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Background context for this toolkit of existing resources

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Background context for this toolkit of existing resources

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This toolkit was produced by Yorkshire Universities (YU) Policy and Research Officer, Marina Tapley, to facilitate discussions at a May 2024 Workshop to agree priorities for collaborative labour market analysis.

Following the workshop, Yorkshire Universities is sharing the updated collection of resources publicly to support and encourage the development of further insights that can facilitate effective strategy and action to support graduate talent across the region.

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The YU website has a page on the Impact of Higher Education, which includes numbers of students and graduates across the region.

HESA provides open statistics on numbers of students and graduates by provider (that could be combined to sub-/region level) and some figures are available by region of provider.

Workforce qualification levels across England and Wales data: Census 2021 shows the highest qualification levels and percentage that represents of the workforce for region (Y&H) and local authority areas.

The DfE produce an annual publication of graduate labour market statistics, which presents labour market conditions for graduates, postgraduates, and non-graduates living in England, based on data from the ONS Labour Force Survey.

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Resources and activities: overview of all industries/subjects

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Resources and activities: overview of all industries/subjects

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Peter Glover's recent webinar and related slides for YU on higher level skills included a breakdown of occupations and sectors across Y&H, as well as HE qualifiers by subject area across the region and some CAs also produce this on a sub-regional level.

Upcoming regional analysis by Jisc is due to cover numbers, share, and change in occupations, as well as share of industries by region/sub-region (in line with the recently published regional analysis for Scotland).

The annual What do graduates do? publication by Jisc covers graduate outcomes data of students from six key subject areas at a national level.

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It is worth taking into consideration that UK labour markets are relatively degree agnostic so subject splits don't directly align to sectors of employment.

Institutionally held careers registration (CR) data could help fill in understanding of students preferences and thinking around careers (see information about pilot in existing activity). However, sector analysis of CR data would be more complex. Only 5 universities (3 in WY and 2 in YNY) of the 9 YU member institutions that collect CR data have a question on sector preferences. Additional capacity would be required to be able to bring together and centrally analyse this data.

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Existing activity: Careers Readiness and engagement with students development

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Existing activity: Careers Readiness and engagement with students development

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A pilot of regional analysis of institutionally held careers registration (CR) data has some key findings that show how much opportunity there is to work with universities to influence the development of students' career thinking throughout their studies.

Over half (58.1%) of students entering HE are at the early 'Decide' stages of their career thinking and around one in five (19.9%) report that they have not starting thinking about their career options.

There is a high level of demand for experience from students entering HE across Yorkshire, with a quarter being categorised as looking for experience. From our sample this amounts to over 10,000 year one students in the region prioritising looking for experience in how they report their career thinking, which would likely to be an underestimation of demand across the region. This includes those looking for exploratory experience, which could help them explore and discover new sectors.

In this context, universities are well positioned to support employers to engage across the student lifecycle, while students are developing their perceptions and attitudes towards work, to enable better access to graduate talent. YU is working on making entry points into universities for such engagement clearer.

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Other organisations with closer direct links to business would be better placed to take this forward.

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Existing activity: Financial and Professional Services

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Existing activity: Financial and Professional Services

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Facing the Future: A skills roadmap for Yorkshire and the Humber’s Financial and Professional Services industry

West Yorkshire Finance & Professional Skills (FPS) Report Launch

The annual What do graduates do? publication by Jisc covers national graduate outcomes data for students from business and administrative studies.

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There is a YU sub-group of the graduate implementation group looking at creative and performative subjects.

Interest from Mayors and CAs, eg. WY Creative Industries showcase and in YNY Film and TV identified as priority growth sector and features in the related skills review

The annual What do graduates do? publication by Jisc covers national graduate outcomes data for students from creative arts subjects.

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Links to ongoing YU workstream covering YHealth4Growth White Paper and Health & Care Workforce Observatory.

This is a priority area for all CAs/LEPs and many have existing analysis in this area eg. The South Yorkshire Skills and Employment Evidence Base includes a section on "Healthier Futures" which includes data on the health and social care workforce and students.

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While there are links between YU and the Yorkshire & Humber Climate Commission and all CAs/LEPs have priorities around green skills, analysing data on 'green' jobs is beyond the scope of what is currently deliverable due to the complexity of defining and measuring a 'green' job, as this isn't currently captured in industry classifications.

However, YU has led work on the intersection of sustainability and employability at universities resulting in a Good Practice Guide for Engaging Students with Sustainability through Service Learning.

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While all CAs/LEPs are doing work around digital jobs and skills, looking at this in depth is beyond the scope of what is currently deliverable due to the complexity of defining and measuring 'digital' jobs and skills, as this isn't currently captured in industry classifications.

