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Having assumed that the AEF could not be organized in time to support military operations on the Western Front, the Allies had asked only for financial, economic, and naval assistance. Pershing’s recommendations regarding the numbers and disposition of troops prevailed, however, especially after Allied fortunes worsened during 1917. By early 1918, American plans had called for concentrating an independent army on the Western Front, which Pershing hoped would spearhead a decisive offensive against Germany.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-J-Pershing

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The accomplishments of one man can never be totally placed in a few placard cards. John J. Pershing was born the oldest of 8 children in 1860, and he accomplished so many notable things until his death in 1948. The only man in history to ever be promoted to a six star general in American History, who won a Pulitzer prize for his biography in 1932 for his experience in the world war. He suffered the loss of his wife and three daughters to fire, and loss of many comrades in war. Through all of this he carried on and still fought for his country, though sometimes being harder than others he was a true soldier and one to be looked upon as a great commander in history.

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Though Pershing has had many flaws and failures, his attributes and accomplishes out weigh these. He started out in a small town with no dreams of being a great military leader one day. However, by taking the test and getting the highest score it changed his life. He is truly a great commander to look up to and follow. Studying him today is important to show what can be accomplished, how steadfast grit and loyalty along with a strong work ethic and intelligence can move mountains when needed.

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John J. Pershing

Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing (centre) inspecting a camp during the U.S. Army expedition into Mexico in search of Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa, 1916.

Underwood & Underwood/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-USZ62-89220)

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* Pershings Army never became totally self sufficient.
* Though his creation of AEF was a remarkable achievement, he was criticized for operational and logistical errors.
* His early Nick Name "Black Jack" from his early career derived from his staunch and stern dicipline.

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* Inflexible in his insistence
* The cadets nicknamed him “Nigger Jack”–a reference to his service with the 10th and a sad commentary on the racism of the era. This was for his uncompromising discipline at West Point, also known as the most unpopular tactical officer. (History-Net)

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*  He clearly understood this requirement and held the greatest political skill required of American generals: knowing when to keep his mouth shut. This skill was of vital importance in 1917. (Pg. 129)
* Very loyal, but knew when to stand up and give his opinion.
* Treated his soldiers with respect, with that getting respect in return.

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* General to the Armies 1860-1948, in that time he served as a senior United States Army Officer, and the only person in history to hold the honor of a six star general.
* 1906 Promoted to Brigadere General over 800 other senior officers by President Theodore Roosevelt
* In 1917 he helped transform Americas's peacetime military 220,000 soldiers and officers.

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Born in Laclede, MO. September 13, 1860, John J. Pershing was the oldest of 8 children. After graduating High School, he acquired a teaching job at Prairie Mound School, though he tired of this and saved his money and decided to attend North Missouri Normal School that is now known as Truman State University, for two years. Pershing had not set out for a career in the military. However, when he received an invitation to take an exam for the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, he decided to apply and received the highest score. He was not a stellar student but was elected class president. He had good leadership qualities, and this did not go un-noticed by his superiors.

Once he graduated from West Point Pershing went on to fight in many wars including the Indian wars, the Spanish-American War and the Philippines insurrection. He commanded the American Expeditionary Force in Europe in World War I and was a driving force to bring the war to an end. After the end of the war he retired and later was buried with honors in Arlington National Cemetery.

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Creating An American Army - John J. Pershing I WHO DID WHAT IN WW1?

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At the ending of WWI, Pershing was head of the Armistice for the American section and formed 8 divisions of 250,000 troops. They set up communication lines, recovered equipment and repaired infrastructure. They took over the bridgeheads on the left bank of the Rhine river to collect military equipment and financial reparations from Germany.  He had to march his troops 300 kilometers across from France to Luxembourg to Germany.  "All this was in the future, though, because Pershing first had to get his troops to their occupation sites on both sides of the Rhine River" (Barnes, A F., 2010). Pershing's impact was great in the fact that he used his logistically critcal thinking brain to bring all of the people together to get the job done efficiently.

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A&E Networks Television. (2020, August 18). John J. Pershing. Biography.com. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from https://www.biography.com/military-figure/john-j-pershing.

Barnes, A. F. (2010). Coblenz 1919: The Army’s First Sustainment Center of Excellence. Army Sustainment, 42(5), 50–54.

B, C. (2020, January 8). Iron general. HistoryNet. Retrieved October 18, 2021, from https://www.historynet.com/iron-general.htm.

Creating an american army - youtube. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xffX-4jC-4g.

Gabel, C. R., & Willbanks, J. H. (2012). Great commanders. Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center.

Wikimedia Foundation. (2021, October 13). John J. Pershing. Wikipedia. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Pershing.

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October 17, 2021
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