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Allows competition by stopping unfair business practices and to investigate all complaints.

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Created the federal reserve board and reformed the banking system.

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A policy that was adopted to stop the approach of dollar diplomacy. A focus on right principles and not just economic ties.

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The election of 1912 brought on a new Progressive Party. President Roosevelt's platform was for government control

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A way for the U.S. to continue its foreign policy by using economic power by assuring loans to foreign countries.

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John Muir was the founder of the Sierra Club which was founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California as an environmental organization.

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President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program to reflect three basic goals: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

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Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. The significance of the 18th Amendment was that there was a rise in organized crime, as criminals used illegal methods to supply the demand for alcohol.

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Founded in 1893 in Oberlin, Ohio with a focus on the single issue of prohibition.

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An organization of women grouped together for the purpose of outlawing the drinking and selling of alcohol with a program that is based on applied Christianity.

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A female social reformer who founded the first private social welfare agency in Chicago, Illinois called the Hull House. The goal of Hull House was to provide assistance the poor, fight juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English. The significance of this was that it led to the formation of many other settlement houses and an important factor in the passing of child labor laws.

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A religious movement by Protestant ministers who taught religion and human dignity would help the poor conquer problems of industrialization. The significance of the Social Gospel Movement is that it led the formation of the of programs that currently run today like YMCA and the Salvation Army.

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An essay written by Andrew Carnegie that explained monopolies through social Darwinism and claimed that the wealthy had a God-given responsibility to perform  tasks of civil philanthropy for the benefit of society. The significance of the "Gospel of Wealth", is that it was the policy statement for philanthropy and inspiration for philanthropists like Bill Gates.

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An African American who wanted blacks to practice patience, manual training, and hard labor and the founder of the Tuskegee Institute.

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Leader of the Niagara Movement who wanted equal rights for blacks and a co-founder of the NAACP in 1909.

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An African American journalist, published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores.

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Journalists who attacked corrupt leaders and institutions

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A muckraker who published the novel called The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome and horrific details about Chicago's meat packing industry.

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A workplace disaster on the March 25, 1911 in New York City, causing the death of 146 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths.

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Established by President Taft it was a federal agency to investigate and publicize child labor problems and protect children in the work place.

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The Sherman Anti-Trust Act banned any formations that would restrict trade, not distinguishing between bad and good trusts. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act extended the Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices. Excused labor unions from being called trusts, legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members.

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Allowed women the right to vote in federal or state elections. The significance of  the 19th amendment was that after years of women being denied to vote, and women made a giant step in being treated with respect.

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Alice Paul and the National Women's Party

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Alice Paul and the National Women's Party

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The founder of the National Women's party, she took a more militant approach to gaining the right to vote. She led women in mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the govt of women's suffrage.

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National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

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National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

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An organization was established by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in May 1890 for the purpose of fighting for women's suffrage.

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The election of Senators by voters through the process known as direct election.

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The definition of initiative is that as a right, people can propose a new law.The definition of referendum is laws that are voted on by citizens instead of the state or national governments. The definition of recall is that an elected official removed from office by the people as a result of voting and petitioning.

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Gave Congress the right to impose an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.

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A government agency created in 1887 with the purpose of regulating the economics and services of specified carriers engaged in transportation between states.

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William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech

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William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech

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A presidential candidate for the Democratic Party three times, nominated because of support from the Populist Party. On June 18, 1896, Bryan gave a speech. He said people must not be "crucified on a cross of gold", making a reference to the Republican proposal to eliminate silver coinage and adopt a strict gold standard.

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The gold standard is a system by which the value of a currency was defined in terms of gold, for which the currency could be exchanged. The silver standard is a system by which the value of a currency is defined in terms of silver, for which the currency may be exchanged. This became one of the debates in the election of 1896.

