him
-It's revealed that Rosemary was the Giver's daughter

Questions
-Does the community not even have music?
A: No
-How will Jonas's family feel after he escapes
A: No awnser

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Events/Facts
-Jonas would like to watch his father preform a release ceremony
-The Giver explains how he can in the future
-The Giver tells Jonas how all of the ceremonies are recorded
-Jonas wants to see them.
He wants to attend one someday
-Jonas starts watching the release on the tv in the Annex
-Jonas's father calls the released newborn a shrimp because he weighs less
-In the ceremony, Jonas's father fills a syringe with a liquid
-His father sticks the syringe in the forehead, because the veins in his arms are too small
-The syringe made the twin go limp and motionless
-Jonas realizes that, or he thinks that release is killing the person who is being released
-He saw his father put the seemingly dead baby into a box and then into a chute
-Jonas wanted to cryat the horrifying sight

Questions
-Why do they kill the people being released
A: No answer
-Where do the bodies go
A: Down a garbage chute

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Events/Facts
-Jonas asks the Giver if he thinks about release
-The Elders made the rule that the receiver can't request release after the incident ten years ago
-Jonas learns about what happened to the old receiver
-Her name was Rosemary
-The Giver gave Rosemary the memory of loneliness and loss
-Rosemary asked for release after experiencing terrible memories
-

Questions
-Will Jonas or the Giver ever meet Rosemary again
A: No, she is dead
-Why was the Giver's eyes very troubled
A: He was feeling the pain of the memories

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Events/Facts
-An unscheduled holiday happened
- Substitute laborers take over all the important jobs for that day
- Jonas hadnt been taking the stirring pills for 4 weeks
-He is experiencing the pleasurable dreams again
-Now that he is so happy, he is able to see all the colours non-stop
-Jonas thought about precision of speech, and how now there is a new depth of feelings that he knows.
-He makes the example of when Lily made a fist representing anger, but her feelings were actually impatience and   exasperation
-Jonas feels overwhelmed because of Fiona
-A game all the children were playing reminded him of war
-It's been about a year of Jonas being the Reciever
-His father calls Jonas Jonas Bonus

Questions
-What if Lily's theorie is actually correct?
A: No answer
-Will Gabe be released because he seems fine now?
A: HE was going to be released, but Jonas saved him

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Events/Facts
-After that memory Jonas wanted nothing to do with being the receiver
-He didnt want the courage
-He didnt want the wisdom
-Didnt want the honor
-Didnt want the memories
-Didnt want the pain
-He went to the Annex anyway
-The Giver reminded Jonas that there are many happy memories
-Jonas experienced the memory of a birthday
-In a memory Jonas rode a horse
-He felt a bond between humans and animals
-He felt the memory of Christmas even though he didnt know that it was called that
-Its the Givers favorite memory
-He learns about Grandparents
-Jonas liked the feeling of love
-Jonas asked his parents if they loved him and they thought it was innapropriate because of presision of language
-Jonas lied to his parents for the first time
-Jonas gives Gabe memories every night
-Jonas threw out his stirring pills

Questions
-Why does Jonas give Gabe memories, is that how he sleeps?
A: To help him sleep
-Why did Jonas throw out his stirring pills?
A: To feel more feelings

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Events/Facts
-When Jonas walked into the Annex room, the Giver had his face in his hands
-Jonas thought that he would be sent away
-Instead he asked if he could help, and the Giver asked him to take some painful memories
-When Jonas entered the memory, there was a boy around the same age as him, asking for water.
-Every time the boy spoke, blood came out of his mouth
-Jonas was in pain
-The ground was covered in blood
-People screaming for water everywhere
-Wounded men everywhere
-Jonas perceived that it was warfare

Questions
-Why did the giver give Jonas one of the worst memories and feelings
-Where did this memory take place

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What is a Theme
-What the author is trying to say about people, society, etc
-Not to be confused with a theme topic like love, war, family.

