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WRITING TASK 2 - DO ADVANTAGE OUTWEIGHT...

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WRITING TASK 2 - DO ADVANTAGE OUTWEIGHT...

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- outweigh = overshadow
- A pale into insignificance in comparison with B
- be eclipsed by: bi lu mo boi

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-  Similarly/ Likewise/ Following the same trend,/ a similar picture could be seen in + N
-  In contrast/ by contrast/ On the contrary/ On the other hand,/  Conversely
-  Unlike + N phrase, S +V
-  Sequence language.
- respectively = in the order given = in sequence = in that order

- during the surveyed period = during the time span = during the period shown
- regarding = in terms of = with regards to = when it comes to = as regards to
- than = in comparison with = compare to = as opposed to
- While = meanwhile = whilst = whereas

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1. Sequencing words:
+ The first stage is... = First of all = At the first stage = To begin with = Initially = Firstly
+ Subsequently = After that = Then = The next step is that... = Following this = Secondly = The following step/stage is that... = The second step involves = At the following stage = At this point = Next = Once this stage is completed,
+ The last stage is... = Finally = The last step is N = The last step is that S + V = At the final step/stage,
+ Simultaneously = concurrently = dien ra cung luc
2. Cấu trúc bài
- Introduction: 1 sentence
The picture/ diagram illustrates/ shows/ highlights how to produce/ manufacture/ make/ generate sth.
The picture/ diagram illustrates/ shows/ highlights how N + tobe + produced/ manufactured/ made/ generated.
The picture/ diagram illustrates/ shows/ highlights the process/ procedure of making/ producing/ manufacturing/ generating N.
- Overview: 1-2 sentences
+ Đó là quá trình tự nhiên hay nhân tạo
Tự nhiên: natural process
Nhân tạo: man-made process
+ Nó là quá trình tuyến tính hay tuần hoàn
Tự nhiên - tuần hoàn: cyclical process
Nhân tạo - tuyến tính: linear process
+ Có bn bước
stage = step = phase
+ Qui trình này bắt đầu từ đâu
start with/ start from...
+ Qui trình này kết thúc ở đâu
end with/ end to
eg: Overall, the process of making chocolate is a man-made process that/which includes/ consists of 10 linear/ consecutive steps, starting from collecting beans and ending with delivering those chocolate beans.
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3. Một số mẫu câu band cao
- S + is/am/are P2. Then, S + am/is/are + P2
-> S + is/am/are P2, and then S + is/am/are P2
-> S + is/am/are P2, and S + is/am/are P2 then.
- Trong một câu có hai hành động thì:
Hành động xảy ra trước chia thì HTHT, QKHT.
Hành động xảy ra sau chia thì HTĐ, QKĐ.
- After/ Once/ When + S + have/has been P2, S + is/am/are P2
eg: Chocolate beans are fermented, and then they are spread in the sun to dry.
eg: After chocolate beans have been fermented, they are spread in the sun to dry.
- S + V, to order to V.
- S + V, so that S + V.
- S + V, where/ which.
- The next step witness/ experience subject being...
- It is done using / it is done through the use of
- With an aim of/ for purpose of...

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The 10 most common mistakes in Task 1 data essays

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The 10 most common mistakes in Task 1 data essays

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1. Including personal opinion, knowledge or suggestions in the essay
2. Putting figures in the introduction sentence or the summary
3. Having an introduction or summary that is too long
4. Using contractions (eg "don't" )
5. Listing the data in the order that you see it in the chart ( eg from left to right, or top to bottom)

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1. Discuss one opinion/ statement
+ 1 statement
+ agree/ disagree; positive trend/ negative trend/ positives/ negatives
Eg: Studying abroad would be extremely beneficial for many students in host countries. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
2. Discuss two opinions/ statements
+ 2 argumentative statements
+ Discuss 2 statements and give your own opinion
Eg: Some people believe that studying overseas is beneficial for students. While others think that it is a negative trend for some of them. Discuss two opinions and give your own ideas
3. Disadvantages or Advantages
Do advantages outweigh advantages?
+ 1 statement
+ This trend would bring more advantages or disadvantages?
4. Two parted question essay
+ 1 statement
+ At least 2 questions
Eg: The living standard in many major cities is becoming worsen on a daily basis. What causes the problem? How could citizens deal with the problem?

