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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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5 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard.

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A line is a mark with more length than width. Lines can be horizontal, Vertical or diagonal.

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Shape is the result of closed lines, they are two dimensional and flat.

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Creates visual contrast, direct attention and evoke mood.

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element of art that refers to the way an object feels to the touch or looks as it may feel.

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Gives depth to the image

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what takes your two-dimensional photograph and makes it appear life-like and three-dimensional.

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defines how light or dark a given color or hue can be.

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The distribution of the visual weight of objects, color, texture and space

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symmetry around a central axis

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Symmetry in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Constructive criticism is a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions.

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Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent

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Photography ethics are the principles that guide how we take and share photographs.

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Objective photography is an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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Subjective photography emphasizes consideration of the photo that goes beyond the actual subject, inviting the viewer to interpret and reflect on the visual experience it produces.

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photographs are protected by copyright from the moment of creation.

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A trademark is a source identifier in the form of any indicia (sign, design or expression) that is capable of distinguishing a product/service of a certain company or person from the products of others.

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The rule of thirds describes a basic compositional structure of a photograph. Taking any image, you can split it into 9 segments by using 3 vertical and 3 horizontal lines.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1.

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings.

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Backlight photography emphasizes the depth behind the subject and gives images a greater sense of place.

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Diffused light is non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even.

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Ambient light can be defined as any form of light that you didn't add to your photo.

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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A triptych is a group of 3 separate images displayed together.

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orthographic projection, common method of representing three-dimensional objects, usually by three two-dimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

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Barrel distortion often occurs when using wide-angle lenses.

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Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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In very basic terms, ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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mage noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes.

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F-stop is the term used to denote aperture measurements on your camera.

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The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity.

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The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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“Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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The "program" in Program mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time. 1⁄500 of a second will let half as much light in as 1⁄250.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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In photography, a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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In cinematography and photography panning means swiveling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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18% grey comes from the world of print, and is based on reflection. An 18% grey card reflects back 18% of the light that hits it. And it is actually the geometric mean between white paper (95% reflective) and black ink (3.5% reflective).

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline. With the face properly exposed, the area around the back and hairline will become over-exposed.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful. It is useful for back-lit shots or tiny subjects.

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Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center. It measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle. Center-weighted averaging is a bit of a throwback.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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One group of colors in the color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors.

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Neutral colors are most clearly defined as hues that appear to be without color, and that don't typically appear on the color wheel. Neutral colors, therefore, do not compete with primary and secondary colors and instead compliment them.

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Complementary colours are pairs of colours that contrast with each other more than any other colour, and when placed side-by-side make each other look brighter.

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Monochrome means one colour, so in relation to art, a monochrome artwork is one that includes only one colour.

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Abstract photography, sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.