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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a work space.

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is a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar.

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Here's what you need to know to navigate the Layers palette: The Background is the bottom layer in the image.

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The View menu typically includes zoom commands adoptions to show or hide elements within the window.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels.

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adjustment is found in most image-editing applications, and offers one of the best ways to change colors both globally and selectively.

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An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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To switch the Zoom tool between zooming in or out, use the Enlarge or Reduce modifiers (in the options area of the Tools panel when the Zoom tool is

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This is a very handy tool for selecting areas which have reasonably well-defined edges.

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This determines how closely to match colors - higher tolerance means a larger selection.

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Similar to the lasso toll, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.

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As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image.

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. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections.

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Go back undo

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Zoom in/out

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Paint brash

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Eraser

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New duplicate layer from selection

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New layer CUT from selection

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White selection to ADD To Selection

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Deselect, gets rid to Remove from selection

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To clean up selection smooth edges

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Inverse selection

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Merges A layer to what layer is below it.

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The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area.

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When the patch tool is selected, it initially operates in a lasso selection mode that can be used to define the area to patch from or patch to.

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Content Aware Move will allow you to select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image without the use of layers and masks.

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Red eye in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open.

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image

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In the Toolbox, select the Sponge Tool.

Choose brush size and style*.

Select mode (what do you want - saturate or desaturate).

Set the tool's Flow (tool's strength).

Drag on the image.

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Photoshop Clone Stamp Tool. Photoshop's clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image.

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The Crop Tool cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image: In the Toolbox, select theCrop Tool, click on the image and draw a rectangle holding mouse's button pressed

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"The Pixel Aspect Ratio is simply a fancy way of saying what the length of one side of a pixel is in relation to the length of the other. If the ratio is 1:1 it means that each side of the pixel is the same length as the other, in other words the pixel is a square."

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Cropping is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the composition.

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To sum up, there are two primary types of masks in Photoshop: layer masks and clipping masks.

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred.

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Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image.

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On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method.

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he Vertical Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Vertical Type Tool.

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s a period shortly after sunrise or before sunset during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center.

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an exposure meter that measures light reflected from only a small area of a subject or scene.

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Today, every DSLR has an integrated light meter that automatically measures the reflected light and determines the optimal exposure.

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1. a mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.

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Matrix Metering orEvaluative Metering mode is the default meteringmode on most DSLRs.

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This usually referred to a work of art that was divided

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a series of three panels that are meant to be displayed together.

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