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After the last caliph was murdered in 661 AD,  a family named Umayyads Had the power. They passed the power on to their Son. he moved the capital from Damascus to Syria, which made it easier to take over lands. this decision made people very upset because they believed the new capital was too far away from Medina.

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the Abbasid caliphate was the third caliphate to rule after Muhammad. the third person to rule was Muhammad's Uncle,Uthman ibn Affan. he ruled from November 6th 644 – June 17th 656.

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Muslim spain was a important city back then. Amir Abd al-Rahman is said to have founded the Emirate of Cordoba, but after Umayyad Caliphate took over the area.

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the ottoman empire is a very intresting empire considering they would take little Christian Boys make them believe in islamic religion, have them work, then once they got older they were able to become leaders. They were also the ones who took over Constantinople after the leaders father failed to.

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Safavid dynasty is a very important dynasty, it created the sunni vs shia. it was by Shah Ismail who ruled from 1501-1524.

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Safavid also took in some of ottomans soldiers that ran away from persecution which made them even stronger.

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Safavid also took in some of ottomans soldiers that ran away from persecution which made them even stronger.

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The Mughal empire was founded in 1526, by Babur. He was the first ruler of Mughal Empire he ruled for over four years. Mughal empire was on of the largest muslim empires ever. the second to Rule was Akbar who ruled at age 13!

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many consider Akbar as the best leader out of all 5. he doubled the conquest that Babur started and helped stabilized the empire by building a governing class and one strong government. he also tried to fix and end problems between religions. He ruled for over 50 years. and after him his grandson ruled for 30 years.