Topic - Self - Discovery
-People must be able to make choices to reach their own destiny / fulfilment

Topic:  The Importance of Memory
-Lowry's personal inspiration - father with memory loss
-Without memory, human beings cannot reach true happiness or learn from their mistakes

Topic: Pleasure and Pain
-Without pain, people cannot understand pleasure. We must embrace and learn from pain

Topic: Blind Obedience
-It is important for people to question their society instead of following blindly.

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Events/Facts
-Jonas experienced a painful memory
-He fell of his sled in the mountains and broke his leg
-He perceived the word fire
-Jonas realized that the community doesnt know pain like he does
-Every day after the pain of the training, the Giver ends on a good note
-Jonas felt hunger
-The memory of hunger is the reason family units only have two kids
-The elders were gonna shoot down the pilot
-The Giver stopped them
-Jonas is angry about how a certain person gets to hold the memories
-Gabriel is getting better
-Jonas gives Gabe a memory

Questions
-Why would the elders release a twin instead of putting him in to different families
-Is Gabriel going to be the next receiver after Jonas

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Events/Facts
-Jonas and the Giver talk about if people weren't part of the Sameness
-Jonas is scared of the thought of no Sameness
-Jonas starts to see more colours.
-Jonas gains the memory of people killing an elephant
-Jonas remembers when the Giver told him people used to have different colours of flesh
-In the memory of war, Jonas sees two men with darker skin
-Jonas saw them hack out the elephants tusks
-Red blood went everywhere
-JOnas learns about what happened to the previous receiver
-The Giver explained that when she failed, the memories she had received went somewhere, and not to him.
-Then people had access to the memories
-Sometimes Jonas doesn't receive training because the Giver is in pain
-Jonas is going to receive painful memories

Questions
-Why did people go into Sameness?
-Why did the previous receiver fail?

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Events/Facts
-After Jonas and Fiona had stopped talking, and Fiona left, Jonas saw her change just like the apple
-Jonas asks the Giver what that is
-The Giver explains that what Jonas saw is the capacity to see beyond
-The Giver explains to Jonas what the capacity to see beyond is
-Jonas starts to see the colour red

Questions
-Why is the colour red the first Jonas starts seeing?
-How did the Giver see beyond

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Events/Facts
-Jonas asked his teacher (the previous receiver) who he was, and he is called the giver
-Jonas receives the memory of snow, and sleds
-Jonas receives the memory of sunshine
-Jonas receives the memory of sunburn
-Even thought the sunburn hurt, he was glad that the Giver had given it to him
-Jonas is ready for the pain

Questions
-How does the community control the weather?
-How long ago was it that the community didn't control the weather?

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-Is everyone colour blind?
-Is that what Jonas meant by the apple changed?

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Events/Facts
-Jonas's trainer is impatient
-The doors to the Annex are locked
-No other doors in the community are locked
-His dwelling in the Annex is much different
-It has thousands of books
-Jonas only knows of a couple books
-The failed selection of the next Receiver was ten years ago
-The receiver transmits memories to jonas

Questions
-Why are the doors in the community never locked?
-Why does the Reciever turn the speaker off

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Events/Facts
-Jonas reads all the new things that will happen to him from being the receiver
-He is exempted from rudeness
-He can lie
-He can ask any question
-He is shocked by how tight his schedual is
-He has to go to school and then straight to training
-Jonas has the thought of everyone lying

Questions
-Why is Jonas prohibited from dream-telling?
-Why is the Receiver of Memory given the right to lie and be exempted from rudeness?

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Events/Facts
-A kid Caleb died by drowning
-Jonas ws petrified after he thought that the chief elder skipped over him
-Everyone else was also confused
-Jonas felt humiliated and terrified
-The chief elder said "Jonas was not assigned, he was selected"
-Everybody was confused about being selected
-Jonas is the next receiver of memory
-That selection is very rare
-Everyone was in awe
-The receiver is the most important job in the community
-The chief elder and the receiver say that Jonas has the ability: The capacity to see beyond
-The thing that happened with the apple happened again, but to the people
-It disappearedd

Questions
-What does the chief elder mean by they failed in their last selecion of the receiver of memory?
A:The last reciever died
-What is the capacity to see beyond?
A: To see things others can't

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Definition
-How the author reveals information
-From the perspective of the narrator

First Person
-Perspective of one character
-Look-fors-I,me,mine,myself
-Advantages- Inner thoughts of character
-Disadvantages-???

