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Duality: Macbeth compares light and dark 

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Duality: Macbeth compares light and dark 

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Macbeth: "Come, seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day, And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond Which keeps me pale!" (3.2.48-53) This quote shows Macbeth saying for the night to come and blindfold the peaceful but weak day so that it's evil hand will destroy what Banquo has left of his life, and make it easy for Macbeth to destroy him and rid himself of the fear he feels.

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Second Witch: "When the hurly-burly's done, when the battle's lost and won." (1.1.3-4) This scene begins with the bloody war between Norway and Scotland that one side or the other can not seem to get control over. It introduces this idea of violence that is going to be prevalent in this book, and Shakespeare introducing it right in the beginning sets the tone for the rest of the story.

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This act is about the three witches talking about when they will meet again and they decide they will after either Scotland or Norway win the war for good. They say that it will happen soon and they should meet Macbeth in an open field. They then say a spell before they part ways.

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Captain: "But all’s too weak, For brave Macbeth—well he deserves that name— Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, Like valor’s minion carved out his passage Till he faced the slave." (1.2.15-20) This quote give the reader an insight on how people view Macbeth as a great soldier and brave person. During the war, Scotland was about to give up because of the number of men Norway had, but Macbeth showed his bravery by cutting his way until he reached one of the commanders. He then proceeded to cut open his body and leave his head on his sword as a sign of victory. They call him "brave Macbeth" for a reason because he went against the predicted outcome of the battle.

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This act opens with the King of Scotland, Duncan, asking the Captain of the war to tell him what was happening in the battle. The Captain proceeded to say that the battle winners were unpredictable for a while because both armies couldn't jump ahead, until Macbeth came and killed one of the sergeants. He then says that Norway brought in more men but that didn't scare Macbeth for he just kept on fighting twice as hard as he was before. King Duncan's sons then enter and explain that they were watching the battle and saw the Thane of Cawdor fighting for Norway, making him a traitor. They also said that the king of Norway wants to make a treaty but Scotland denies saying they won't even allow Norway to bury their men without paying. The king takes the Thane of Cawdor's title away and gives it to Macbeth for the braveness that he had shown in battle.

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Macbeth thinks about how two things have come true about what the witches have told him, so that must mean he will inevitably become king. He thinks that the supernatural witches can't be a bad thing but it also can't be good thing because it would promote him to the highest rank, but all he can think about is killing King Duncan to reach that status, and this makes him nervous. Even though it is only thoughts, he is still scared because the thought of murdering someone makes him freak out. He wants to reach that position but he can't bring himself to kill.

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The scene opens up with the witches meeting again and talking about where they have been. One witch ran into a lady with chestnuts, but the lady refused to give her one so she is going to make her husband incapable of reproduction to punish her. They spot Macbeth and Banquo coming and Banquo wonders what they are because they look like women but have beards. The witches promise that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and eventually become king. Banquo does not believe them at first, so he asks about his future and they say even though he won't become a king himself, he will have sons who will become one. Ross and Angus enter and say how great of a job Macbeth did during the battle and they say that he will be getting the title of Thane of Cawdor, which is what the witches promised. Macbeth now believes them, and thinks that he can become king but he is going to have to kill King Duncan to get there, which he thinks is morally wrong to do.

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Character Development: The Witches Evilness 

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Character Development: The Witches Evilness 

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Witch: "I myself have all the other, And the very ports they blow,

All the quarters that they know

I' th' shipman’s card.

I’ll drain him dry as hay.

Sleep shall neither night nor day

Hang upon his penthouse lid.

He shall live a man forbid." (1.3.14-21) This quote shows how evil the witches are because a women only refused to give her one chestnut and now the witch is planning on ruining her chances of having kids, and driving her husband insane with no sleep. This shows that no one should mess with the witches or there will be deep consequences. Another example of how they are evil is by driving people to think crazy thoughts by giving them hope. The witches state, "All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!" (1.3.48-50) By giving these titles to Macbeth and proving that they come true because Macbeth is titles Thane of Cawdor soon after, he believes that the next step is king. It must happen because it seems only fate at this point, so he thinks horrible thoughts of murder to reach that title, which could drive a person crazy. This idea of fate and hope given to someone by the witches secretly shows how evil the witches truly are because sometimes not knowing what is to come is the best.