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Official advice is not to use international graduate outcomes data for analytical purposes. It's collected by institutions on a voluntary basis and so response rates across institutions vary widely.

However, there is an ongoing project at Jisc at the moment to try to work out which bits of that data are currently usable, and what they might do with the rest of it to improve it to the point where organisations like YU can use it.

The International Higher Education Commission has also produced a report on the need for better data on international students and graduates.

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Existing activity: Links to broader context

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Existing activity: Links to broader context

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YU is engaged in ongoing work around advocating for the value of international students and graduates and recently published a statement about the regional dimensions of International Higher Education.

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At the end of May 2024, Universities UK and QS produced a report on International Graduate Outcomes based on survey responses from over 10,500 students graduating from 2019 to 2024 from 196 countries and territories.

Key findings included:

73% of surveyed graduates felt that the Graduate route visa met their expectations, reporting higher job satisfaction compared to those on other visa types.

Through the Graduate route visa, international graduates add value to sectors that are vital to the UK economy, with many working in key sectors such as healthcare and education.

International graduates will continue to support the UK economy on returning home. 71% of surveyed graduates feel a lasting connection with the UK, and 57% are more likely to engage in business with the UK due to their educational experiences.

The most common incentive for remaining in the UK was to gain work experience (48%).

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Existing resources: Employment and earnings of international graduates (LEO)

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Existing resources: Employment and earnings of international graduates (LEO)

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Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) data includes sections on the employment and earnings of international graduates.

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The YU Graduate Implementation Group (GIG) have asked the Graduate Data Group (GDG) to take an exploratory look at the differences between the career readiness of international and home students based on institutionally held data.

Some institutions (3 in WY and 1 in HEY) also collect data on work location preferences and could institutionally look at the preferences of international students but this would be difficult to do look at on a regional scale.

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Existing resource: Economic impact of international students

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Existing resource: Economic impact of international students

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HEPI, Kaplan International Pathways and London Economics have produced analysis of the economic impact of international students in place, including for regions of the UK, and have also updated the consistency data to align with new boundaries.

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Existing activity: Courses and migration

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Existing activity: Courses and migration

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Universities who analyse their own data often see patterns based on course and related employment options.

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The Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) Review of the Graduate Route included data on who uses the graduate route visa, what those on the route do and the impacts of the route. Most of this data is on a national level, but there is data on the proportion of total UK Student visas and Graduate visas by region (Table 1.6) and the percentage growth in international student visas by region and country (Figure 4.9). Additional analysis made available by the review links up Home Office and HMRC data but is not broken down to a regional level. Recent commentary has highlighted the importance of better data on international students and graduates.

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Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) includes data on 'Full cycle movement (home, study and current regions)' and 'Interaction of region and earnings at provider level'

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There is less clearly established EDI impacts on migration, Jisc have looked at migration (eg. loyals, returners etc.) in terms of EDI characteristics including at Yorkshire level previously but this wasn’t published. This analysis used DLHE so is quite old now. This could be looked at again, it is doable and from previously experience it was interesting and worth doing.

In previous discussions there was interest in the overlap of EDI and graduate migration, as well as acknowledgement of the complications and large sample size needed. Any detailed work in this area would require significant additional capacity.

The 2023 YU conference data session included exploration of supply and demand of graduates, with a focus on equality, diversity and inclusion.

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Upcoming regional analysis by Jisc is due to include categories of graduate migration by region/sub-region (in line with the recently published regional analysis for Scotland)

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Peter Glover's recent webinar and related slides for YU on higher level skills included an overview of the proportion of employers with any over-qualified and under-utilised staff in each sub-region and Y&H as a whole, according to the Employer Skills Survey. This sessions' analysis also included the number and proportion of people with a higher qualification by occupation for West Yorkshire.

An interactive tool by WonkHE using Census 2021 data at Local Authority level explores proportion of local workforces with level 4 or above qualifications and the proportions in different occupations, with SOC 1-3 being used as a proxy for graduate jobs.

Graduate Outcomes collects a self-assessment of if a qualification was required for a graduate's work. HESA publishes this for England and have also published a UK breakdown by occupation through there work on job quality, we could look at the responses for YU member students through the YU tailored dataset.

Sub-regional employer skills surveys could give indications of employers skills demand and their views of skills supply eg. HEY Employer Skills Survey.

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Existing resources: Analysis of migration

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Existing resources: Analysis of migration

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HESA data and visualisation of flows of region of domicile, HE provider and work produced annually

Getting a move on: The creation of a new graduate mobility marker HESA, Nov 2022

Graduate migration patterns in the UK analysis by Charlie Ball, 2021

Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) includes data on 'Full cycle movement (home, study and current regions)' and 'Interaction of region and earnings at provider level'. There was also a regional breakdown of outcomes in the 2016 to 2017 tax year published in 2019.

