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Summary: The Albany Plan was a conference of colonial leaders-with delegates from states such as Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, and New England. It was a plan to place the British colonies under a more centralized government. The central government would have a “president general” appointed and paid by the king and a legislature elected by the colonial assemblies.  However it was denied since at the time, there was a war with the French and Indians when the plan was presented.

Effect: The Albany Plan of Union set up the foundations of what later became independent colonies. Benjamin, the one who introduced the plan, set it up acknowledging that once the colonies were free from the crown, America would solely be responsible for defense, economy, government, and others. The plan set up the elements of a true union when the day would come.

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Summary: The proclamation of 1763 allowed London to control the westward movement of colonists. The British looked to limit conflict between colonists and the Natives. The Proclamation also resulted in a slowed population exodus of people from the coastal colonies. The Natives received the proclamation well, slightly resulting in improved colonist-Native relations.
Effect: The Proclamation of 1763 did not meet Native expectations. Additionally, the colonists essentially ignored the act, resulting in white colonists settling the Native land anyway. After improving Native relations initially, their relations were damaged again. British authorities tried rapidly to enforce the law, but it ended in failure.

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Summary: The Sugar Act was designed to eliminate illegal sugar trade between the colonies and the French and Spanish West Indies. It strengthened enforcement of the duty on sugar, and decreased duty on molasses, further damaging the market for sugar grown in the colonies. It also established vice-admiralty in colonies to try accused smugglers, which removed sympathetic local juries.

Effect: The Sugar Act successfully  increased overall enforcement of smuggling laws, catching criminals trading with the French and Spanish West Indies. It also, however, greatly disrupted the economy of the colonies.

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Summary: This act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies. The act was passed in response to the greatly increasing defense of the colonies from the French and Indian War. On a similar note to other acts passed like the Stamp Act, it was a way for the British to show authority over the colonies.

Effect: One of the acts that led to the formation of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. This group would later on to be the central group that would result in the Boston Tea Party and other events that took as an attempt to rebel and respond against the British.

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Summary: The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed a tax on most printed documents in the colonies: newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, deeds, wills, and licenses.

Effect: This along with other acts caused the formation of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. The act stirred a series of protests within the colonies.

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Summary: The people of Boston resented the British troops posted in their city to protect customs officials by the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. A crowd of colonists were harassing guards near the customs house and the guards fired into the crowd and killed 5 colonists. They were on trial for murder and were acquitted except for two who received a charge for manslaughter. Samuel Adams (radical cousin of John Adams) called this incident a massacre to inflame anti-British feeling.

Effect: Angered the colonists causing them to be angered at Britain and was one of the reasons for the Coercive acts which brought the people of Boston and Massachusetts under control. First bloodshed between the conflict of colonies and Britain.

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Summary: The Tea Act was a law that gave the British East India rights to export their goods straight to the colonies without paying any navigational taxes that were imposed on the colonial merchants who generally acted as middlemen in the transactions. This allowed the British East India company to undersell colonial merchants and monopolize the tea trade.

Effect: The Tea Act angered influential colonial merchants who were afraid of being replaced and bankrupted by a powerful monopoly. The Tea Act also increased American belief in taxation without representation.

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Summary: The Boston Tea Party was an action taken by colonists to protest the British government. 150 men disguised as Mohawks passed through a crowd of spectators to board three trading ships and dispose of the tea on board the ships by throwing them overboard.

Significance: It could be argued that the Boston Tea Party was past the point of no return, an event so impactful that to an extent, this sealed the colonist’s fate to separate from England to become its own nation. Viewing back, the Boston Tea Party led the colonies past the point of no return where it could be questioned that after the event, the only possible  path the colonies could take was an attempt to separate themselves for losing at that point, especially years after at the initiation of war at the Battle of Lexington and Concord.

Effect: The Boston Tea Party ended up being an example for other seaports to follow. This led the British government to pass the Coercive acts in response to the resistance taken by the colonists.

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Summary: The battle that sparked the American Revolution, also known as the event that held the phrase “shots heard round the world” began in April 19, 1775. On the night prior, 1,000 British soldiers were sent out to surprise the colonials and seize the illegal supplies without bloodshed. However, with Patriots in Boston suspecting British movements, during the night of the event, William Dews and Paul Revere rode out to warn the villages and farms, quickly assembling the minutemen. After a vigorous battle, the rebels succeeded in lurid tales of British atrocities

Effect: The effect of the Battle of Lexington and Concord was to rally the rebels to cause thousands of colonists, north and south, who previously had little enthusiasm for war to come together. Ultimately, this battle was a decisive step for the British and the Americans, starting the War for Independence.

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Summary: On July 2, 1776, the Congress adopted a resolution, a declaration of independence. It would state that the UNited Colonies ought to be free and independent states and absolved from all allegiance to the British crown. Two days later, on July 4, Congress approved the Declaration of Independence which provided the formal justifications for the actions the delegates had in fact taken two days earlier.

Effect: The Declaration of Independence gave birth to numerous freedoms such as the Emancipation of black slaves. It later resulted in the Bill of Rights, establishing basic rights to citizens such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. Ultimately, the declaration influenced other foreign nations such as France to set up their own French Declaration.