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1. Teacher-directed. I feel stress and no freedom when I was at primary school. Before start the new lesson my English teacher will definitely give a word and ask a few students to come out and make a sentence. If can't write it, teacher will punish us. If our exam results are good, she will give us a gift.

2. Give children some freedom. Allowing children explore freely can increase children's interest in class. Teachers can also observe whether each child's development are good or not.

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1. I think that I had teacher-directed approach in my old primary school and I think it has its own strengths and weaknesses. Its weaknesses is that it restricts children from exploring more things to discover and develop themselves better. But the good side is that it gives assistance to children who cannot do things on their own.

2. I think that child-initiated approach is better than teacher-directed approach in ECE because children absorb information more in shorter period of time and don't deserve to be restricted. But sometimes, teacher-directed approach is needed too.

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1. In my memory, is Teacher-Directed. I remember that as long as I have math class, I will be very scared and stressed because every math class will have a quiz asking us to do division and my math is very bad and I will be beaten every time.

2. Teachers should allow children to explore freely. When children explore, teachers also know the children’s abilities and interests.

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1) in my memories, i grow up in teacher directed approach. in primary school, teacher will always give activities as in an order form and kind of force us to complete it in the time given, which she will never care that students like it or not. so i feel stress and have no fun in the class. the teacher will assign huge number of homework for us and we have no freedom to explore other things outside.
2) i think teacher should take note about few things when selecting the approaches. which are the student's interests, abilities, skills, development, and many more. the most important thing is to give student freedom to explore around and let student to have the passion to learn.

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1.  teacher-directed. Teachers take charge, lead, and choose the lessons and contents that they want to teach. teachers also select leaders and group students while doing activities. Teachers will give punishment if I did something wrong but rarely give rewards if I did right, only praises like well done will be given.
2. child-initiated approach, teachers have to supply various of materials for children to explore. For example, teachers could provide different kind of musical percussion instruments for children, so they could choose the instruments they interested. Plan appropriate activities and lessons for children so that it would be related and can help to improve their abilities and skills.

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1. When I was at lower primary school, the approach that I had the most was the teacher-directed curriculum. I feel very scared because the teacher often gives us spelling and punishes us if we cannot get it all correct.

2. We can implement child-initiated curriculum when teaching an art class. Allowing the children to choose the materials they want to use to paint such as color pencils, crayons, or marker pens.

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1.  Teacher-directed. During the lessons, I didn't have any opportunity to explore because my teachers were only focused on completing the learning objective and syllabus. I often felt bored and sleepy during lessons.

2. Play-based learning
Allows children to actively participate with other children, material and also their surroundings. It will also help children to fulfil their curiosity as it is child-led and open-ended play. Children will be able to develop skills such as social, language and also emotional. An ECE setting should prepare an environment filled with engaging materials and resources to allow children to choose activities that interest them.

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1. Going through school, I had both teacher-directed and child-initiated approaches. But in my primary school, they usually used the teacher-directed approaches. I was really bored at the moment. Because my elementary school teachers constantly focused on and prioritized all the topics. For instance, Mathematic, Science, English as well as Bahasa Malaysia. Because, she always mentioned us, that my teacher She wants her children to be able to self-motivate and build autonomous problem-solving techniques. But I hated to the task my independently. I always prefer to do the task in a group. I felt so stress and also I didn't enjoy the fun moments in my primary school.

2. The teacher, should allowing children the opportunity to explore and play with other children is something that teachers should be aware of. The teacher should be aware of the children's interests and abilities to participate in group activities.

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Recall any memories when you were at the kindergarten or lower primary school:

1.Which approach that you had most: teacher-directed or child-initiated curriculum? How did you feel about that approach?

2.How should we implement the approach/es in the ECE settings?

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1. Teacher-directed curriculum. In my primary school years, most of my teachers put pressure on us (such us forcing us to do 120 maths questions per day). Although at the end of the semester most of us got high score, but the fact that we felt very stress at that time cannot be denied.

