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This source explains how betrayal can affect people mentally and can cause diseases such as damaged self-esteem and anger. George Takei and his family feels betrayal and this article helps verifies the real effects since the story is based on a real experience.

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Abstract

Betrayal is the sense of being harmed by the intentional actions or omissions of a trusted person. The most common forms of betrayal are harmful disclosures of confidential information, disloyalty, infidelity, dishonesty. They can be traumatic and cause considerable distress. The effects of betrayal include shock, loss and grief, morbid pre-occupation, damaged self-esteem, self-doubting, anger. Not infrequently they produce life-altering changes. The effects of a catastrophic betrayal are most relevant for anxiety disorders, and OC D and PTSD in particular. Betrayal can cause mental contamination, and the betrayer commonly becomes a source of contamination. In a series of experiments it was demonstrated that feelings of mental contamination can be aroused by imagining unacceptable non-consensual acts. The magnitude of the mental contamination was boosted by the introduction of betrayal themes. Feelings of mental contamination can also be aroused in some 'perpetrators' of non-consensual acts involving betrayal. The psychological significance of acts of betrayal is discussed.

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national center for biotechnology information

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Betrayal: a psychological analysis - PubMed

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Betrayal is the sense of being harmed by the intentional actions or omissions of a trusted person. The most common forms of betrayal are harmful disclosures of confidential information, disloyalty, infidelity, dishonesty. They can be traumatic and cause considerable distress. The effects of betrayal ...

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Betrayal effects on people that are Japanese  

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Betrayal effects on people that are Japanese  

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This shows the result of Pearl Harbor and how it affects people that were Japanese. These people who lived in America but were Japanese, they were treated differently than everyone due to the fact that they were Japanese. They felt betrayed because they worked for America and then an action affected them.

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At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, about 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry lived on the US mainland, mostly along the Pacific Coast. About two thirds were full citizens, born and raised in the United States. Following the Pearl Harbor attack, however, a wave of antiJapanese suspicion and fear led the Roosevelt administration to adopt a drastic policy toward these residents, alien and citizen alike.

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This source offers gender data that people always think that men are meant to be strong, aggressive, and bold. In the book They Called Us Enemy, they portrayed men as working everyday and women as laying back and doing housework.

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Our society has a set of ideas about how we expect men and women to dress, behave, and present themselves.

What are gender roles?

Gender roles in society means how we're expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.

Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but they can be very different from group to group. They can also change in the same society over time. For example, pink used to be considered a masculine color in the U.S. while blue was considered feminine.

How do gender stereotypes affect people?

A stereotype is a widely accepted judgment or bias about a person or group - even though it's overly simplified and not always accurate. Stereotypes about gender can cause unequal and unfair treatment because of a person's gender. This is called sexism.

There are four basic kinds of gender stereotypes:

Personality traits - For example, women are often expected to be accommodating and emotional, while men are usually expected to be self-confident and aggressive.

Domestic behaviors - For example, some people expect that women will take care of the children, cook, and clean the home, while men take care of finances, work on the car, and do the home repairs.

Occupations - Some people are quick to assume that teachers and nurses are women, and that pilots, doctors, and engineers are men.

Physical appearance - For example, women are expected to be thin and graceful, while men are expected to be tall and muscular. Men and women are also expected to dress and groom in ways that are stereotypical to their gender (men wearing pants and short hairstyles, women wearing dresses and make-up.

Hyperfemininity is the exaggeration of stereotyped behavior that's believed to be feminine. Hyperfeminine folks exaggerate the qualities they believe to be feminine. This may include being passive, naive, sexually inexperienced, soft, flirtatious, graceful, nurturing, and accepting.

Hypermasculinity is the exaggeration of stereotyped behavior that's believed to be masculine. Hypermasculine folks exaggerate the qualities they believe to be masculine. They believe they're supposed to compete with other men and dominate feminine folks by being aggressive, worldly, sexually experienced, insensitive, physically imposing, ambitious, and demanding.

These exaggerated gender stereotypes can make relationships between people difficult. Hyperfeminine folks are more likely to endure physical and emotional abuse from their partners. Hypermasculine folks are more likely to be physically and emotionally abusive to their partners.

Extreme gender stereotypes are harmful because they don't allow people to fully express themselves and their emotions. For example, it's harmful to masculine folks to feel that they're not allowed to cry or express sensitive emotions. And it's harmful to feminine folks to feel that they're not allowed to be independent, smart or assertive. Breaking down gender stereotypes allows everyone to be their best selves.

How can I fight gender stereotypes?

