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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.
Ex: War, food, portrait, Black & White, architecture.

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FA 35mm format film photography uses light-sensitive film in cameras to capture photos, whenever the film is exposed to light, an impression is captured.

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Creates a duplicate of the aperture lens, placed above it and reflecting the image by a mirror to a ground-glass screen.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole to create natural light.

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A commonly used chemical process in black and white photography.

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Someone who watches over museums or other collections (They serve as a keeper)

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An organized presentation and display of a selection of items.

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An area or place displaying different works of art

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The art of practicing or taking photographs 

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A business owned studio often represented by photographers and other assistants or pupils for the use of photographing indoors.

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A point that is described by its place and shape, they can be thick, thin, vertical, diagonal, squiggly

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made of hue, value, intensity, produced by various rays of light

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A two dimensional element created from a line

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Created when depth is added to a two dimensional shape to make it 3 dimensional

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Describes the way things feel and/or look

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Lightness and darkness of colors and tones

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Illustrating a sense of depth on a flat surface

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The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas.

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The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas

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The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower, etc...

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something (lack of symmetry)

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Juxtaposition is an act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side. 

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he steepness of the slope at that point is given by the magnitude of the gradient vector.

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Subjective is when you're talking about an opinion or feeling that is based on an individual's perspective or preferences. Objective when you're talking about something like an assessment, decision, or report that's unbiased and based solely on the observable or verifiable facts.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another.

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Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Negative space, in art, is the space around and between the subject of an image.

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Positive space refers to the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait, the objects in a still life painting, or the trees in a landscape painting.

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Colors including green, blue and violet, etc.

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In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back.

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Diffused light is a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions.

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Ambient lighting is also called general lighting, and it's the most basic of the three types of lighting. It's the natural light from your windows, and the lighting that substitutes for natural light.

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Chiaroscuro, in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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A silhouette is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject.

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A diptych is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by hinge.

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A triptych is a work of art that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open

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In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.

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Orthographic projection is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo.

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n arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. Used before ISO

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image.

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.

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In optics, the f-number of an optical system such as a camera lens is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

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For many cameras, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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Manual mode is one of the main settings on your camera, and it lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. These three settings work together to control the how bright or dark your photo is (known as exposure), as well as change the overall look of the image.

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Like auto mode but with the option to change your aperture.

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Like Auto mode with the option to change your shutter speed.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time. 1⁄500 of a second will let half as much light in as 1⁄250.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography.

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In photography, a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Long exposure refers to a technique where you keep the shutter open for an unusually long period of time. So instead of capturing an image in a split second

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence.

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Light painting helps you capture light trails by allowing the shutter to stay open for a longer time.

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In cinematography and photography panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position.

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Burst mode is a camera function that allows you to capture a series of photographs in quick succession.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center. It measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle.

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In photography, painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject. When the background is brighter than the subject due to reasons like back lighting, this metering mode is particularly useful.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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Midtone (plural midtones) (photography, art) A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama. If a photo has poor dynamic range, the image can appear flat or gray.

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A shadow is defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source. ... Shadow photography is also defined as the manipulation of the light source, exposure of the shadow to add or remove darkness from the image, and the increased dramatic depth of a photo.

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In photography and optics, vignetting is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center.

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a brownish tone imparted to a photograph, especially an early one such as a calotype. It can be produced by first bleaching a print (after fixing) and then immersing it for a short time in a solution of sodium sulphide or of alkaline thiourea.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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A white balance card helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point.

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Go up to the Window menu, choose Workspace, and then choose New Workspace. Or, click on the Workspace icon and choose New Workspace. In the New Workspace dialog box, enter the exact same name as the existing workspace.

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more!

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Palettes are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal.

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The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more. The menu bar consists of 11 items: File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, Analysis, 3D, View, Window, and Help.

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The Options Bar is the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop.

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cut (something, especially a person's hair) very short.