Third Person - Limited
-Narrator can "see" many characters but not everything
-Look-fors-he,she,they,them
-Advantages - Can still create suspense
-Disadvantages -- ???

Third Person - Omniscient
-Narrator knows all
-Look-Fors - he, she, they,  them, etc
-Advantages -  Creates full picture for reader
-Disadvantages - ????

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Events/Facts
-When children are born, they are given a number to go by
-These numbers are rarely used after naming
-Jonas is 19, he was the 19th newborn his year
-Asher is 4
-Fiona is 18
-Jonas doesnt like Pierre
-The "Chief Elder" is elected every 10 years
-They whip the kids if they act bad

Questions
-Why do the elders give kids numbers to go by, instead of names at the very beginning?
A:No Answer

-Why did the chief elder skip over him when she was assigning assignments to all of the soon to be twelves?
A: He was selected

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Events/Facts
-Nobody knows what happens to people after they are released
- Packaged Food
-Adults had to wait months or even years for a spouse
-All of the factors like intelligence have to be corresponding with your spouse

Questions
-After an old or anyone is released or die, do the new babies get named after them? Is there only certain names that are in the community?
A: No answer
-Why did adults have to apply for a spouse, and why did they have to wait so long? Is there no love in the community?
A: NO love

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A postal worker called Child Protective Services on Wednesday after she found two Splendora, Texas, children living in an abandoned...

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Events/Facts
-Family units also have to share their dreams along with their feelings
-The feeling "Stirrings" needs treament, and everyone needs it
-The treatment is pills
- Almost everyone takes pills
-You are required to take pills until you enter the house of old
-Jonas felt the feeling when he had a dream about him and Fiona

Questions
- Why are there weird rules, and actions that family units must do like: tell feelings, and tell their dreams
A: So everyone doesn't have choices and so they can go into sameness
- Is the feeling "Stirrings" love? Why do the elders not want anyone to have that feeling?
A: Yes it is love

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Events/Facts
-Minor rules like: Bragging, Rudeness. These are punishable
-The release of Roberto and Edna (old)
-Kids don't come to release ceremonies
-Jonas normally does his volunteer without Asher
-Jonas likes to go to different places for his volunteer hours

Questions
-Why aren't the children allowed to go to the release room and the release ceremonies? Is there not enough space, or some other reason?
A: NO awnser
-Why didn't Edna the old, not have a family unit? How did she survive?
A: NO answer

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We are primed to see faces in every corner of the visual world.

It's not often that you look at your meal to find it staring back at you. But when Diane Duyser picked up her cheese toastie, she was in for a shock. "I went to take a bite out of it, and then I saw this lady looking back at me," she told the Chicago Tribune. "It scared me at first."

As word got around, it soon began to spark more attention, and eventually a casino paid Duyser $28,000 to exhibit the toasted sandwich. For many, the woman's soft, full features and serene expression recalls famous depictions of the Virgin Mary. But I've always thought the curled hair, parted lips and heavy eyelids evoke a more modern idol.

Whichever Madonna you think you can see, she joins good company; Jesus has also been seen in toast, as well as a taco, a pancake and a banana peel, while Buzzfeed recently ran photos of peppers that look like British politicians.

"If someone reports seeing Jesus in a piece of toast, you'd think they must be nuts," says Kang Lee, at the University of Toronto, Canada. "But it's very pervasive... We are primed to see faces in every corner of the visual world." Lee has shown that rather than being a result of divine intervention, these experiences reflect the powerful influence of our imagination over our perception. Indeed, his explanation may mean that you never trust your eyes again.

Pareidolia, as this experience is known, is by no means a recent phenomenon. Leonardo da Vinci described seeing characters in natural markings on stone walls, which he believed could help inspire his artworks. In the 1950s, the Bank of Canada had to withdraw a series of banknotes because a grinning devil leapt from the random curls of the Queen's hair (although I can't, for the life of me, see the merest hint of a horn in Her Majesty's locks). The Viking I spacecraft, meanwhile, appeared to photograph a carved face in the rocky landscape of Mars.