Geographical mobility of young people across English towns and cities: March 2024 ONS release with an interactive tool and UK analysis using LEO data

How graduates move across England blog with dashboard based on ONS LEO data at Travel To Work Area level, WonkHE 2023

From Campus to Career: Unravelling the Geography of Graduates blog with visualisations, December 2023

The gainers and losers from the United Kingdom's university-related migration: A subregional analysis of Graduate Outcomes Survey data academic article with maps Feb 2024

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Some institutions look at location preferences of students through internal careers registration (CR) data. which could provide a forward view of potential migration and/or provide some insights towards better understanding how much retention/loss of graduates is aligned to students preferences of where they would prefer to work. However, this would currently be very difficult to bring together at a regional scale.

4 universities (3 in WY and 1 in HEY) collect data on location preferences of students. There is significant variation in how locations are categorised making it difficult to bring this together on a regional level.

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What elements of graduate voice would we want to look at on a regional level?

We could look at some elements of graduate voice questions for YU providers through the tailored dataset but may require additional support with any detailed analysis.

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HESA public data on graduates who are running their own business, self-employed/freelancing or developing a portfolio is only broken down by country of provider and country of domicile (Figure 8). We could look at the data for YU providers with the YU tailored dataset.

In 2022, the National Centre for Universities and Business produced An insight report into the UK's Graduate Entrepreneurs which looked at who graduate entrepreneurs are (including where they are from and where they are located) and what they do.

A 2019 report by Charlie Ball looked at Graduates in self-employment and microbusinesses covering UK domiciled graduates from 2016/17 using DLHE.

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Existing/upcoming activity: Graduate voice and job quality

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Existing/upcoming activity: Graduate voice and job quality

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There is potential to build on HESA's work on job quality looking at how graduate voice responses combined into a composite measure for job design and nature of work link to wellbeing, occupation, subject of study and ethnicity.

Upcoming regional analysis by Jisc is due to cover the graduate voice question about work being 'meaningful' by region/sub-region (in line with the recently published regional analysis for Scotland).

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Existing activity: Links between CR and Graduate Voice

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Existing activity: Links between CR and Graduate Voice

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Analysis by the University of Leeds has found a positive relationship between Career Readiness and all three Graduate Voice questions (meaningful work, skills utilisation, and career progression) in Graduate Outcomes

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Existing activity: ONS analysis of job quality

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Existing activity: ONS analysis of job quality

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The ONS has produced analysis of eight indicators to understand the quality of work across the UK, using reweighted data from the Annual Population Survey (APS). Some of the analysis includes comparisons between respondents with and without a degree.

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Existing activity: Regional variation in graduate voice

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Existing activity: Regional variation in graduate voice

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Regional variation in the design and nature of graduate work: a first look by Jisc in 2021 explored the responses to the graduate voice questions for graduates working in each nation/region, separated into those who were living in that region before entering higher education (‘stayers’), and those who lived elsewhere (‘movers’).

Movers scored higher than stayers in every region but Northern Ireland. Stayers also score relatively highly in Yorkshire and the Humber, and the difference between movers and stayers in Y&H is not statistically significant.

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Resources and activity: Student start ups

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Resources and activity: Student start ups

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HE Provider Data: Business and Community Interaction (HE-BCI) data only publicly shows student start ups for England not broken down by region.

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Blue is used in this Padlet to highlight existing activity or resources.

Purple is used in this Padlet to highlight key considerations for those conducting research in this area.

Hyperlinks are used throughout to link to resources, these will appear as underlined text that you use to click through to other webpages.

The resources are generally categorised under key themes that have been identified by YU and key partners, however, you may find it easier to use the search function in the top right corner to find specific resources.

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1. Is there a clear place-based, collaborative dimension which makes YU best placed to lead?

2. Is this an area where YU output or activity could best support strategy and action?

3. Is it feasible for YU and partners to deliver an output?

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The 2023 YU conference data session included exploration of supply and demand of graduates, which included analysis of sectors and focused on equality, diversity and inclusion.

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HESA provides data on student enrolments by domicile and region of HE provider.

The Home Office includes information on international student visas in their summary statistics and statistics on study visas.

In May 2024, the ONS published an update on their work to understand international students within migration statistics and provisional estimates of long-term international student migration.

WonkHE produced analysis of the May 2024 releases.

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Existing resource: Employer Skills Survey

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Existing resource: Employer Skills Survey

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The Employer Skills Survey includes information on recruitment difficulties and skills gaps and the online function to create tables allows you to look at data for English devolved areas and information on core indicators, investment and industrial classifications for regions is available to download.