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1. Introduction
- Paraphrase the topic (avoid repeating the topic)
+ Avoid using nowadays ( = These days/ In modern society)
+ Some people believe/ suppose/ assure/ assume that...
+ It is assured/ assumed/ believed/ supposed that...
- Give your own opinion
+ From my viewpoint/ From my point of view/ From my perspective,...
+ I totally/ completely/ absolutely/ wholeheartedly/ strongly agree with/ advocate for this statement.
+ I totally/ completely/ absolutely/ wholeheartedly/ strongly disagree with/ oppose/ object this statement.
2. Body: 2 paragraphs
- Body 1: Discuss your viewpoint
Cách triển khai một đoạn văn
+ Topic sentence (controlling idea)
To begin with,...
There are several/ many reasons...
There is a variety of/ a host of/ a handful of reasons...
+ Supporting ideas (firstly, secondly,...)
+ Extend ideas by using reasons, results, facts, examples
Reasons
This is because that + clause
This is due to/ owning to/ by dint of/ on account of the fact that + clause
Results
As a result ...
Therefore/ Thus/ Henceforth,...
As a consequence,....
Consequently,....
Examples
For example/ For instance,...
To illustrate/ To demonstrate/ To exemplify,..
Take A as an example/ Take A as a prime example,....
Facts
In fact,...
Factually
- Body 2: Write the opposite viewpoint
+ Topic sentence
However,/ Nevertheless,/ Nonetheless, it is believed by some people that...
+ Supporting ideas
Supporters of this view suppose that...
Proponents of this view believe that...
It is argued by some people that...
+ Extending ideas (reasons, facts, results, examples)
- Tất cả các ideas đưa ra đều phải tương đối hoá (không được tuyệt đối hoá)

Sử dụng modal verbs
+ can/ could
+ will/ would
+ may/ might
+ often V infinitive
+ sometimes V-infinitive
+ have/ show/ reveal  a tendency + V-infinitive
+ show one's preference to sth/ V-infinitive

3. Structures
- To show purposes
S + V in order to V.
S + V so as to V
S + V so that/ in order that S + V
S + V with a view to/ with the aim of Ving
4. Conclusion

- Restate the topic (Paraphrase the topic - Different from the introduction)
- Emphasize your opinion once again.
Notice: (Không nên dùng In conclusion)
To conclude,
To sum up,
5. Vocab
- advantage = merit = benefit = upside = desirable effect
+ be beneficial = be advantageous for
+be good for sth = be conducive to = do wonders for
+bring about benefit (v): mang lai loi ich
+ sb derive benefits from (v)
+ enhance = facilitate = advance = boost = ameliorate = make a significant contribute to
- disadvantage = demerit = drawback = detrimental/ harmful effect = downside
+ have an adverse bearing on = do harm to
+ take a (heavy/ devastating) toll on
+ do sb a disservice
+ inflict damage on / wreak a havoc on
+ worsen = exacerbate = deteriorate = impede = hinder = act as a deterrent to

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TASK 1- DẠNG BÀI BAR CHART, PIE CHART, LINE GRAPH, TABLE

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TASK 1- DẠNG BÀI BAR CHART, PIE CHART, LINE GRAPH, TABLE

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1. Structure
- Introduction: paraphase the topic
+ show = illustrates = demonstrate = compare = highlight = declinate = emphasize  = depict = describe = indicate = delineate
+= provide information about/ give data on/ seize out information on/ point out the data on