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Macbeth: "Stars, hide your fires;

Let not light see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see." (1.4.52-55) This quote shows duality because it brings in the connection of light and dark. Macbeth tells the stars to turn down their brightness because he does not want the light to penetrate into his soul and illuminate the dark or evil thoughts he is having about killing King Duncan. He knows he is afraid to think about it, but in the end he will end up doing the deed.

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The scene opens up with King Duncan and his sons talking about if the Thane of Cawdor had been killed yet. Malcom replies that he had been and that he begged to be forgived right before he was killed. Macbeth then enters and King Duncan says that there is no way that he would ever be able to fully repay Macbeth for his services. Macbeth then says that he is blessed to be working for King Duncan, and then King Duncan says that the next king in line is his son Malcom. Macbeth leaves to tell his wife the new title he was just given, and while he is alone, he thinks to himself that he must find a way to overcome Malcom so that the throne will become his if he's next in line.

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Lady Macbeth: "Come, you spirits

That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood.

Stop up the access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between

The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall, you murd'ring ministers,

Wherever in your sightless substances You wait on nature’s mischief." (1.5.30-40) This quote shows how evil Macbeth's wife is because after she is informed that Macbeth could potentially become king, she thinks to herself that she must kill King Duncan to make her life better. She wants to have no remorse when she does and wants to feel powerful while killing him. This shows that she will stop at no length to get what is right because this is the first resolution she jumped to when she found out King Duncan was on his way to her house.

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In this scene Lady Macbeth gets a letter from Macbeth stating that he believes in witchcraft because he was promised Thane of Cawdor from three witches and he got that title. The next step was king and Lady Cawdor is informed that King Duncan is coming over to the house. She plans to kill him so that she can change her and her husbands life for the better. Macbeth says that they can discuss this further at a later time, but Lady Macbeth says that all he has to do is be polite to him so that he will get close enough that Lady Macbeth can kill him.

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This scene is about Duncan coming up to the Macbeth castle and admiring about how pretty it is there. Lady Macbeth comes out and says that she will serve him in any way because of the honors that King Duncan gave to their family. King Duncan then asks where Macbeth is because they had followed very close to him, and they had hoped to beat him but Lady Macbeth says that Macbeth is inside, so they enter the house.

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Duncan: "This castle hath a pleasant seat. The air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses." (1.6.1-3) This quote uses imagery to describe how wealthy the Macbeth's are because he describes their castle situated in a beautiful place with a sweet smell surrounding them. This indicates that they are in a beautiful area which shows how much money they have.

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This act begins with Macbeth going back an forth on whether he and his wife should kill King Duncan because while it would make his life better, the guilt of murder would follow him for the rest of his life. Lady Macbeth enters and states that she has a plan, and easily talks Macbeth into by questioning his manhood and stating that he had promised her he would follow through with it. Her plan is to kill Duncan in his sleep while she gets his two guards so drunk they don't remember a thing, and then use their daggers to actually do the deed and blame it on the servants by acting really sad about the whole thing. Macbeth agrees and starts to add small details to make the plan even better and tells Lady Macbeth that they must have innocent faces to hide the true crime they had committed.

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Literary Device: Technique/Irony (Dramatic) 

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Literary Device: Technique/Irony (Dramatic) 

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Lady Macbeth: "We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we’ll not fail. When Duncan is asleep— Whereto the rather shall his day’s hard journey Soundly invite him—his two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so convince That memory, the warder of the brain, Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason A limbeck only: when in swinish sleep Their drenchèd natures lie as in a death, What cannot you and I perform upon The unguarded Duncan? What not put upon His spongy officers, who shall bear the guilt Of our great quell?" (1.7.59-72) This quote is an example of dramatic irony because Macbeth and his wife are in the same house that King Duncan is currently in and they are both revising plans on how they should kill him so that Macbeth can get the crown and be proven innocent. While they are doing this, Duncan has no idea that there is even a plan for him to be murdered because he thinks the Macbeth's are the nicest people and that he is doing is enjoying a nice dinner. The audience knows that there is a murder about to happen but King Duncan is oblivious to it all.