Today, it is now much easier to share our sightings with the help of social media. Just search for the hashtag #iseefaces. You can meet this wise little man sitting in a tree ...

...a bin greeting you with a cheery hello

... some angry pretzels

...and a kettle channelling Hannibal Lecter.

Perhaps the creepiest case was reported by urologist Gregory Roberts in Kingston, Canada. Can you imagine his patient's shock when an ultrasound scan revealed this gawping moon-face trapped inside the man's testicles?

Indeed, once you start seeing these faces peering back at you, they start to appear everywhere. Some of these objects clearly bear a certain similarity to the emoticons we often use to represent feelings - the curved line of a smile and two circles representing the eyes. But sometimes strange creatures can peer out at us from the sparsest details. In one of Lee's studies, subjects were shown random grey patterns - similar to static on a TV. Given some subtle priming, they reported seeing a person about 34% of the time. Any contours that appeared in the images would have been extremely fuzzy - yet somehow, the brain was conjuring the illusion that a person was staring back. "It turns out it's pretty easy to induce this phenomenon," says Lee.

Although we tend to think that our eyes faithfully report whatever is in front of us, the retina records an imperfect and confusing image that needs to be tidied up by the brain. And Lee thinks this "top-down processing" by the brain is what leads to pareidolia.

One way the brain makes sense of the mess is by making predictions about what we will see, based on our past experience, and then subtly projecting those expectations onto what we see. That way, it can piece together a clearer picture, even if the scene is obscured by poor lighting or fog, say. But it also makes our vision more subjective than you might think - in a sense you really do see what you want to see.

To test his hypothesis, Lee scanned participants' brains as they looked at those images of grey "static". As you would expect, Lee found high activity in the primary visual cortex as people started to pick apart the various aspects of an image, such as its colour or contour. But he also saw the frontal and occipital regions fire into action when the volunteers thought they saw a face, and these areas are thought to deal with higher-level thinking - such as planning, and memory. So this burst of activity may reflect the influence of expectation and experience, as predicted by Lee's "top-down processing" theory. That, in turn, seems to have triggered a region called the right fusiform face area - the part of the brain that responds to actual faces, which may reflect the uncanny feeling that we are looking at a real thinking and feeling being. "If that's activated, we know they really are 'seeing' a face," says Lee.

That might explain why these faces produce the same subconscious reactions we have when we look at a real person. Last year, for instance, a team of Japanese researchers found that we begin to track the gaze of the phantom faces - in just the same way that we try to follow the eyes of a person in front of us. In other words, whenever you see this perplexed building giving the side eye, you might find an urge to see what's making him gawp.

While Lee's experiment helped to map out the circuits that may be involved, it doesn't explain why we are so likely to see faces. One reason could just be that we see so many faces in our day-to-day lives, we're expecting to see them everywhere. "Starting from childhood, they are the most common stimuli that we encounter in everyday life," says Lee. There could also be deeper, evolutionary reasons for why we are especially prone to see faces. Human survival depends so heavily on others - whether we need their help, or fear their violence - that we need to react quickly and understand their motives. So the brain may be wired to quickly detect others whenever it can. If we occasionally make a mistake and see a face in tree bark, that's less serious than failing to spot someone hiding in the bushes.

A more speculative view, according to other researchers, is that a similar mechanism could explain human spirituality. The idea is that the brain, being hard-wired to understand people and their motivations, tries to look for human-like intention in everything around us - be it a thunderstorm, a plague or a terrifying and abstract concept like death. In a bid to make sense of our fears, we therefore begin to personify them, filling the world with gods and demons. Intriguingly, Tapani Riekki at the University of Helsinki in Finland and colleagues have found that religious people are more likely to see faces in ambiguous photos than atheists. Whether this is true or not, the strength of our expectations can at least explain why some see the Mother of God in a piece of toast, whereas I see the Queen of Pop. Consider this image, for example. Do you see Jesus?