+ Time: from 1950 to 2050 = between 1950 to 2050 = over a period of 10 years from 1950 = over a 10-year period from 1950 to 2050.
- Overview: tổng quát, sử dụng các từ nối
+ Trend? increase? decrease? => while/ whereas (analyze the beginning point and the ending point)
+ Value: highest/ lowest
Overall, it can be obviously seen that/ it is noticeable that/ it is interesting to note that/ the most striking feature is that ...
+ Lưu ý: Khi viết overview là phải có sự so sánh ở mức tổng quát
Eg: Overall, the proportion of all groups eating fruit and vegetables increased over the period shown. Also, while women had a tendency to consume these foods the most, the group who ate the least amount of fruit and vegetable was children
+ Some structures for overview:
- Overall, it can be obviously seen that/ it is interesting to note that/ it is noticeable that/ the most striking feature is that/ it is worth noting that...
- S+V+O, while/ meanwhile/ whilst the opposite/ reserve to be true for N
- Body: 2-3 đoạn, không nên viết 1 đoạn
- Cách trình bày bài: viết theo định dạng lề căn cả hai bên
2. Vocab
- increase = jump (line) = go up = grow = rise = improve = escalate
⇒ increase = jump = growth = rise = escalation
- recover: phục hồi ( trước đó đang giảm, bâyh đg phục hồi ) = rebound
⇒ recovery = rebound
- double: tăng gấp2
- triple/ treble: tăng gấp 3
- quadruple: tăng gấp4
- soar (line) = surge (line) = rocket (line- dốc) = skyrocket (line - dốc) : tăng mạnh
⇒ soar = surge = rocket = skyrocket (n)
- decrease = decline = drop = fall = go down = diminish = reduce
⇒ decrease = decline = drop = fall = reduction
- dip (line) = plunge (line) = plummet (line)
⇒ dip/ nadir (reach a nadir/ hit a nadir)  = plunge = plummet
- halve ( nội V) : giảm một nửa ⇒ halve (n)
- fluctuate= oscillate  ⇒ fluctuation = oscillation
- peak ( hit/reach a peak/ plateau) ⇒ peak (n)
- level off / out (line) ⇒ leveling off/out ( chỉ dùng khi có sự thay đổi phương hướng trc và sau, line graph)
- overtake = outstrip = outsell

- remain unchanged= remain (relatively) stable / unchanged
3. Adv & Adj
- rapid = significant = considerable = remarkable = marked = dramatic= drastic ⇒ rapidly=significantly = considerably = remarkably = markedly .= dramatically = drastically
- sudden = striking = abrupt⇒ suddenly = strikingly = abruptly
- slight = marginal = negligible ⇒ slightly = marginally = negligibly
- gradual = steady = consistent⇒ gradually = steadily = consistently = progressively
- wild fluctuations ⇒ wildly
4. Sentence structures
- S+V+ADV ( in+ TG )
- There (be)+ Adj+N+ in +Something ( in+ TG )
- S (experience/see/ undergo/ witness) + a/an + Adj + N ( in+ TG )
- A/an + adj + N could be seen in +Something
- Thời Gian + ( experience/ see/ undergo/ witness ) + a/an + adj +N.

Eg: The sale income of Fresh Garden bakery decreased considerably in 2005.

⇒  There was a considerable decrease in the sale income of Fresh Garden bakery in 2005.

⇒  The year 2005 experienced a considerable decrease in the sale income of Fresh Garden bakery.

⇒  A considerable decrease could be seen in the sale income of Fresh Garden bakery in 2005.

⇒  The sale income of Fresh Garden bakery witnessed a considerable decrease in 2005.
- S + tobe Cby sb
- S + tobe the most prominent choice by sb
- S + tobe the least favourable option by sb
- the second most + adj
- X (come) in second/ third + with/at + so lieu
- X (be) ranked second/ third + with/at + so lieu

far/ a lot/ much/ considerably/ significantly + more +adj/adv/N

a little/ a bit/ slightly + more + adj/adv/N.

- S + V, which + tobe followed by + N
5. Compound and complex sentence
- Sequencing language: after that, then, subsequently, following this, at this point, next, after which.
- S + V, and/but then + S+ V
⇒ S+ V, and S then + V
⇒ S+V, and/but S + V then

⇒ After S+V, S+V
⇒ After Ving, S+V

⇒ Having PP, S+V
Eg: Revenue increased markedly to $2 million dollars in 2005, and it then fluctuated wildly till the end of the period.
⇒ After increasing markedly to $2 million dollars in 2005, revenue then fluctuated wildly till the end of the period.