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The scene opens with Banquo and Fleance talking and Banquo says that he is tired, but then Macbeth enters. He then asks Macbeth why he is not asleep yet and says that the King is already in bed. Macbeth responds that he feels they didn't do the best entertaining him because it was short notice. Macbeth and Banquo say they want to talk about the witches but this is not a good time. Macbeth then envisions a bloody dagger but then tells himself not to think to much about it because the time he is wasting will make him question his decision on whether or not he should kill King Duncan.

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Character Development: Macbeth's change from good to evil

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Character Development: Macbeth's change from good to evil

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Macbeth: "Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.

I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat-oppressèd brain? I see thee yet, in form as palpable As this which now I draw. Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going, And such an instrument I was to use. Mine eyes are made the fools o' th' other senses, Or else worth all the rest. I see thee still, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood,

Which was not so before. There’s no such thing. It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes." (2.1.33-50) This quote shows how ruthless Macbeth has become because before he was saying how crazy his wife was for thinking about killing the king, but now he is seeing the dagger that he is going to use in his imagination. This is showing how crazy he has become in such a short time because he is also seeing blood spots on it, but it isn't real because the real dagger is sitting in his pocket, waiting to kill Macbeth.

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The scene opens by with Lady Macbeth saying how many drugs she put into the servants drinks and how Macbeth must have been killing Duncan at that moment. Macbeth says that he thinks he is going crazy because he is hearing voices and noises, but Lady Macbeth tells him to stop thinking about it because he actually will go crazy. Macbeth says that everyone will know that he's guilty because his hands will be stained red, and Lady Macbeth has to take the daggers back to the room Duncan is in and bloody up the servants to make them look guilty. She says that she would have killed him herself if he didn't look like her father while he slept as she was calling Macbeth a coward. They hear knocking and Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to get dressed in his pjs so it looks like they were sleeping, and Macbeth says that he wishes he was asleep so he didn't have to think about the crime he just committed.

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Character Development: Lady Macbeth and her softer side 

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Character Development: Lady Macbeth and her softer side 

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"Alack, I am afraid they have awaked, And ’tis not done. Th' attempt and not the deed

Confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss 'em. Had he not resembled

My father as he slept, I had done ’t." (2.2.9-13) This quote shows Lady Macbeth and her softer side because it represents how she would have killed Duncan only it reminded her of her father as he slept, so she would have felt guilty doing something like that. This shows that she does have a heart deep down and behind that evil that lives in her heart, because without it then she wouldn't have thought twice about killing Duncan even though it reminded her of someone she loved.

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The scene opens with the door opener at the castle drunk talking about how he is the devil, and then talks about what alcohol does to you once he lets Macduff and Lennox in. Macduff then asks if Duncan is awake, and Macbeth says that he should go and wake him so he leaves to "get" Duncan. He comes back out screaming because he has just seen his father laying dead in his bed with blood everywhere. Before this Lennox explains to Macbeth that the world is out of control because the night was really rough with wind and animal calls. Lady Macbeth asks what is happening but Macduff says it would kill her if she heard the truth. Macbeth then says that he killed the guards because they were too unfaithful to the king and they deserved to be punished. Macduff and Lennox then decide to move to different places to escape the danger surrounding their family, and they believe they will be safer if they are harder to trace.

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Lennox: "The night has been unruly. Where we lay, Our chimneys were blown down and, as they say,

Lamentings heard i' th' air, strange screams of death, And prophesying with accents terrible Of dire combustion and confused events

New hatched to the woeful time. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Some say the Earth

Was feverous and did shake." (2.3.28-36) This quote uses mostly all of the senses because it is describing the night after Macbeth killed King Duncan. They say that they felt the wind from their chimney come into their bedroom, with screams of death voices that were predicting terrible things. The animals were also making noises so it involved hearing and feeling.

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Macduff: "They were suborned.

Malcolm and Donalbain, the king’s two sons, Are stol'n away and fled, which puts upon them Suspicion of the deed." (2.4.24-27) Macduff, Ross, and the Old Man are talking about how out of line everything has been since Duncan's death, especially with the world around them. They then talk about who they think killed Duncan, and that it was his own sons that did it and they ran away so they are suspects. Little do they know that they were running away for their own safety, and the real killer, who is Macbeth, is still living in the town. The audience knows the sons aren't the killers but the other characters are not aware of that.

