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The contrast of their relationship with 'pieds noirs' in Algeria against how they were treated upon arrival in France- look into propaganda of how this movement was sold to the men, dreams vs reality

Men being reduced to products- loss of identity. Medical tests in order to determine their possible contribution to the French society- Red/green stamps, could be sent home if they weren't fit enough.

Living conditions

French lessons- men were required to have a certain level of literacy so that they could read the instructions in the factories. This was done with France's intentions in mind, rather than the integration of the men.

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Benguigui 'deliberately' rejects or minimises the material that might be divisive to the audience. She avoids topics such as religion (Islam), the historical context of immigration (the Algerian War), as well as violence and disturbances in the banlieue and the differences within the community. Instead the documentary presents 'the acceptable face of immigration' of 'lonely, worn-out old men, brave warm-hearted old women, and valiant, successful beurs'. This seems to be at odds with what Benguigui wants to present as an honest representation of life for immigrants and second-generation immigrants. Perhaps it was done in order to be accepted into French society and the controversial topics had to be toned down in order to be more palatable for the audience.

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Although she uses both the immigrant and government points of view, Benguigui uses camera angles to add emotion to the documentary, beginning with long/medium shots, followed by close ups and even extreme close ups during emotional moments. According to Durmelat 'this play on distance cues the emotion and support of the audience'.
The audience cannot miss the tears that are shed in the documentary because the camera always closes up on the face of the victimised people, reminding the viewer that some policies impacted real people. Due to the lack of integration between immigrants and the wider French society, the French-born audience may never have considered this impact until viewing the film, prompting letters to Benguigui describing the 'honte' they had to be 'un peuple qui a fait ca'.

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Social Impact - maybe in the introduction of the presentation?

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Social Impact - maybe in the introduction of the presentation?

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Benguigui uses both immigrants and French government officials in the documentary which shows the reality of the situation and is an attempt to show objectivity - the interviews from the French officials are often contrasting to the immigrants' recollections of what happened when they came to France. This has an impact on how the audience view the documentary because it shows 'both sides of the story' and includes interviews from experts from the government, personal accounts from the immigrants as well as archival footage to add to the validity of the documentary.

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Are the children integrated?
Claire Bourget explains that through Bengugui’s documentary, it counters the stereotype of unassimilated children of immigrant origin by showing that, by and large, they are integrated and that one of the last steps is for France to recognise that. = Debatable - still exists stereotypes/discrimination that has an effect on the daily lives of youth from 'immigrant' families in contemporary France.

Link to Lizzey social impact: France's shame after viewing the documentary- how much has really changed?

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'Les Enfants' is the most pessimistic out of the three parts:

Although they did not take part in immigration per se, they are still the most pessimistic out of the three. This is because they find it impossible to find their place in French society. It seems that the children in ‘Les Enfants’ still feel an affinity with their ethnic heritage, but their mentalities and ideals have been formed to a large extent by their Republican education. The interviews here reflect the power of French schools to serve as vehicle’s for both integration and professional success. However, if we look at a wider context, this documentary suggests that for children and grandchildren of immigrants, success in one’s education is no longer enough, if it ever was, to guarantee professional success. This is because the majority of minority ethnic young people continue to be victims of social exclusion. In particularly, particular, discriminatory practices and personal prejudices during the hiring process greatly decrease the chances that minority-ethnic young people will obtain employment. So, why they may be essentially integrated with thanks to the educational system, this doesn’t mean that the stereotypes and labels that have been imposed in them will then vanish when they move on into the professional world. Without a doubt young professionals with an ethnic minority heritage will experience more workplace discrimination that others.

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The children have little to zero knowledge on their parents history:

We witness that the children and grandchildren have little to no knowledge of their family histories. Our collective cultural and political history contribute an integral part of our identity so if the children lack this absence of their history, does this mean that their ethnic origin as a North-African is demolished?