You probably see gender stereotypes all around you. You might also have seen or experienced sexism, or discrimination based on gender. There are ways to challenge these stereotypes to help everyone - no matter their gender or gender identity - feel equal and valued as people.

Point it out - Magazines, TV, film, and the Internet are full of negative gender stereotypes. Sometimes these stereotypes are hard for people to see unless they're pointed out. Be that person! Talk with friends and family members about the stereotypes you see and help others understand how sexism and gender stereotypes can be hurtful.

Be a living example - Be a role model for your friends and family. Respect people regardless of their gender identity. Create a safe space for people to express themselves and their true qualities regardless of what society's gender stereotypes and expectations are.

Speak up - If someone is making sexist jokes and comments, whether online or in person, challenge them.

Give it a try - If you want to do something that's not normally associated with your gender, think about whether you'll be safe doing it. If you think you will, give it a try. People will learn from your example.

If you've been struggling with gender or gender identity and expectations, you're not alone. It may help you to talk to a trusted parent, friend, family member, teacher, or counselor.

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Gender Identity & Roles | Feminine Traits & Stereotypes

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Our society has a set of ideas about how we expect men and women to dress, behave, and present themselves. Gender roles in society means how we're expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex.

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Women are expected to act, speak, and dress differently. It helps me understand much more clearly that in the book They Called Us Enemy, Women were dressed as in not working fit while men dressed in rough fits and dirty to show that they are hardworking.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Our society has a set of ideas about how we expect men and women to dress, behave, and present themselves.

What are gender roles?

Gender roles in society means how we're expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.

Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but they can be very different from group to group. They can also change in the same society over time. For example, pink used to be considered a masculine color in the U.S. while blue was considered feminine.

How do gender stereotypes affect people?

A stereotype is a widely accepted judgment or bias about a person or group - even though it's overly simplified and not always accurate. Stereotypes about gender can cause unequal and unfair treatment because of a person's gender. This is called sexism.

There are four basic kinds of gender stereotypes:

Personality traits - For example, women are often expected to be accommodating and emotional, while men are usually expected to be self-confident and aggressive.

Domestic behaviors - For example, some people expect that women will take care of the children, cook, and clean the home, while men take care of finances, work on the car, and do the home repairs.

Occupations - Some people are quick to assume that teachers and nurses are women, and that pilots, doctors, and engineers are men.

Physical appearance - For example, women are expected to be thin and graceful, while men are expected to be tall and muscular. Men and women are also expected to dress and groom in ways that are stereotypical to their gender (men wearing pants and short hairstyles, women wearing dresses and make-up.

Hyperfemininity is the exaggeration of stereotyped behavior that's believed to be feminine. Hyperfeminine folks exaggerate the qualities they believe to be feminine. This may include being passive, naive, sexually inexperienced, soft, flirtatious, graceful, nurturing, and accepting.

Hypermasculinity is the exaggeration of stereotyped behavior that's believed to be masculine. Hypermasculine folks exaggerate the qualities they believe to be masculine. They believe they're supposed to compete with other men and dominate feminine folks by being aggressive, worldly, sexually experienced, insensitive, physically imposing, ambitious, and demanding.

These exaggerated gender stereotypes can make relationships between people difficult. Hyperfeminine folks are more likely to endure physical and emotional abuse from their partners. Hypermasculine folks are more likely to be physically and emotionally abusive to their partners.

Extreme gender stereotypes are harmful because they don't allow people to fully express themselves and their emotions. For example, it's harmful to masculine folks to feel that they're not allowed to cry or express sensitive emotions. And it's harmful to feminine folks to feel that they're not allowed to be independent, smart or assertive. Breaking down gender stereotypes allows everyone to be their best selves.

How can I fight gender stereotypes?

You probably see gender stereotypes all around you. You might also have seen or experienced sexism, or discrimination based on gender. There are ways to challenge these stereotypes to help everyone - no matter their gender or gender identity - feel equal and valued as people.

Point it out - Magazines, TV, film, and the Internet are full of negative gender stereotypes. Sometimes these stereotypes are hard for people to see unless they're pointed out. Be that person! Talk with friends and family members about the stereotypes you see and help others understand how sexism and gender stereotypes can be hurtful.

Be a living example - Be a role model for your friends and family. Respect people regardless of their gender identity. Create a safe space for people to express themselves and their true qualities regardless of what society's gender stereotypes and expectations are.

Speak up - If someone is making sexist jokes and comments, whether online or in person, challenge them.

Give it a try - If you want to do something that's not normally associated with your gender, think about whether you'll be safe doing it. If you think you will, give it a try. People will learn from your example.