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This scene opens up with Ross and an old man talking about how the natural world is all messed up like how it is dark out when it should be light but the darkness doesn't let the light shine through. They also say that Duncan's horses ate themselves after they were killed. They believe that the sons payed the servants to kill the King, but then the servants were murdered and the sons ran away so they are suspects. The kings body was carried to Colmekill were he was to be buried and then they all leave.

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Macbeth: "Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men, As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, Shoughs, water-rugs, and demi-wolves are clept All by the of dogs. The valued file Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, The housekeeper, the hunter, every one..." (3.1.94-98) This quote shows a simile because Macbeth is comparing men to dogs because there are all different types of dogs that have varying personalities, like men who have different levels of cleverness, those who are hunters, and the difference between the weak and the strong.

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This scene opens with Banquo questioning if Macbeth has anything to do with the murders because Duncan died only days after he found out he would be king, Macbeth invites him that night to a dinner at his house, and Banquo agree but is going riding with Fleance and will be back later. Macbeth is then upset that he has ruined his life for Banquo's gain because the royal bloodline will stop at him since he knows Banquo's sons will become kings. He then invites the murderers in and explains to them that he is afraid of Banquo and they agree to kill him that night when he comes to the castle.

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Character Development: Banquo's love for Fleance

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Character Development: Banquo's love for Fleance

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Banquo: "Oh, treachery! Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! Thou mayst revenge-Oh slave!" (3.3.23-24) This quote shows how Banquo grows as a character and gives the reader an insight on the soft spot he has for his son. He cares so much for his son that he sacrificed his own life in order for Fleance to run away from the murderers in order to live a long life and get revenge for his father's murder.

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Lady Macbeth: "O proper stuff!This is the very painting of your fear.This is the air-drawn dagger which you saidLed you to Duncan. Oh, these flaws and starts,Impostors to true fear, would well becomeA woman’s story at a winter’s fire,Authorized by her grandam. Shame itself! Why do you make such faces? When all’s done,You look but on a stool." Macbeth: "Prithee, see there! Behold! Look! Lo! How say you?" (3.4.60-69) This quote shows conflict (Man vs Self) because Macbeth is seeing all of these hallucinations after he keeps comitting these murders. It is starting to drive him insane because they keep showing up and they seem so real to him, while no one else can see them. King Duncan's ghost showed up when he was at a party, and it is starting to affect him in front of people as well because his mind is playing tricks on him.

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This scene opens up with Macbeth greeting the lords that arrive at his house for a dinner and then the murder comes to the door to let Macbeth know they killed Banquo but let Fleance go. Macbeth's fear comes back because his plan was ruined but Lady Macbeth tells him to go back to the party instead of worrying. Macbeth says that he was wondering where Banquo was because he wasn't at the party, and then he sees the ghost of Banquo sitting in his chair. He becomes scared and starts freaking out but Lady Macbeth says that he has episodes to the guests. She then tells him that it is just a hallucination but he insists that it is real. The ghost leaves so Macbeth goes back to the party but then the ghost returns and he starts yelling at it, and Lady Macbeth tells all of the guests to go home. He then tells Lady Macbeth that he must go visit the witches to ask them if he is too deep in murder and if there is anyway he can escape.

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Hecate: "And I, the mistress of your charms, The close contriver of all harms, Was never called to bear my part, Or show the glory of our art?

And, which is worse, all you have done Hath been but for a wayward son, Spiteful and wrathful, who, as others do, Loves for his own ends, not for you. But make amends now. Get you gone, And at the pit of Acheron Meet me i' th' morning. Thither he Will come to know his destiny. Your vessels and your spells provide, Your charms and everything beside.I am for the air. This night I’ll spend Unto a dismal and a fatal end." (3.5.6-21) This quote shows character insight because this is the first time that the readers have met Hecate, and we learn she is the leader of the witches. She is very demanding and likes to be in control when it comes to dark magic, so when something happens she doesn't know about, she makes sure to punish whoever was involved, except for the witches. She hates Macbeth because she sees him as selfish and plans to punish him at the river in hell were he will find his destiny which is a spell that will lead to his death.