But perhaps the most common form of pareidolia in the western world is seeing faces in the fronts of cars, Sonja Windhager at the University of Vienna travelled to rural Ethiopia to find out whether people see the same thing. Questioning people on the roadside and in small restaurants, she was initially met with surprise. "They thought we were a little crazy," she says. But even though the Ethiopians had not been exposed to films like Disney's Cars or the adventures of Herbie, they soon understood the purpose of the study, and rated the pictures in much the way that Europeans do. For instance, cars with a big windscreen, round headlights and a small grill tend to be considered young and feminine:

...while those with flatter headlights and a bigger, squarer under-body are older and more masculine:

To Windhager, this underlines the way our brains are primed to read basic, biological information, like age or gender from anything that vaguely resembles a face - a fact that she thinks underlies pareidolia's evolutionary origins. "It's interesting to see how the modern environment makes us perceive things according to these ancient mechanisms," she says.

Windhager's other studies have found that consumers tend to prefer the more dominant cars - a fact that manufacturers are already using to their advantage; in 2006, for instance, the Wall Street Journal reported that "cuter" cars, like the iconic Volkswagen Beetle, were experiencing falling sales - perhaps because their owners were feeling intimidated by the growing number of large SUVs. So designers decided to create cars with more dominant expressions. The Dodge Charger, for instance, was designed with thin, sloping headlights, to give it a menacing look that could outstare the other cars. "The headlights seem to make eye contact the same way people do on the street," said Chrysler designer Ralph Gilles. "A mean face is what we're going for." Windhager wonders if the illusion of eye contact could impact road safety, however. For instance, we may run into danger if a car's 'face' leads us to assume the car has a mind of its own. "Maybe children will think the car sees them coming - so they might not stop," she says. Seeing cars with more threatening expressions might also make other drivers more anxious or aggressive, she speculates.

Such psychological effects could stretch to all corners of our lives. Various studies have shown a simple picture of a pair of eyes can lead people to act more honestly - a "nudge" technique that has been shown to reduce bicycle theft by more than 60% in certain areas. So it would be interesting to see whether a house harbouring a furtive face is less likely to be burgled, for instance.

There is something remarkable about the thought that the rag-tag bunch of characters that people share via #iseefaces could be guiding our behaviours in these subtle ways. We may not populate the environment with spirits in quite the way our ancestors may have done, but it seems that we can't help but let some phantom beings into our houses, cars and Twitter feeds. At the very least, they can transform the ugliest and most soulless places into things of beauty and humour. Isn't that right, little guy?
Have you seen faces in unexpected places? Share the photo with us via Twitter on the hashtag #futurefaces, or if you'd like to comment on this article, visit our or page.

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Neuroscience: why do we see faces in everyday objects?

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We are primed to see faces in every corner of the visual world. It's not often that you look at your meal to find it staring back at you. But when Diane Duyser picked up her cheese toastie, she was in for a shock.

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In order to make a utopia, you must sacrifice rights

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Events/Facts
-An apple changed mid air
-Jonas examined it but everything seemed normal
-He can't explained how it changed
- Lily jokes about wanting to become a birth mother
-Jonas and Gabe have pale eyes
-Jonas' family unit was given special permission to take care of Gabe for a while.
Questions
- Why do Lily and Jonas not know about animal's names, and only refer to them as comfort objects?
A: The Elders don't want everybody to have memories and know about these animals
- Why did the apple supposedly change?
A: Jonas starts seeing the colour red

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Events/Facts
-Jonas'  parents talk about the ceremony of 1
-Jonas' parents explain what happens after the ceremony of twelve
- Babies are given to family units after being with the nurturers for 1 year

Questions
-Why do kids get bikes at a certain age.?
A: Because the younger kids aren't as responsible
- Why do the elders give assignments after the ceremony of 12?
A; Because they become adults

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Utopia:
-Community or society possessing desirable or perfect qualities
Examples: Garden of Eden, Heaven, Nirvana

Distopia:
- A community or society that is undesirable or frightening

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Main Characters: Jonas, Asher
Events/Facts:

-A pilot was "released" from the community
-They tell each other their feelings

Questions
-Why do they have weird rules like telling their feelings?
Answer: The Elders want to go into sameness
-What is the ceremony of 12?
Answer: The ceremony is when the elevens graduate and become adults with full time jobs