If you've been struggling with gender or gender identity and expectations, you're not alone. It may help you to talk to a trusted parent, friend, family member, teacher, or counselor.

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Gender Identity & Roles | Feminine Traits & Stereotypes

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Our society has a set of ideas about gender roles in society and how we expect men and women to dress, behave, and present themselves.

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Positive family dynamics such as open communication can develop a healthy development and positive self-esteem. While negative family dynamics such as conflict and abuse can lead to negative outcomes.

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Family is a fundamental part of human society, and the impact of family on our lives cannot be overstated. Families play a crucial role in shaping our development, our values, and our relationships. However, families are not without their challenges, and the psychological dynamics of families can have both positive and negative effects on our lives.

The impact of families on our lives begins in childhood. Children learn from their parents, siblings, and other family members about social norms, communication styles, and emotional regulation. Positive family dynamics, such as open communication, support, and affection, can foster healthy development and positive self-esteem. Negative family dynamics, such as conflict, neglect, and abuse, can lead to psychological distress and negative outcomes.

The impact of family dynamics can continue into adulthood. Our relationships with family members can influence our romantic relationships, friendships, and professional relationships. For example, individuals who have experienced conflict or neglect in their families may struggle with trust and intimacy in their romantic relationships. Alternatively, individuals who have experienced close, supportive family relationships may have a stronger sense of community and social support in their adult lives.

Families can also have an impact on our mental health. Research has shown that family dynamics can influence the development of mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. For example, individuals who have experienced abuse or neglect in their families may be more likely to develop depression or anxiety in adulthood. Alternatively, individuals who have experienced close, supportive family relationships may have a lower risk of developing mental health conditions.

Family dynamics can also affect our coping mechanisms and resilience. Families that promote healthy coping mechanisms, such as problem-solving and emotional regulation, can help individuals to develop resilience and cope with stressors in their lives. Alternatively, families that promote unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as avoidance or substance use, can lead to negative outcomes and contribute to mental health conditions.

In conclusion, families have a profound impact on our lives, shaping our development, values, and relationships. Positive family dynamics can foster healthy development and positive self-esteem, while negative family dynamics can lead to psychological distress and negative outcomes. Family dynamics can also influence our mental health, coping mechanisms, and resilience. Understanding the psychological dynamics of families can help individuals to navigate their relationships with family members and promote healthy development and well-being.

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💌 Families and the Impact on our Lives: Understanding the Psychological Dynamics

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Family is a fundamental part of human society, and the impact of family on our lives cannot be overstated. Families play a crucial role in shaping our development, our values, and our relationships.

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This source explains the different of how strong obligations and no obligations can positively and negatively affect families. George is affected positively because his dad cares about him and compared to other children who their parents don’t care about, their choices are different in comparison.

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Family Dynamics, The Challenges of a Healthy Relationship

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Family dynamics are crucial in shaping individuals and influencing their overall well-being. Learn more about the importance of a healthy family relationship.

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Bombing of Pearl Harbor affects on families

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Bombing of Pearl Harbor affects on families

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This source offers real insight on how families feared for loves ones after bombs fell on Pearl Harbor. More than 2,400 people died and people all around the world was scared for them. This shows not only Japanese people were affected but almost all of America were in shook. This clarifies for me that in the book They Called Us Enemy only shows one side and not the full story.

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Seventy-five years ago, life changed.

Japan staged a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor claiming more than 2,400 Americans as well as damaging or destroying eight Navy battleships and more than 100 planes. Dec. 7, 1941, lives in infamy. The attack demoralized the United States and sent the nation to war.

While it would be days before many Americans realized the scope of the attack, during those days a once-distant war in Europe and the Pacific became a central part of life in the United States and here in Massillon and the rest of Stark County. Here's how the historical event played out at home.
Dec. 6, 1941
"Pacific War of Peace hangs in the balance" read the headline across the top of The Evening Independent. Associated Press stories reported the situation with Japan was tense after Japan's reply to President Theodore Roosevelt's questions as to why Japanese troops were massed in French Indo-China.

While the political climate was growing tense, Washington High School sweethearts Shirley McGuire and Walter Glenn (Pinky) Greenfelder were married that morning in the St. Mary parsonage. The bride wore a gown of navy blue velvet trimmed with gold buttons and hat to match. She carried gardenias and Tallsman roses.
Dec. 7, 1941
The Imperial Japanese Navy executed a surprise military strike on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

Evening Independent did not publish on Sundays. The news of the attack hit the pages of the newspaper the next day.
Dec. 8, 1941
A large headline in capital letters screamed from the front page of The Evening Independent, "War is declared on Japan by U.S."