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This scene opens up with Hecate talking to the witches and she is upset because she was not involved in the witches telling Macbeth his prophecy, which they weren't supposed to do. She doesn't like Macbeth because he is selfish and will do anything for himself no matter what he has to destroy to reach that goal. She plans to destroy him by giving him self confidence that he is better than everything because she knows that is a mans greatest weakness. She is going to make him see illusions by working on a potion before they meet in hell the next day where Macbeth will be.

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Lord: "Thither Macduff

Is gone to pray the holy king upon his aid To wake Northumberland and warlike Siward, That by the help of these—with Him above To ratify the work—we may again Give to our tables meat, sleep to our nights,

Free from our feasts and banquets bloody knives, Do faithful homage and receive free honors. All which we pine for now. And this report

Hath so exasperated the king that he Prepares for some attempt of war." (3.6.29-39) This quote shows foreshadowing because Macbeth has just found out that Macduff has gone to England in attempt to gain help from the king. He want's to overthrow Macbeth because he is a tyrant to the land and people are becoming suspious of the murders and that Macbeth has commited them. He wants to return Scotland to the way it once was, and Macbeth doesn't like this and is ready to declare war.

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This scene opens up with Lennox talking about how similar all of the murders are and how both sons ran away after the murders and are now being framed, and also how Macbeth was the saddest over the deaths when he was the one gaining the most out of both. He is suspicious of Macbeth because he believes he has something to do with them. The lord then says that Macduff plans to make Scotland better with the help of the King of England which Macbeth does not like. Lennox believes Macbeth is a tyrant and wants Macduff to come fast to fix the country but to also stay away because Macbeth is very mad at him since he also denied talking to him by sending away his messenger.

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This scene opens up with witches doing spells and dancing around a pot that they were putting potions into. They call on Macbeth to come and Macbeth arrives at the scene. Macbeth asks them to tell him what they are doing and then the witches say if he wants to hear it from them or from their "masters". These ghosts start to appear with prophecies to tell Macbeth. The first one tells him to beware Macduff, the second one tells him not to worry because no one can hurt him, and the third one says that he must be brave and kill Macduff or he will kill you when two forests reach each other. Macbeth doubts this saying that trees can't move, and continues to ask more but the witches tell him to stop. Instead they give him a vision of Banquo sitting at a table with the family line he has created saying this is what is next. The witches disappear after Macbeth asks if this is real and then Lennox appears. Macbeth asks if he saw the witches too and Lennox says no. Macbeth is informed that Macduff has gone to England and Macbeth decides to have his castle broken into and have everyone killed in the castle, including his wife.

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Lady Macduff: "Wisdom! To leave his wife, to leave his babes, His mansion and his titles in a place From whence himself does fly? He loves us not; He wants the natural touch. For the poor wren, The most diminutive of birds, will fight, Her young ones in her nest, against the owl. All is the fear and nothing is the love, As little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason." (4.2.6-13) This quote shows dramatic irony because she doesn't know why Macduff left. She believes that he ran because he was afraid and couldn't protect his family. She believes he doesn't love his family. The audience knows that Macduff was actually brave for leaving and protecting his family because he wanted to save the entire country of Scotland from the tryrant ruling that Macbeth has been running since he got into office. He went to get help from England's king so Lady Macduff should be happy but she is angry because she doesn't know the full story but the audience knows.

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Macbeth: "That will never be. Who can impress the forest, bid the tree

Unfix his earthbound root? Sweet bodements! Good! Rebellious dead, rise never till the wood Of Birnam rise, and our high-placed Macbeth

Shall live the lease of nature, pay his breath To time and mortal custom...Infected be the air whereon they ride, And damned all those that trust them." (4.1.94-141) This shows how gullible and hypocritical Macbeth is. He believes the witches in telling him that he doesn't need to worry about anyone because he will never be killed, but wants to kill Macduff just for extra measures. After the witches leave, Macbeth becomes mad and says curse to everyone that believes the witches. This is ironic because he believes the witches and everything they say, because he even killed Duncan after they told him he would be king. He cursed himself because he is a believer.