The parents, especially the fathers, were unwilling to communicate their experiences to their children. The reasons for this was due to the humiliation they suffered, their fear of being exposed and expelled and also the ever-present ‘mythe du retour’. The immigrant experience is often involuntary but a necessary exile for these workers, and so the cultural norms just do not encourage this type of communication. However, this doesn’t mean that because the children are unaware of their historical background that they can be considered ‘French’. This essentially gives them a tear between their two identities.  Alice research into this.

The dual identity of growing up as a French citizen but still experiencing stereotypes and discrimination that make you feel ‘out of place’ along with your family not teaching you about your North African heritage can make you feel split. Where do you belong? You have no history of your family heritage; you don’t feel French because of your skin colour – it leaves you in a position where you cannot possibly integrate because you’re stuck between two identities.

Link to Lizzeys section on social impact: how the release of the film has given each a group a voice to tell their story. Without having to speak with their children directly, the parents can share their story in a comfortable, non judging environment.

Children are described as birds without wings.

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Benefits gained through their integration into society:

Mekia Gomri and Aldjia Bouachera gained freedom in France, able to do what they wanted and go where they liked.

After 12 years of being abused by her husband, Yamina Baba Aissa left her husband, finally gaining the right to speak, along with a new life and the chance to discover who she was. She took her freedom and gave it to her children, making sure that they aren't treated in the way that she was (For example, she was forced to marry her husband)

Rabera and Zohrra Flissi speak about their working life as a positive experience which gave them independence and the opportunity to build a better life for their children.

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Education:

The Magrebi women frequently talk about their lack of education in both France and Algeria, which of course has acted as a detrimental factor regarding their efforts to integrate into French society, as well as impacting their relationship with their children through the creation of a language barrier. This lack of education is contrasted against the interview with Isabelle Massin, who was in charge of suppressing unsanitary housing from 1974-1976. She explains that the men were integrated into society through work, children through their school, and therefore the women needed some form educated integration. However instead of enabling the women to better their position through studies, they were educated on how to create a 'French family.' The explications included how to correctly raise their children in the 'french way', how to clean the house, use the kitchen ect. This assimilation required the women to lose all Algerian habits in order to meet the expectations of french society and fulfil the contract of the HLM housing. Khira states that due to the fact she never attended school in Algeria or France, she remained dum, with France's inability to recognise the importance of creating this opportunity for the Algerian women isolating them from the rest of the french society. (L.K. Kemp)

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Virtual Homes: Space and Memory in the Work of Yamina Benguigui by Isabelle McNeill: https://muse.jhu.edu/article/421912

Mothers, daughters, and the transmission of memory in documentaries directed by women of Maghrebi origin in france by Leslei Kealhofer-Kemp: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1386/sfc.13.3.227_1

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The women's account's VS the interviews with state representatives:

This juxtaposition of power, views and intentions enables the viewer to make direct comparisons between what the state believed they were doing, and the reality of the impact of their decisions on the female immigrants (L.K. Kemp)

The integration of black and white photos of Magrebi women in French shanty towns further emphasises the dire situation these women were forced into, as well as creating the idea of collective memory, once again drawing similarities between the womens' experiences (L.K. Kemp)

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The power of music:

The use of an Algerian soundtrack- A song with an emotional set of lyrics, describing the beauty of the country that has been left behind, the memories of this previous life and the desire to one day return to Algeria. The combination of this song alongside the images of the women's past and present lives tells the story of the women's efforts to integrate into society, mirroring the mental struggle created by their decision to stay in France against their love of Algeria. Furthermore it gives the women a common voice, suggesting that, although the women of course lived their own unique lives, they also shared corresponding experiences and overcame similar problems (L.K. Kemp)

The role of music in the life of Khira- She relies heavily on music to keep her company during the lonely hours of housekeeping.She specifically mentions a french singer, who's lyrics romanticise her home country of Algeria. The fact that it is a french artist (pied noir) singing this song which was also popular in France, illustrates her desire to bridge the gap between the two countrys, cultures and identities, suggesting that she has been able to successfully integrate to a certain extent, without having to lose all of her roots through complete assimilation (McNeill)