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isotonic muscle contraction

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isometric muscle contraction

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Eccentric muscle contraction

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isotonic: A muscular contraction in which the muscle lengthens or shortens . for example a push up, pull up, barbell press, lunge and deal lift.

this is the most popular as it is used in all sporting movements

when you do a push up the muscle that lengthens would be your biceps when you push up

the pros of this type of contraction is that it is a low risk of injury as it only is a postion hold over a fixed time this means you wont hurt your self

the cons of this type of contraction is that you will not build muscle mass by this action.

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Occurs when a muscle returns to its normal length after shortening against a resistance.

Disadvantages-
- Can produce muscle soreness and injuries.
- Muscle sore and muscle tissue damage.

Advantages-
- Contracts whilst working.
- can also contract whilst working against gravity, making it easier to move the working muscles.

E.g. When kicking a ball your hamstring shortens and contracts, then when the leg extends the hamstring relaxes and lengthens.

E.g. When doing a bicep curl the bicep shortens when moving towards the body whilst contracting and the tricep lengthens whilst relaxing. as the arm moves away from the body the bicep then lengthens but is still doing a different type of contraction whilst the tricep shortens.

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concentric muscle contraction -

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Concentric muscle contraction is also known as the positive phase of contraction, and it is the most common type of contraction used.  It occurs when the ngth of a muscle shortens during a contraction. It occurs when

Concentric muscle contraction improves muscle strength and endurance, however a disadvantage is that there is overuse caused at the joint. Another advantage is that because the muscle is always working, it works the full range of movement.

Sporting examples where concentric muscle contraction is used are...

Kicking a ball in football - in preparation to kick the ball the quadriceps contract, when executing the kick the hamstring contracts.

Shooting in netball - when catching the ball the triceps contract, however when you release the ball after the shot the bicep contracts.

Hitting the ball in tennis - in preparation the elbow joint extends, when hitting the ball the elbow joint flexes then during the follow up of the hit the elbow joint extends again.

High dive in swimming - in preparation for the high dive, the rectus abdominal's and the obliques contract causing flexion at the hips.

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- When a isometric contraction occurs, the length of the muscle doesn't change.
- Also, the joint angle doesn't alter.

Pros in training:
- Delevops isometric endurance in muscles.
- The ismoetric muscle contraction also strengthens at the contracting angle.

Cons in training:
-The isometric muscle contraction is easily used but is very quick to fatigue
- Hard working but for small periods of time.
- Moderate amount of hard work for a longer period of time.

EG when in a plank, the muscles contract n the abdominals and pectorals and then they'd delevop and increase endurance at the angle of plank.

EG when you do a bicep curl, the isometric will work hard to a certain point but as it's easily fatigued it'll get to a certain point where it won't be able to work and you'll be unable to complete the curl.

EG An example of an isometric contraction would be holding a weight in front of you. The weight of the object would be pulling downward, but your hands and arms would be opposing the motion with equal force going upwards. As your arm isn't moving your bicep will be isometrically contracting which means depending on the weight, the amount of time you'll be able to hold the weight for.
EG when you do a squat, the quads will have a isometric contraction as the muscles aren't moving but you can feel your quads working