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3210.1.7Predict the movement of water and other molecules across selectively permeable membranes.

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3210.1.7Predict the movement of water and other molecules across selectively permeable membranes.

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It will move by diffusion, osmosis, or active transport.

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Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion & Active Transport: Movement across the Cell Membrane

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3210.1.6Determine the relationship between cell growth and cell reproduction.

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3210.1.6Determine the relationship between cell growth and cell reproduction.

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Normal and abnormally large and small post-telophase amoebae produced by unequal division were weighed on the Cartesian diver balance, and the subsequent generation times for these cells were recorded. Growth curves by weight for a large post-telophase cell and a small post-telophase cell were also determined. A large cell grows more slowly but still has a shorter than normal generation time. A small cell grows more rapidly and divides later than the normal. In all cases the post-telophase cells reach the normal division size at the next division, and a pre-division period of “no growth” is always apparent. As cell size increases, the growth rate drops.

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Mitosis: Splitting Up is Complicated - Crash Course Biology #12

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3210.1.5Identify how enzymes control chemical reactions in the body.

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3210.1.5Identify how enzymes control chemical reactions in the body.

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they lower the reaction time.

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3210.1.4Identify positive tests for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

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3210.1.4Identify positive tests for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

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carbohydrates-  benedicts and yellow/orange/   green
lipids- sudan 4 and reddish orange and clumps
proteins- biuret and violet

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This is a high school science laboratory that teaches how to test for the presence of macromolecules in everyday food substances.

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3210.1.3Distinguish among proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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3210.1.3Distinguish among proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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Carbohydrates consist of single-sugar units called monosaccharides, double-monosaccharide units known as disaccharides and multiple-monosaccharide molecules that make up starches. The predominant purpose of the carbohydrates you eat is to provide fuel to your cells. Disaccharides and starches undergo digestion to reduce them to their individual sugars, and, once absorbed, they travel to the cells and tissues throughout your body to power your physical activities. A special type of carbohydrate, known as fiber, passes through your gut undigested. While fiber doesn’t provide you with cellular energy, it improves your digestive health by regulating your bowel function.

ProteinsThe building blocks that make up proteins are called amino acids. Proteins consist of 20 different amino acids, mixed and matched to create a vast array of larger molecules that support every process in your body. Digestion of protein results in a pool of single amino acids that your cells incorporate into new proteins as the need arises in your body. These molecules make up muscles and organs, transmit signals between cells, constitute immune molecules, help create the new proteins your tissues require and can serve as a fuel source in a pinch.

LipidsUnlike the other macromolecules, lipids are not soluble in water, and they don’t form long sequences made up of similar or repeating smaller units. The fats you consume are molecules called triglycerides, consisting of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. The chemical nature of the fatty acids contained within the lipid determines its physical characteristics. For instance, a fatty acid that is saturated with as many hydrogen atoms as it can hold is solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid. These macromolecules store energy within fat tissue, and they cushion your internal organs against trauma. They also form the structure of cell membranes and contribute to the synthesis of hormones.

Nucleic Acids Your cells contain two types of nucleic acids, ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid, or RNA and DNA, respectively. They differ from the other macronutrients in that they are not a source of calories in your diet, and their role is strictly to direct the synthesis of new protein molecules. Made up of units called nucleotides, the nucleic acid DNA contains the genetic blueprint that influences your personal characteristics, while the nucleic acid RNA pulls together amino acids to form new proteins as your cells need them.

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Eukaryotic cells are much bigger than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus bound by a double membrane. It contains the DNA-related functions of the large cell in a smaller enclosure to ensure close proximity of materials and increased efficiency for cellular communication and functions.

In contrast, the smaller prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The materials are already fairly close to each other and there is only a "nucleoid" which is the central open region of the cell where the DNA is located.

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3210.1.8Compare and contrast active and passive transport.

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3210.1.8Compare and contrast active and passive transport.

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Differences: Passive Transport (or Diffusion) moves ions from high concentration to low, using no metabolic energy. Active Transport moves ions from low concentration to high, using metabolic energy in the form of ATP. ... Both use ion channels to move ions across the cell membrane, in or out of the cell.Movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient. It goes from high to low concentration, in order to maintain equilibrium in the cells. Does not require cellular energy.

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3210.1.1Identify the cellular organelles associated with major cell processes.

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3210.1.1Identify the cellular organelles associated with major cell processes.

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nucleus: control center
nucleolus: makes ribosomes
chloroplast: makes food
vacuole: storage
mitochondria: powerhouse
ribosomes: makes proteins
lysosomes: cleans the cell
cell membrane: allows things in and out of the cell
cell wall: provide structure to the cell
rough ER: transportation, w/ ribosomes
smooth ER- transportation w/out ribosomes
golgi bodies- package prot