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The long-term recovery plan mainly aimed at rebuilding the reputation of the destination through extensive PR management across tourism agencies and the government, as well as maintaining contacts in other tourist destinations.

Stafford, G., Yu, L. and Armoo, A. (2002). Crisis Management and Recovery. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(5), pp.27-40.

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Amara, D. F. (2016) Re-branding Tourism Hotspots after Crisis:
The Case of Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management [Online], 1 (11) November, pp.

35-44. Available from: <http://ijasrm.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IJASRM_V1S11_156_35_44.pdf>

[Accessed 15th February 2018].

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Prodromal phase: terrorism is ongoing and inevitable
Crisis stage: the plane crash itself was a short lived crisis
Long term response: Egypt is continually fighting terrorism and would need to prove it is a safe destination for mass tourism to return

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The Philippines is

prone to natural hazards including Tsunamis but was no prepared for the consequences of the boxing day tsunami and has since introduced Acts to try and be more prepared for potential natural risks (Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010).

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Egypt has a long history of problems with tourism and terrorism. This latest attack only adds to people's negative perceptions of the country

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Due to the unpredictability of event, the destination did not appear to have a pre-event phase for this kind of disaster.
All businesses within the destination immediately communicated with each other and worked together to identify and provide aid for victims of attack.

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As Indonesia is a developing country it would struggle more to deal and recover from a natural disaster in comparison to a developed country.

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Tourist attractions across the USA were hugely affected and several airlines declared bankruptcy due to extended closures.
The destination suffered many fatalities and therefore suffered major loss of revenue due to decrease in visitor numbers.

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The Egyptian government immediatly tried to reduce the damage and encourage tourists by rebranding the destination. This was hampered by international media which continued to report on terrorism in Egypt

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As the Tsunami hit the

Philippines on Boxing day during the Christmas holidays it would lead to more sever consequences with more causalities as this is a busy period for tourists to be visiting.

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Many businesses and tourist attractions were shut down for several weeks due to the damage  and fear caused by the terrorist attack. This broke down many supply chains within the industry.
NYC was still suffering from the effects of the attack one year later.

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In the immediate moments after the attack the main priority was to reassure those in the area and get them to safety/evacuate.
Emergency equipment was put in place in anticipation of another attack.

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Initially a national crisis which led to international consequenses

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Economical
Socio-cultural
Political

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The attack led to the cancellation of flights from the UK to Sharm. Egypt experienced a significant drop in international arrivals. Up to 59% drop in January 2016

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Consequences were major with five million people being affected. The Tsunami had international effects as not only did many countries deal with the tsunami first had, it would also prevent tourists for visiting in the future due to the potential risk of a future natural disaster.

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Root cause behind crisis is due to political conflicts, this then had knock-on effect on socio-cultural, environmental and economic aspects of the destination.

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Originally caused by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean.

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Plane bombing happened in 2015 and this added to the existing tourism issues in Egypt

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Initially an enviromental issue but will lead to an effect on other areas  including the economy.

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Russian passenger jet brought down by ISIS