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This scene opens with Lady Macduff asking Ross where her husband went and why. She is upset with him because she believes he left his wife and children for nothing because he didn't want to protect his family anymore. Ross tells her he ran away because of fear and wisdom but Lady Macduff does not agree with him and says he doesn't love her because she left her and their children alone and says he is fatherless. Her son walks in and she tells him that his father is dead and how will they live. He says that his father isn't dead but she says he is and then he asks what she will do to without a husband. She says that she can pick up any man she wants. She then says Macduff is a traitor and should be killed by an honest man, but her son says their are too many traitors and they will kill the honest men instead. There is a messanger that enters and tell Lady Macbeth to leave the house before the murderers come, but she doesn't know they are there to kill her so she refuses to show she is strong. The murderers then enter and ask where her husband is and she says she is not there. The son talks back to the murderer so he is killed and Lady Macduff runs away in fear.

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Literary Device: Conflict (man vs society/ man vs self)

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Literary Device: Conflict (man vs society/ man vs self)

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Macduff: "No, not to live.—O nation miserable, With an untitled tyrant bloody-sceptered, When shalt thou see thy wholesome days again,

Since that the truest issue of thy throne By his own interdiction stands accursed, And does blaspheme his breed?—Thy royal father Was a most sainted king. The queen that bore thee, Oftener upon her knees than on her feet, Died every day she lived. Fare thee well! These evils thou repeat’st upon thyself Have banished me from Scotland.—O my breast, Thy hope ends here!" (4.3.104-115) This quote shows Macduff's struggle to come to terms that there will never be a king that is fit for ruling and bringing peace back to Scotland, because all men have a tendancy for lust. There is nothing he can do about this want for power most men feel, and these men include those that would be in power if Macbeth was to be murdered. He cares about his country of Scotland so much that there is no way he will ever feel safe in the country again because of the power hungery men that could potentially be ruling Scotland.

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In this scene Macduff and Malcom are in England talking with one another. They are talking about their feeling towards Macbeth and they both view his as a tyrant. Malcolm however feels that Macduff will sacrifice him to Macbeth because he things Macduff still has ties with the king. Malcolm then talks about how bad of a ruler he would be if he killed Macbeth, because he would make Macbeth look good because he would become so power hungry that nothing would be able to subside that hunger. Macduff then says he is not fit to be king because the country will never regain peace, and he fears for Scotland now knowing what would be coming. Malcolm says that the king stories he was telling were lies to get to trust Macduff, and he says he is very pure. King Edward is about to come out to "cure" a crowd of sick people by touching them and the sickness is evil and gets rid of it by gifts sent down from heaven. Ross then enters and lets Macduff know that his wife and children were killed and Macduff wants to quite his grief over their death by fighting Macbeth. Malcolm says he sounds like a man and encourages him to go and see King Edward to get the army from him so that they can go and kill Macbeth sooner.

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Gentle Women: "Why, it stood by her. She has light by her continually. 'Tis her command." (5.1.22-23) This quote shows duality because while Lady Macbeth is both awake and asleep she demands that she has a candle on her at all time. The candle represents peace and a protective bubble for Lady Macbeth to always be around to ward off the dark and evil thoughts held in her conscious and guilt, that brings her nightmares.

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A doctor and the woman that helps Lady Macbeth is talking because the woman is experiencing Lady Macbeth sleep walk, but the doctor hasn't seen anything. The doctor says it's unnatural and asks if she says anything, but the woman says that she is unable to repeat it. Lady Macbeth then enters and is holding a candle, and the doctor asks why she has a candle. The woman says that she requests to have a candle with her to ward off the evil and keep her protected. Lady Macbeth then starts saying for the blood to come off her hands by rubbing them together, but the evidence isn't "coming off". Lady Macbeth then goes to bed and the doctor says that she needs a priest more than a doctor because the real guilt is confessed while people sleep.

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Angus: "Now does he feel His secret murders sticking on his hands. Now minutely revolts upbraid his faith-breach. Those he commands move only in command, Nothing in love. Now does he feel his title Hang loose about him, like a giant’s robe Upon a dwarfish thief." (5.2.16-22) This quote shows a simile because they are talking about how all of Macbeth's murders are catching up to him, and how he doesn't have any loyal followers because they are all afraid of him. The role of king does not fit him because he is not respected by anyone and he can not run the kingdom correctly because he is too paranoid. He is a dwarf compared to what the role of a king should be which is to be brave and protect your people at all costs, which is the opposite of Macbeth because all her cares about is himself.