⇒ Having increased markedly to $2 million dollars in 2005, revenue then fluctuated wildly till the end of the period.
- Although/ Even though/ Though S+V, S (then) +V

⇒ Despite V-ing / N phrase, S + then +V
E.g. Revenue rose slightly to 1 billion dollars, but it then plunged/ halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
⇒ Despite rising slightly to 1 billion dollars, revenue then halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
⇒ Despite a slight rise to 1 billion dollars, revenue then halved to 0.5 billion dollars.
6. Prepositions
- Stand/start/finish at ( số liệu tĩnh dùng at , tại một thời điểm ).
- Increase/ decrease to + SL
E.g. Revenue increased from 1 to 3 billion dollars.
- Increase/ decrease by + SL: tăng lên hoặc giảm đi một lượng là bao nhiêu
E.g. Revenue increased by 2 million dollars from January to February.

⇒  There was an increase of 2 billion dollars from January to February.
⇒ Revenue increased from 1 to 3 billion from J to F, an increase of 2 billion.
7. Future sentence structures
- It is estimated that S+ will +V ⇒ S+ is/are estimated to V
- It is forecasted that S+ will +V
⇒ S+ to be + forecasted to V
- S to be anticipated to V
⇒ It is anticipated that S +will + Vinf
- It is predicted that S+ will +V ( người ta dự đoán rằng )
⇒ S + is/ are predicted to V
- The projections/ predictions show that S+is/are likely to V
E.g. Revenue will increase to 5 million dollars in 2025.
⇒ Revenue is predicted to increase to 5 dollars in 2025.

⇒ It is anticipated/predicted/estimated that revenue will increase to 5 million dollars in 2025.
⇒ The projections show that revenue is likely to increase to 5 million dollars in 2025

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1. Cấu trúc bài:
- Introduction: 1 sentence: paraphase the question
The map illustrates/depicts/ indicates/demonstrates/ describes the changes which take place in...
- Overall: 1-2 sentences
Biggest changes (industrialize/modernize/urbanize)
- Detail 1: 3-4 sentences
- Detail 2: 3-4 sentences
2. Tense: present perfect, past simple, present simple.
3. Một số mẫu câu band cao:
- S + be + P2
- There + be + N - phrase
- The town/ village/ room witnesses/ experiences/ sees + N-phrase
- A notable/ striking change/ development (be) + N-phrase
- A notable/ striking change/ development, is that S+be+P2
- It is interesting to note that + MĐe
- S + be + P2 so that S + V
eg: There is a new park at the present.
-> There is the introduction of a new park at the present.
-> The village witnesses the introduction of a new park at the present.
-> A notable change is the appearance of a new park at the present.
-> A striking change is that a new park has been reconstructed from 2005 until now.
-> It is interesting to note that a new park is reconstructed at the present.
-> A new park has been erected so that residents can exercise or walk after a hectic day
- S + used to + ..., but S + be + P2
eg: There used to be many trees in the North, but they have been cut down to make way for a university.
- S + be + P2 in order to ...
eg: A hall of resident has been built in order to provide accommodation for students.
- S + V,  which to be followed by + N
- S + V make way for
4. Một số từ chỉ vị trí
- North East: Đông Bắc
- South East: Đông Nam
- South West: Tây Nam
- North West: Tây Bắc
- Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern (adj): Bắc, Nam, Tây, Đông
- In the North/ South/ West/ East: đứng đầu câu
- To the North/ South/ West/ East: đứng giữa câu
- On the left/ right of sth: đứng đầu câu
- To the left/ right of sth: đứng giữa câu
- In the middle of/ heart of/ center of sth
- Next to = by = beside =  in the proximity of sth = near
5. Vocab
- enlarge : mở rộng = extend -> enlargement = extension
- cut down = remove = knock down = disappear = eradicate: loại bỏ -> cutting down = removal = knocking down = disappearance
- demolish: phá dỡ -> demolition
- pull down: kéo đổ -> pulling down
- industrialize: công nghiệp hóa -> industrialization
- urbanize: đô thi hóa -> urbanization
- modernize: hiện đại hóa -> modernization
- build = construct = erect = introduce -> building = construction = erection = introduction
- convert (into) = change (into) = turn into = make into =  transform (into) -> conversion = changing (into) = turning (into) = making (into) = transfromation
- replace: thay thế -> replacement
- redevelop: tái phát triển -> redevelopment
- pedestrianize: đường bình thường -> đường đi bộ -> pedestrianization
- relocate: di chuyển -> relocation
- recreational facilities = entertainment facilities = leisure facilities
- found = set up = establish
- layout = plan = design
- while = whereas = whilst