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New map of the Union Pacific Railway, the short, quick and safe line to all points west.

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New map of the Union Pacific Railway, the short, quick and safe line to all points west.

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County map of the United States showing relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, and the railroad network with emphasis on the main line. Scenic illustrations border the map.

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Did the change in the young nation open the door to opportunity for all Amercans? 

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Did the change in the young nation open the door to opportunity for all Amercans? 

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The economic changes in the young nation opened opportunities for all Americans. Although there were some negative impacts, for the most part it brought positive changes. These changes brought America to what it is today; a land rich with opportunity and new innovations. New innovations such as the industrialization, factory system, railroads and canals improved the lives of the Americans by leading to a more convenient life. Some such as the market revolution effected the lives of the workers who worked in unhealthy conditions. Outside of the workplace though, they also had the opportunity to enjoy the easiness of getting around and making more money.

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The growth of the market economy sparked a transportation revolution. American engineers had built all weather roads that had stone surfaces and proper drainage. Canals extended water travel to places rivers did not run. Railroads were another key element in the transportation revolution. Inspired by steamboats, engineers built steam-powered locomotives that hauled freight and passenger cars along railroad lines, even in the winter when rivers and canals froze. By the mid-1800's, thousands of miles of track stretched across the nation.

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In a traditional economy, people make most of the things they use. Goods are often traded by barter or other informal types of exchange. In a market economy, people buy and sell goods for money, rather than producing them for themselves.There were negative and positive affects to these economic developments. As productivity increased, living standards usually improved. Americans with cash in their pockets had more goods to choose from when they shopped. However, many factory workers had to work for low wages in unsafe, unhealthy conditions in order to produce these goods.

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New technology brought new ways of working. Boston merchant Francis Cabot Lowell, opened his first cotton mill in 1814. Lowell's factory used a series of machines, housed in one building that turned raw cotton into finished cloth. He hired young women from local farms to tend his machines. Many of these ''Mill girls'' were happy to leave their unpaid farm work for a factory job with wages.

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In 1793, Eli Whitney visited a Georgia plantation and observed how slaves spent hours cleaning the seeds from cotton. Witnessing the hard work of theses slaves, he became determined t took to clean one pound by hand. Whitney's cotton gin revolutionized cotton production, making cotton the nation's leading cash crop.

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Industrialization is the process by which an economy has transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on manufacturing goods. In 1789, a young Englishman named Samuel Slater came to the United states to set up a cotton spinning mill using the latest technology which marked the beginning of industrialization.