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The scene opens up with the English army advancing towards Macbeth's castle led by Malcolm. The men that are talking say that they will meet them near Birnam Wood and that Donalbain is not with Malcolm to fight against Macbeth. They say that Macbeth is fortifying his castle and has soldiers that are following orders because they are afraid, and he is not fit for a king because he is too paranoid and is hated. They are going to meet Malcolm and the doctor to cure Scotland, and Lennox is willing to sacrifice all of his blood to get Malcolm to become the king and take the throne from Macbeth.

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Macbeth: "Seyton!—I am sick at heart, When I behold—Seyton, I say!—This push Will cheer me ever, or disseat me now. I have lived long enough... Bring the armor and follow me. I will not be afraid of death and destruction until Birnam forest picks itself up and moves to Dunsinane." (5.3.20-62) We learn that Macbeth has gone completely crazy so his mental state is very far gone so he is very indecisive. This shows through this scene because at first he wants the armor on because he is scared for his life since he knows that this battle is a life or death situation and he feels that he was never able to live a happy life because he never had love or family so he wants protection. After a while though his decision changes because he becomes over confident and remembers that he doesn't have to worry until the two forests come together, so he wants the armor off. He seems to switch between being brave and being paranoid, which affects his decisions in times of pressure.

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The scene opens with Macbeth talking to himself about how he doesn't want to hear anything else about the English army because he shouldn't be afraid of Malcolm since he was born from a woman. The servant enters and tells Macbeth that there are ten thousand soldiers, and Macbeth makes fun of him for being scared and tells him to get rid of the white face and go away. After the servant leaves Macbeth becomes scared and asks for the Seyton to come and put on his armor because he knows that this battle will either be the end of him or he will continue to reign on. The doctor then enters and Macbeth asks what is wrong with her but the doctor says she is not sick but she only has a troubled mind. Macbeth wants the doctor to use a drug to get rid of the scary thoughts but the doctor says that she must heal herself. Macbeth then asks if he has any medicine to heal the entire country of Scotland and return it to the state it was once in, and to keep the English out of the country. The doctor says that preparation for war is all he can do to fix that, but Macbeth is still over confident so he tells the Seyton to carry his armor because he will not be afraid until the two woods meet each other which he believes will never happen.

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Lady Macbeth asks if Banquo has left yet and is informed that he has but will return by tonight. She is reflecting on how she has spent everything but gained nothing and she would rather be the people she has murdered then be unhappy like she is. She notices that Macbeth is unhappy and he tells her it is because he has not killed of his paranoia because even though Duncan is dead he is still worried about Banquo. She tells him to relax and he tells her to give Banquo all of her attention because he needs to become vulnerable enough to kill him. He has all sorts of thoughts driving him crazy because Banquo and Fleance are still alive, so he says that they can be killed and before tonight is over he will do something terrible. He says not to worry about it but that the night is almost there so bad needs make for more bad deeds.

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Malcom: "Let every soldier hew him down a bough And bear ’t before him. Thereby shall we shadow The numbers of our host and make discovery Err in report of us." (5.4.4-7) This is an example of dramatic irony because Macbeth was not worried that the woods would ever come together because trees uprooting and moving is physically impossible. The witches told him not to be fearful until this happens, but the prophecy was worried so that the soldiers would be the ones that would move the "forest" by hiding behind branches, but Macbeth never saw that as an option because he took the prophecy too literally.

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Malcolm and his army is coming up on Macbeth's castle and he tells all of them to grab a branch of the trees in Brinam woods to conceal themselves from the soldiers guarding the castle. They say that the soldiers are fighting with Macbeth because they are forced to and scared, but Macduff wants to fight like strong soldiers until the end. The Siward says that they must keep moving because the only way that this war will be settled is with violence, so they must not stop and think about it for too long.

