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The Renaissance means "reborn", and it started in Italy. It promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art.

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The Bubonic Plague is also called the Black Death. It wiped out one-third of the population in Europe, and even was spread to Asian.

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Ming Dynasty was after the reign of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. It was also the last dynasty that was ruled by Han Chinese.

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The Gutenberg Bible was created by Johannes Gutenberg. I was so important because it was the first copy that was made by print press.

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The Sistine Chapel is located at Apostolic Palace that is in the Vatican City State. The art work in the Sistine Chapel was completed by Michelangelo.

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Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas (October 12, 1492) 

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Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas (October 12, 1492) 

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Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who found the Americas. He renamed the island in the Bahamas that he was landed on as San Salvador.

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The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed (June 7, 1494)

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The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed (June 7, 1494)

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The Treaty of Tordesillas was the line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territory that  first defined by Pope Alexander VI. Spain won control of lands  discovered west of the line, while Portugal gained rights to new lands to the east

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The Mona Lisa was painted by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci during the time of the Renaissance. Mona Lisa's mischievous smile makes this painting a legend.

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First enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas (1511)

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First enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas (1511)

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The Portuguese were the first one who enslaved Africans. The arrival of the enslaved Africans in the New World marks a beginning of two and a half centuries of slavery in North America.

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Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (October 31, 1517)

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Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (October 31, 1517)

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Martin Luther's 95 Theses began the Protestant Reformation. The 95 Theses stated that "humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds."

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Hernán Cortés the Spanish conquistador conquers the Aztec empire (1521)

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Hernán Cortés the Spanish conquistador conquers the Aztec empire (1521)

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Hernan Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519, and he conquered the Aztec empire in 1521. After that, he also helped conquered Cuba and became a governor of New Spain.

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Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory (1543

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Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory (1543

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The heliocentric theory states that the sun is the center of the universe. Later, Galileo discovered evidence to support this theory when he observed four moons in orbit around Jupiter.

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Queen Elizabeth takes the throne of England (November 17, 1558)

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Queen Elizabeth takes the throne of England (November 17, 1558)

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After Queen Elizabeth took the throne of England, she restored England to Protestantism. The church under Elizabeth wasmoderately protestant so it kept most people satisfied. She was also moderate in her foreign policy.

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William Shakespeare ( April 1564 - April 23, 1616)

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William Shakespeare ( April 1564 - April 23, 1616)

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William Shakespeare was one of the greatest play writer during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He has written many famous plays in his life, including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth.

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Jamestown was the first successful permanent English settlement in what would become the United State, and it failed because of the disease and the conflict between the colonies and Native Americans.

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The Thirty Year's War was fought in Central Europe. It was a great hit to Germany's economy, and Germany spent two centuries to get recovered.

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The English Civil War was fought between the Parliament and Royalists. It caused the execution of Charles I and the replacement of the throne of his son, Charles II.

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Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, and it was succeeded by the Republic of China. It was a dynasty that ruled by Manchu.

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Kang Xi ( 5 February 1661 – 20 December 1722)

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Kang Xi ( 5 February 1661 – 20 December 1722)

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He was the forth emperor of Qin Dynasty. He was also the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history because of his 61 years of reign.

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Peter the Great (7 May 1682 – 8 February 1725)

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Peter the Great (7 May 1682 – 8 February 1725)

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Peter the Great was the monarchy who put a lot of efforts on the modernization of Russia. He traveled to west Europe and brought ideas and goods in order to establish Russia as a good nation.

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Isaac Newton publishes “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity (1687)

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Isaac Newton publishes “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity (1687)

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Isaac Newton is considered one of the most important scientists in history because his establishing of the universal laws of motion and gravity molded our studying in modern world. It was a remarkable moment that inspired many other scientists' investigations.

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The revolution is called the Glorious Revolution because it achieved its objective without any bloodshed, and it placed the Parliament in power.

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Qian Long's (11 October 1735 - 8 February 1796)

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Qian Long's (11 October 1735 - 8 February 1796)

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He was regard as the last great emperor of China. Qian Long is the forth son of Yongzhen emperor.

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The French and Indian War is also named the Seven Years' War, and it was the war between British and French. The British won the war and they took control of the lands that had been claimed by France. As a result, France lost its mainland possessions to North America.

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The Old Regime was the social and political system of France. The citizens were divided into three social classes, or estates: Clergy, nobility, and bourgeoisie.

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Congress approves the final text of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

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Congress approves the final text of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

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The Declarations was actually signed at August 2, 1776. It states that “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness….”

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The Federalists promised to add a bill of rights to the Constitution, and this promise cleared the way for approval. Congress formally added to the Constitution the ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights.

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George Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. President. (April 30, 1789)

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George Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. President. (April 30, 1789)

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At April 30, 1789, George Washington took the oath as the first president of the United States. The oath was administered by Robert R. Livingston, at the second floor of Federal Hall.

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Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) 

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Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) 

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The Storming of the Bastille is celebrated as a French national holiday is because it was the turning point of the French Revolution. It is so important because is also the eventual fall of the French monarchy.

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King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine (January 21, 1793)

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King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine (January 21, 1793)

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The Convention found Louis XIV guilty and voted him to death. On January 21, 1793, the former king walked with calm dignity up the steps of the scaffold to be beheaded.

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The Reign of Terror is he time period during the rule of the dictator, Maximilien Robespierre. It was ended with the death of Robespierre in 1794.

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Maximilien Robespierre beheaded by the Guillotine (July 28, 1794)

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Maximilien Robespierre beheaded by the Guillotine (July 28, 1794)

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The ironic about Robespierre was beheaded by the Guillotine was the dictation of his reign. The death of Maximilien Robespierre was the end of the Reign of Terror.

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Revolution and Independence in Haiti (January 1, 1804) 

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Revolution and Independence in Haiti (January 1, 1804) 

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Haiti is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force, and the Haitian Revolution was the only successful revolt in modern world. It was led by Toussaint Louverture.

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Napoleon crowned Emperor of France (December 2, 1804)

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Napoleon crowned Emperor of France (December 2, 1804)

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In Notre Dame Cathedral, Napoleon was crowned to be Napoleon I. He started his ruling of a dictator and an ambitious military leader, therefore, his victories of the battles in Europe helped him found the huge but unstable French Empire.

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The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire (May 25, 1807)

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The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire (May 25, 1807)

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The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire due to the change of economy interests. More than 800,000 enslaved Africans in the Caribbean and South Africa were freed.

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Ludwig van Beethoven composes his famous Ninth Symphony (1822-1824)

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Ludwig van Beethoven composes his famous Ninth Symphony (1822-1824)

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The Romantic was unique because of the interest in the common man and childhood, the strong senses, emotions, and feelings and the importance of imagination.

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Charles Darwin publishes theory of evolution (1859)

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Charles Darwin publishes theory of evolution (1859)

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Darwin's theory is that "that organisms with the strongest and most desirable characteristics are best able to survive and reproduce." The theory was first formulated in Darwin's book called On the Origin of Species.

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Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister (1862)

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Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister (1862)

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This stature derives from his contribution to the creation and shaping of the modern German state as Prussian minister president and imperial chancellor from 1862 to 1890.

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Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables (1862)

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Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables (1862)

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Victor Hugo was born in a town in France called Besacon. Les Miserables was actually published twenty years after it was finished.

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Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."