2. Allow children to have the freedom to explore and understand the world. By allowing the children to explore the world freely, they will show us what they need to do, what they need to develop in themselves and what area they need to be challenged in. The goal of early education should be to activate the child's own nature desire to learn.

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1. Teacher directed. I feel I don't get freedom when I was a child. I also feel stress and uncomfortable because I don't have the good time to be around the other children to explore the surroundings. Whenever I don't do the homework, my teacher won't let me to play outdoor games. She will tell me that's my punishment.

2. Teachers should allow children to be freedom to explore and play with other children. Teacher also should know the children's interest and their skills to perform activities together.

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1. Teacher-inititaed. Boring. The teachers were only teaching from the blackboard. Then gave us practice work. Then the whole thing repeats everyday. Even if there were children-centred play, the teacher would interrupt & tell us how a certain thing/toy works.

2. Plan DAP activities. Gain info on children's background/skills so that activities that can created based on specific levels. Prepare a free environment (spacious, stress free) for children to learn and play.

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1. Which approach that you had most: teacher-directed or child-initiated curriculum? How did you feel about that approach?

Child-initiated curriculum approach. In my previous kindergarten, the children can advance to the next grade if they have completed or more advanced than their current grade. For example, a child can go from K1 to K2. Hence, I like to think that the kindergarten prioritizes individual development of the children which was very helpful to me because I was not forced to advance to K2 and do work that would have been too advanced for me. Instead, I stayed in K1 and learned at my own pace until I mastered everything I needed to learn before entering primary school.

For instance, I had to learn how to count in Mandarin during my kindergarten years. I was weak at it. Instead of having me write the numbers over and over in one lesson until I remembered, the teacher let me learn at my pace and would repeat the same lesson on every other day. Even when other children had advanced to Mandarin letters, the teacher allowed me to continue learning Mandarin numbers at the same time. Thus, I was able to master it and got a good mark at the final assessment.

I also appreciated that the principal was very close to my mother. Here, both parties were able to share about my developmental progress both at home and in kindergarten. I believe this is also how the teachers were able to get to know my learning style and offered better learning experiences that helped me to catch up with my peers.

2. How should we implement the approach/es in the ECE settings?

Child-initiated curriculum.

Consider what children are expected to know, what they need to understand, and what they should be able to do when they leave the ECE setting.

Identify and establish the targetted learning goals along with the applicable early learning standards, and regularly update these goals with input from families.

Become familiar with the understandings and skills in each domain (PILES) that are key for children's holistic development.

Design a curriculum framework based on what we know (especially through observation and assessment) about the children’s age group, capabilities, interests, cultural background, etc.

Prepare a rich learning environment with various up-to-date materials and resources provided, and encourage children to engage in meaningful play.

Plan develpmentally appropriate curriculum experiences that can integrate play in children’s learning which also sustains cultural and linguistic contexts.

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1. As for me, I’ve had teacher directed most growing up and I feel that this approach is very restrictive as a child don’t have the freedom and  the opportunity to explore their learning process.

2. For teacher- directed approach, this approach should be implemented when a child needs guidance from a grown up and in this case, it’s from a teacher such as science experiments, art and crafts that are challenging or even a topic that needs to explain further whereby the teacher needs to teach the topic in a traditional way. As for the child-initiated approach, this approach should be implemented during their lessons with the activities they’re working on whether it may be Montessori materials, art and craft, musical instruments and etc.

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1. Teacher-directed. I feel stressed and pressured because I was scared that I could not meet my teacher's expectations, for example, I didn't do well in exams and not getting the targeted marks, memorize multiplication within a week and I feel that I don't have the freedom to talk about my opinion, or asked questions to my teachers because I'm afraid that I'll get scolded.
2. When selecting an approach, teachers need to consider the children's interests and capabilities their own interests, skills, and capabilities.