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"She would have died later anyway. That news was bound to come someday. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow. The days creep slowly along until the end of time. And every day that’s already happened has taken fools that much closer to their deaths. Out, out, brief candle. Life is nothing more than an illusion. It’s like a poor actor who struts and worries for his hour on the stage and then is never heard from again. Life is a story told by an idiot, full of noise and emotional disturbance but devoid of meaning." (5.5.18-28) Macbeth has become so heartless and so hopeless that he is now no longer sad by anything bad that happens around him. His wife has just killed herself and says how she should have been dead at a later time, but life is just a fast performance that nobody will remember after you left so everything that is worried about doesn't matter because life doesn't even matter in the end. This shows how far he's come and is pretty much emotionless other than the evil that has grown since he has killed so many people.

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This act with Macbeth talking to himself about how the castle is so protected that they would starve before they would break in. His wife then screams and he says that horror no longer bothers him since he is constantly surrounded by horror and that is all what fills his heart. He is then informed that his wife is dead but is not sad about it because life is meaningless since it is so short and no one will remember anything after they are gone. The messenger then enters and says that the forest is beginning to move, but Macbeth calls him a liar and that he will hang him if he is lying. Macbeth the talks to himself and he is becoming nervous because the woods are moving and that was when he was told to worry so he must prepare for battle.

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Macbeth: "Thou wast born of woman. But swords I smile at, weapons laugh to scorn,

Brandished by man that’s of a woman born." (5.7.12-14) This shows that Macbeth is still being tricked into over confidence which is what Hecate wanted because even though one of the aparitions came true with the tree moving, he still had more to hold onto because he was told not to fear anyone that was born from a woman. He sees this as never happening because everyone has a mother they are born from, so he believes he is capable of anything since he is fearless.

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Macbeth is talking to himself saying that the only person he should fear is the man not born from a woman, and then the Young Siward enters. He asks what his name is and Macbeth tells him but Siward says that he will use his sword to fight against him to show that he is not afraid. They fight and Macbeth kills the young Siward and says that he laughs at every man with a sword because every man was born from a woman. Macduff then enters and tells Macbeth to come and fight him because if he doesn't kill Macbeth then his wife and children's ghost will haunt him forever. The Siward then says that the castle has surrendered because the soldiers fighting for Macbeth are fighting for both sides and are fighting weakly.

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Lit Device: Technique/Irony (Situational) 

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Lit Device: Technique/Irony (Situational) 

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"Despair thy charm, And let the angel whom thou still hast served

Tell thee, Macduff was from his mother’s womb Untimely ripped." (5.8.13-16) While the witches did tell Macbeth that no man born of a woman will kill you only one that wasn't, they were very clever with how they worded it. Macbeth was so confident that this would never come true because everyone has a mother, but it was all in how you took it because there are cesections where babies are ripped out of the womb before they are naturally born, which means they were born from a woman, so Macbeth was tricked into thinking that no man would not be born of a woman.

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Macduff and Macbeth meet each other and Macbeth tells him to go away since he was the only man he was avoiding and already killed his whole family. They fight but Macbeth says that he is wasting his time because Macbeth is kept safe since he believes Macduff was born from a woman, so he is not scared. Macduff then says that he was not naturally born but instead taken out of the womb and then Macbeth says that the witches tricked him into having courage only to destroy it so he doesn't want to fight Macduff anymore. Macbeth however does not want to surrender and be taunted for the rest of his life so he says he will fight till the end and they fight but Macbeth is killed by Macduff. Malcolm is talking to the Siward that he wishes everyone survived, but the Siward says that some people must die in order for the victory to happen. They then realize that Macduff and the young siward are missing but the young siward is dead but proved he was a man by fighting like one. The Siward asks if his wounds were on his front of back and he is happy because his son fought like a man instead of running away in terror. Macduff then comes in with Macbeth's head on his sword and says that they are free from his rule and that Malcolm is now the king of Scotland. Malcolm starts saying what he will do now that he is king and he will first bring back everyone that ran away and fix all of the wrongs Macbeth has made with his wife, who we learn has committed suicide. He then invited everyone that has fought to come and see him get crowned King.

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The scene opens with the two murderers talking and a third murderer enters saying that Macbeth told him to join them. Banquo then answers asking for some light so he can see where he is going and the first murderer says that he can hear the horses going to the stables and the third murderer says that he always walks up to the castle. The murderers attack Banquo and while he is dying he tells Fleance to run away so that he can get revenge for his father's death. The light goes out and Fleance is able to escape so they must go tell Macbeth that they killed Banquo but let his son get away.