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Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism.The toxin is also used commercially in medicine, cosmetics and research.

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Botox                                  Also called: Botulinum toxin type A

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Botox                                  Also called: Botulinum toxin type A

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Botox is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It's the same toxin that causes a life-threatening type of food poisoning called botulism.

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Botox is the trade name for the medical derivative of the botulinum toxin. While botulinum toxin is the most potent neurotoxin known to man, botox is commonly used cosmetically

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Amide

Amine

Anti-Wrinkle Agent

Antidystonic Agent

Bacterial Toxin

Natural Compound

Neuromuscular Blocking Agent

Organic Compound

Protein

Shigella Toxin

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Animation is about the mode of action of botulinum toxin type A (aka BOTOX). ©2014 Lindsey Pionek Designs www.lindseypionekdesigns.com

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PropertyValueMelting Point : Not Available
Boiling Point : Not Available
Solubility : >10 mg/mL
LogP : Not Available

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C₆₇₆₀H₁₀₄₄₇N₁₇₄₃O₂₀₁₀S₃₂

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There is more than one type of botulinum toxin. Different strains of the bacteria produce eight distinct neurotoxins. All eight types have a similar molecular weight and structure, consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain joined by a disulfide bond (most publications recognize only seven types; there are eight if the subtypes of C, C₁ and C₂, are counted as separate types). All eight types act in a similar manner. Only types A, B, E and F are known to cause botulism in humans. The toxin is heat labile and can be destroyed if heated at 80 C (175 F) for 10 minutes or longer although the CDC recommends boiling for 10 minutes or longer.

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Treatment effects
When people make facial expressions, the 50 pairs of muscles that hook into the skin of the face contract and bend the skin, causing folding at the weakest spots .Over time, skin loses the collagen that makes it elastic, and permanent grooves can form in those spots, causing frown or smile lines. Botox smooths these wrinkles by preventing facial muscle contraction.

Botox takes three to four hours to bind to acetylcholine receptors. The drug's effects wear off, and treatments need to be done every three to six months, likely because the body is able to break down the toxin and re-establish nerve transmission.

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Botox can cause pain, swelling and bruising at the injection site. Areas with more blood vessels,  have a higher risk of bruising.If the injection is placed improperly or with the wrong dosing, Botox can migrate through blood vessels to other locations and cause crooked facial expressions, including a lopsided smile or droopy eyelids, "which can make somebody look very tired or like they've just had a stroke," Newman said.
However, studies suggest that only 2 percent of Botox treatments in the face lead to droopy eyelids, and plastic surgeons can often remedy the disturbing look by paralyzing other facial muscles to restore a more normal look.

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Development

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Who and How?

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Medical uses for botulinum toxin include:

Migraine headache.

Neuralgia.

Spasticity (involuntary muscle tightening).

Excessive sweating.

Overactive bladder.

Eye twitching.

Teeth grinding.