The newspaper reported 3,000 were dead and wounded in Honolulu and two U.S. warships were destroyed by the air attack.

"Relatives anxious as city takes steps for defense," a headline read. Parents and relatives awaited word from eight city soldiers and sailors and a nurse stationed at Pearl Harbor and Honolulu. The accompanying story reminded readers "frequently in time of war, no news is good news, and all were hoping for the best."

City officials began laying out plans to protect city industries engaged in vital defense work.

Mayor Harry W. Lash organized a home defense committee and Police Chief Stanley Switter ordered department members to be prepared to report for duty at any time in case of an emergency. Patrolmen were instructed to be alert to protect the city and industries against possible sabotage.

Rail bridges were being guarded by railroad company employees, and all private pilot certificates and private flying were suspended.

Republican Steel announced at the local plant that every precaution was being taken and whatever defense authorities required in the way of protection would be done. Work on a fence around the plant was nearly complete.

At Griscom-Russell Co., which was producing weapons and ammunition for the Navy, steps to safeguard the plant were taken.

A special collection spearheaded by the Massillon Knights of Columbus was taken at local Catholic churches to provide Christmas boxes for all boys of those parishes in any branch of the service.

At Washington High School, a new term of defense training started that night. Classes included blueprint reading, sheet metal layout, motor mechanics, welding, machine shop and more. The classes would help fill national defense jobs in plants working on defense orders.

The Ohio Bankers Association cautioned banks to exercise extreme care to prevent transfers of funds which might find their way to axis nations or subversive activities.
Dec. 9, 1941
The Evening Independent reported there were several air raid warnings in San Fransico and in New York. All air fields were on alert.

Closer to home, families still were waiting to hear if their loved ones had survived the Japanese attack.

Residents were urged to buy defense bonds or stamps to help defeat Japan. "The Evening Independent urges all Americans to support your government with your dollars," a story about the bonds said.

The Ohio Council provided instruction for organizing auxiliary police and fire squads and nursing assistant corps. Schools were told they could give pupils military training in place of physical education.

Local residents told The Evening Independent the U.S. could not have assured peace by giving Japan a free reign in the Orient. Residents felt the U.S. had no option but to become involved in World War II. The U.S., they said, must remain a power.
Dec. 11, 2014
Area residents got their first real glimpse into the war when 450 motorized units carrying 1,500 men of the 61st Coast Artillery from Illinois to an undisclosed location traveled along U.S. Route 30.

The government was considering broadening the selective service process allowing for more able-bodied men and women to serve in the military or civilian positions.

The local Red Cross began a campaign to raise $15,000, the city's share of the $50 million emergency war relief fund.

Life in Massillon continued despite the intensifying war. A story in the paper reminded residents Washington High School would perform its annual presentation of Handel's "Messiah."
Dec. 12, 1941
Family of Marine William Bonk, who was stated at Midway Island, and Dorothy Tyler, a government service nurse stationed in Hawaii, received word that they were safe.

A group of employees from local industry established a One Hour Club, believed to be the first of its kind in the nation. Employees in the club agreed to contribute one hour of their pay each week to purchase defense savings stamps.

The mayor named 35 members to the city's civil defense commission, including Grant Esterling, vice president of First National Bank, who would chair the group. Other members included representatives from local utilities, businesses, Red Cross, hospital, schools, The Evening Independent and Massillon Woman's Club.
Dec. 16, 1941
Among the advertisements for Christmas presents, the city learned of its first causalities at Pearl Harbor. Twenty-five year-old LaVerne McCarthy, a machinist's mate, was killed as well as Machinist's Mate First Class Robert R. Scott, 26. Families of the men received a telegraph telling of their loved one's demise.

"The Navy Department deeply regrets to inform you that your son was lost in action in performance of his duty and in service to his country," the telegraph read.

The telegram, signed by Rear Admiral C.W. Nimitz, chief of the bureau of navigation, asked the family to not divulge the name of the ship where their sailor was stationed or its location to "prevent possible aid to enemies."

The story about the sailors' deaths did not indicate what ship they were on. The sailors were aboard the U.S.S. California.

The families were deeply shocked. Knowing their loved ones were in the danger zone, they lived in apprehension since the bombing nine days earlier, the story said.

Scott would later be posthumously awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. There are several accounts of Scott's courageous decision that ultimately led to his death. When the attack began, Scott was stationed at his post when the California trembled as an enemy torpedo ripped through her side. Water rushed in to the California. Despite the damage to the ship, the anti-aircraft guns were still firing. The water began to flood Scott's compartment but he refused to leave his post. He told his shipmates that he would stay and give the men above air as long as the guns are going. He died at his post.