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Populists/People's Party + Omaha Platform 

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Populists/People's Party + Omaha Platform 

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Founded in 1891 in Cincinnati, Ohio, the Populists Party adopted a platform for the 1892 election called the Omaha Platform in which they called for free coinage of silver and paper money; national income tax; direct election of senators; regulation of railroads; and other government reforms to help farmers. The part was split between South and West.  The significance of the Populists Party was that the Democratic adopted some of their policies such as the direct election of senators and national income tax and later bring up these issues.

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A movement among farmers in 1875 to end the damaging effects of the crop lien systems on farmers

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National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry 

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National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry 

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Founded in 1867 after the Civil War, a fraternal organization that supports families to stick together to support economic and political health of the community and agriculture.

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A period from 1890 to the 1920s to eliminate problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and corruption in government. The significance of the Progressive Era was the creation of new amendments, the government issues became handled, workers were treated better, and issues in other areas were being handled.

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Mail-order catalogues and department stores

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Mail-order catalogues and department stores

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Mail-order catalogs and department stores 

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Mail-order catalogs and department stores 

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Mail order catalogs are chain stores in hard to reach rural areas but kept customers through this process. It changed isolated people's lives b/c it introduced new trends of fashion, home decor, new tools, machinery, and technology for home available to them. Department stores transformed buying habits &turned shopping into more luring &glamorous activity by bringing together products that would generally be sold at different stores in one store.

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A creation by Charles Gibson to depict a representation of the independent and beautiful American woman.

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Occurs at a work place for membership in a union as a condition to being hired.

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A strike that took place on May 11, 1894 in Pullman, Chicago when employees striked due to wage cuts.

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A dispute that began on June 30, 1892 in Homestead, Pennsylvania between the Amalgated Association of Iron and Steel Workers and the Carnegie Steel Company.

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The result of a bombing that took place on Tuesday, May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square in Chicago at a labor demonstration

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An upheaval that resulted from the cutting of wages for a third time in a year by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

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Referred to Wobbles, was founded in 1905 in Chicago, Illinois as an international labor union which is a combination of general and industrial unionism.

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Founded in Columbus, Ohio in 1886 by craft unions and led by Samuel Gompers and emerged from a dispute with the Knights of Labor.

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A secret organization formed in Philadelphia in 1869 by tailors to handle labor disputes.

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An American banker and business man who was successful in corporate finance and industrial consolidation.

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A pioneer in the oil industry who is identified as the richest American of all time.

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Led the expansion of the American steel industry and labeled as one of the richest American.

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An American philanthropist and business giant who became successful in the railroad and shipping industry

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A person that becomes rich through unethical business practices.

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A succession of events during the introduction of competition of electric power transmission systems.

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Monopolies, trusts, and holding companies

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Monopolies, trusts, and holding companies

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A monopoly is one person or one company has control of a particular industry in a monopoly, a holding company has controlling share of stock in other companies, and a trust is a legal agreement to reduce competition. The significance of all of these economic business tactics is that they put other businesses out of business with their tactics and these tactics were later put to an end during the Progressive Era.

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Vertical integration looks to acquire a company that operates in the same production industry and horizontal integration looks to purchase a similar company in the same industry.

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Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest. The belief was that only the fittest and most adaptable survived in the process of evolution, only the fittest individuals survived and prospered in the marketplace. The significance of Social Darwinism was that it was used to explain racism, conservative economic policies, and imperialism.

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A product being produced by a line of factory workers and equipment that passes from operation to operation to complete a finished product.

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Developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor describing how the scientific method can be applied to the management of workers to improve productivity.

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An outlook for a southern economy that is self-sufficient and built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improvement in transportation. The significance of the "New South" was that the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, Henry W. Grady went through any means necessary to help expand and seize the attention of inventors who were interested in starting any industry or finding a reasonable location to start a business.

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An economic policy that promotes that the government does not interfere with business. The significance of Laissez faire is that heavily impacted economic policy during the industrial revolution of the 1800s and it helped create the market system we have today.

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The first law enacted to stop a certain group from immigrating to the U.S. by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1862 stopping all immigration of Chinese laborers.

