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GROUP : BIOBRATES
1. Alyaa Syairah bt Johan 131248
2. Radin Suhartini Rahayu binti Radin Sudar Sono 129989
3. Siti Nur Najihah binti Yahaya 12999
4. Aina Mahfuzah binti Mohd Ali Khan  131634
5. Aqilah Hanani binti Mohd Razani 129931

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Nervous and Digestive system  for Chondrichthyes

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Nervous and Digestive system  for Chondrichthyes

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GROUP : NINJA TORTOISES
Group members:

1. Ng Kok Leong (130215)

2. Huang Lee Jin (130181)

3. Jalilatul Nikdar binti Mustapa (130183)

4. Nurdiyana binti Mohamad Nor Azman (129978)

5. Siti Soffia binti Mohamad Zaini (130244)

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Nervous System &Digestive System of Chondrichthyes

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GROUP NAME : PANTHERA TIGRIS

GROUP MEMBERS :
Nur Aqillah binti Ibrahim                       (131640)
Siti Nor Idayu binti Masri                      (129995)
Siti Suriati bt Abd Wahid                       (131271)
Ummu Fatin Maghfirah bt Mohd         (131272)
Muhamad Ammar Amzar bin Azman (120566)

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Circulatory System and Reproductive Ecology of Chondricthyes

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Circulatory System and Reproductive Ecology of Chondricthyes

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Group Name: Mighty Chondria

Group Members:

Joachim Lee Ming Jiun(130184)

Nur Solehatunnisaa Bt Wakimin (130228)

Masturina Bt Shahruddin (131298)

Fatin Nabila Bt Abdullah (130175)

Noranis Shahida Bt Shahidan (130219)

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MIGHTY CHONDRIA-CIRCULATORY & REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF CHONDRICTHYES

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Group Name : DEVONIAN
Group Members :
NUR SYUHADA BT ABU TALIB 131263

NADIA AQILAH BT AZWARI 130210

HANIS BINTI AJHAR 130177

XU YUXIANG 127324

NUR AQILA BT MAZUPI  129964

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Group Name : Complex Chordate
Group Members :
Khor Sher Lynn 129949
Mira Hazwani Mat Saad 129950
Hariz Hamizan Bin Zulkifli 129944
Nurul Huda Binti Sobhi 129987
Nur Juhaidah Binti Osman 129974

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Group Name : Zoo Borg
Group Members :
Mohamad Shakir Zufayri Bin Sabdin (131257)
Muhammad Farid Amirin Bin Shariffudin (129954)
Ummu 'Atiyyah Binti Mohamed Talhah (127518)
Syafiqa Naquiah Binti Saharuddin (130003)
Hong Zijia (129945)

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Group Name : Amazing Vertebrate
Group Members :
Imran Bin Mohd Hornain (129946)
Muhammad Hanafi Bin Mohd Azmi
(129955)
Kandamani a/p Rem
(129948)
Tan Siew Heng
(P-BM0005/17(R))
Norzarifah Ahmad
(129961)

Ecology :
• Most diverse of the cartilaginous fishes with about 600 species worldwide.

• Most are cosmopolitan distribution, preferring tropical and subtropical environment.

• Most lives on the sea floor, mainly in coastal waters although some live in deep waters.

• A few species like manta rays, live in open sea and a few live in freshwater, while some batoids can live in brackish bays and estuaries.

Morphology :
• Vary greatly in size with some having wingspan of 6m (manta ray) to some the size of a person’s hand (skates).

• Flattened body with broad pectoral fins which resembles a disc.

• Reduced dorsal and caudal fins.

• Eyes and spiracles are located on top of the head.

• Lack of analysis fin.

• Specialized teeth for crushing prey.
• Have 5 ventral slot-like body opening called gill slits that lie under pectoral fins.

• Have boneless skeleton made of a tough, elastic substance (cartilaginous marine fished)

• Have ventrally-oriented mouth.

• Breath by taking water in through the spiracles.

• Jaws have euhyostylic type suspension, which relies completely on hymanolibular cartilages for support and jaws are completely decoupled from cranium.

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Group Name : POPPY
Group Members:
Noor Elyana Bt Che Sopa (129958)
Noor Hidayati Syafiqah Bt Salleh (129959)
Nur Izzati Husna Bt Mohd Athos (129973)
Nur Aliah Bt Mohamad Johari (131260)
Siti Aisyah Binti Mahadher (129994)
Vincent Teoh Yong Jian (134716)

Ecology:

Sharks are top predator, they shape marine ecosystem.

Sharks are slow growing and maturing with low reproductive capacity.

Sharks are considered the apex predator of coral reefs.

Sharks can exert non-consumptive or ‘fear’ effects that disrupt the foraging of potential prey.

Sharks have adapted to inhabit a wide range of niches in every ocean and sea around the world.

Species occupying the highest trophic level in a food web.

Play a particularly important role in maintaining the diversity, function and health of an ecosystem.

Sharks tend to fall into two main groups; open water (pelagic) species, such as Basking Sharks, Shortfin Mako and Blue Sharks, and bottom-dwelling (demersal) species, such as angelsharks and wobbegongs.

Morphology:

Large, long and very powerful selachian fish.

It is viviparous.

The skeleton of a shark is mainly made of cartilage.

Most sharks have eight fins: a pair of pectoral fins, a pair of pelvic fins, two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and a caudal fin.

The tail of a shark consists of the caudal peduncle and the caudal fin, which provide the main source of thrust for the shark.

Most sharks have heterocercal caudal fins, meaning that the backbone extends into the (usually longer) upper lobe.

Sharks have a complex dermal corset made of flexible collagenous fibres and arranged as a helical network surrounding their body works as an outer skeleton.

Sharks have a four chambered heart.

Sharks have a single-circuit circulatory system.

Sharks extract oxygen from water as it passes over their gills.

Most sharks also have an accessory respiratory opening called a spiracle behind their eyes.

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Group Name: Wartortle

Group members:
Chee Min Hui (130169)
Nurshazwani Binti Mohamad Nasir (129983)
Roosyidah Binti Zakaria (129991)
Tan Jeanne Ywei (130245)
Tong Fei Shan (130253)

Ecology:

1. Opportunistic feeders

hunting cuttlefishes, squids,
small sharks, and other
fishes

2. Found in their deep reef and

volcanic slope habitats.
3. Anjouan Island & Grande
Comore
provide ideal underwater cave
habitats for coelacanths.
4. During the daytime,
coelacanths will rest in caves
anywhere from 100 to 500
meters deep
5. Nocturnal piscivores
6. "passive drift feeders"
transported slowly by
currents with only minimal
self-propulsion, eating
whatever prey is encountered
7. show panic flight reactions
when approached by foreign
potential predator
8. Most likely prey to large deep
water predators.

Morphology
-Four fleshy fins which extend away from its body like legs and move in an alternating pattern, like a trotting horse.

- a hinged joint in the skull which allows the fish to widen its mouth for large prey

- a large internal organ  filled with low-density lipids, reducing the fish's overall density in much the same way as a shark's liver does

- a short intestine with spiral valve-like internal partitions, increasing absorptive area

- a shark-like pituitary gland

- ovoviviparous parturition which includes formation of a pseudoplacenta at a late stage of development, as in carcharhinid sharks

- a jelly-filled gland under the nasal cartilage that is served by numerous sensory nerves and may enable the Coelacanth to detect electromagnetic fields

-an electrosensory rostral organ in its snout likely used to detect prey.

-retain an oil-filled notochord, a hollow , pressurized tube that serves as a backbone