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Known as the Father of the American Cartoon and exposed the illegal wrong doings of Tammany Hall.

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A politician who was the boss of Tammany Hall, a Democratic Party political machine which played a role in politics in New City State and George W. Plunkitt served in both houses of the New York State Legislature and a member of the Tammany Hall machine.

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Americanization is the assimilation into American culture. The significance of Americanization was that it was a movement supported by the government to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into the dominate culture. Schools and voluntary associations taught immigrants skills need for citizenship, such as English literacy and American governments.

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A secret society founded by Henry F. Bowers in 1887 of anti-immigrants, anti-Catholic members who played upon the fears of the rural population about the growth and political power of immigrant populated cities.

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A series of studies by a photographer and journalist reflecting the living conditions in New York City's slum to upper and middle classes.

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An area that has a high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity activity in a geographic area. The significance of ethnic enclaves is that members in the ethnic enclave can achieve economic mobility.

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An entry port for immigrants arriving in New York and San Francisco. The immigrants at Ellis Island were treated better than the immigrants of Angel Island.

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A person who has newly left the place where they were born and arrives in a new country to start over.

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African Americans who migrated from from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas during the Exoduster Movement.

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These panics were a result of a collapse in cotton prices, wheat crop failure, the failure of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company which led to Americans losing their land, and railroads, banks, and businesses closing.

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States in the South became solid backing the Democratic Party following the Civil War.

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Republicans who switched from the Republican party to Democratic Party in support of Grover Cleveland. They switched because they didn't like the financial corruption.

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An act that authorized civil service reform, said that in order to acquire most government jobs, a person has to take the Civil Service Exam (highest scores got the jobs), prohibited federal employees from giving campaign money to their party.

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Stalwarts was a group of the Republican party that opposed reform. Half-Breeds was a group of the Republican party that wanted reform.

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An act in which the government promised the withdrawal of greenbacks from circulation and the redemption of all paper money in gold.

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A name given by Mark Twain to describe the time period with tremendous increase in wealth caused by industrialization. This time period also displayed many problems such as corruption in government and poor treatment of factory workers. The significance of the "Gilded Age" was the introduction of industrialization in the United States, an increase of immigrants in the United States, and the rise of new industries.

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Boarding schools run by whites created by the Bureau. The Bureau took Indian children away from their families and sent them to boarding schools to educate them to get rid of their tribal ways.

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An act outlawed tribal ownership of land and forced 160-acre homesteads into the hands of individual Indians and their families with the purpose of assimilating Indians into the white culture.

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An act in which Congress made a decision that Indian tribes were no longer recognized as sovereign powers with whom treaties must be made. This act nullified previous treaties made with the Indian tribes.

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The system created by the federal government that distributed land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the west. The significance of the reservation system was that the government was expanding the United States with the land taken from the Native Americans. Also, the Native Americans lives became even more difficult as a result.

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A series of battles between Indian warriors and white settlers. In an act of revenge for previous attacks, Indian warriors attacked wagon trains, stagecoaches, and isolated ranches.

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A Native American religious dance movement that was brought back by a man named Wovoka. It was believed that performing would kill all the whites and bring back the buffalo.

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It was the nickname given to African American soldiers in their wars fought against the Native Americans living on the Great Plains in the 1870s. The reason for the nickname was that the African Americans hair resembled a buffalo.

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Boomtowns were towns that were built over night near mining areas and later became ghost town when the gold and mining moved out. The significance of boomtowns was that gold was picked out of these areas during the Gold Rush and the ghost towns are used today as tourist attractions that used as an source of income.

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A machine created by Samuel Morse in 1863 that utilized a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire.

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A railroad built in 1869 that connected the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system. The significance of the Transcontinental Railroad was that it made transportation easier. Also, new markets for goods became accessible due to the railroad.

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An argument presented by Frederick Jackson Turner that the moving western frontier developed American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890.