Locally, Scott is honored in the Medal of Honor Park, on a plaque along Diamond Quart, and on a plaque hanging in the Massillon Public Library.

In 1943, the destroyer escort USS Scott (DE-214) was named in the sailor's honor. A former Ohio State University student, the Scott House dormitory is named after him.
Dec. 17, 1941
Ten days after the attack, locals finally got a look at the devastation left by the Japanese bombers.
Dec. 18, 1941
Crowds of men showed up at City Hall answering the mayor's call to appoint temporary police to help in case of an emergency.

Mr. and Mrs. George Layton received a telegram with the simple phrase "Am fine, don't worry" from their son Robert, who was anti-aircraft division in Honolulu.

In the story detailing the Laytons' joy, the writer points out, "America is at war. Nervous fingers will open many telegrams until a new day brings the dawn of peace again."

Mrs. Layton expressed her sorrow to the families of Robert Scott and LaVerne McCarthy, adding she hoped other parents would get the same relief that she and her husband did learning their son was alive and OK.

That same day, the editor of the newspaper published a reminder to residents to be calm, be cautious and be careful as they go about their lives. Photos illustrated what to do in case of an air raid: Keep phone lines open for air raid wardens; don't look out windows; turn off all gas connections; keep bathtubs; buckets and kettles filled with water; do not use elevators and move to middle floors of tall buildings.

"Forewarned is thrice-armed," the editor wrote. "Staying alive is a valuable asset to Uncle Sam."
Dec. 24, 1941
With reports of Japanese invaders 75 miles from Manila, Massillon mom Mrs. George Kutscher was shown in a photo on the front page of the The Evening Independent receiving a gift from her son Sgt. Robert Kutscher.

The scene, the newspaper reported, will be played out in so many homes, but some sons won't be home for Christmas.

The city had much to celebrate though the reality of the war left a grim uncertainty.

"It happens to fall in the midst of one of the most prosperous periods in the history of the city," a news report said.

Most residents had many reasons to be joyful after months of great industry, improved employment and large payrolls, but with the war came an uncertain future.
Reach Amy at 330-775-1135 or amy.knapp@indeonline.com. On Twitter: @aknappINDE

PERRY TWP. The Canal Fulton Community Band will recognize the 75th anniversary of Pearl Harbor performing patriotic songs at 7:30 p.m. today at Exploration Gateway, 5710-5712 12th St. NW.

Local veterans will be honored and presented handmade quilts at intermission. The second half of the concert will feature holiday selections.

Concert recalls Pearl Harbor, honors vets

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Families feared for loved ones after bombs fell on Pearl Harbor

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Wednesday is the 75th anniversary of the attack.

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This source helped clarify how gender roles had an impact on Pearl Harbor. After Pearl Harbor incident, gender roles were more visible as men were put to work, almost working like slaves. George observed this practice during concentration camps.

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The federal government and industrial leaders attempted to reassure a skeptical public and limit the potentially radical gender changes that women's work posed by casting them as patriotic and necessary and by portraying women workers as the epitome of femininity. "Rosie" might have taken on new roles riveting airplanes or producing munitions, countless posters, films, and newsreels, but she remained feminine with manicured nails, carefully applied lipstick, and styled hair. Moreover, despite her confident attitude and capabilities, she was only a temporary aberration, eager to give up her welding goggles and steel-toed boots for domestic bliss at the war's end.

When victory came, some women were more than ready to return to domestic life, but even those who wanted or needed to continue working found their options severely limited as men returned home and demands for war materials decreased. Without the war to justify the unconventional work of women, many employers pushed women out of the higher-paying positions they had held during the war, out of the workforce entirely, or into lower paying and less secure "pink collar" jobs. Wartime work proved transformative for many women who had embraced its challenges and enjoyed its benefits, but personnel policies at the end of the war moved men and women back into the roles that aligned with prewar gender understandings.

Men on the Home Front likewise found that the war introduced a number of potential challenges to common understandings of their proper roles. While many men perceived the expanding roles of women as a threat, their own status as civilians posed another. The popularization of combat soldiers as ideal men excluded civilian men on the Home Front who, in response, associated themselves with acceptable ideas of masculinity in other ways.

Although the image of a hearty, muscular GI fighting in combat became the image of the ideal American man during World War II, few men actually served in that role. Most men who remained on the Home Front were simply not selected in the draft, were too old to serve, or were disqualified or exempted from service for a variety of reasons. While they were not the idealized GI Joe, they insisted that as "soldiers of production" their wartime contributions were just as valuable and that they were just as manly as the soldiers fighting abroad. Many men emphasized the physical dangers of their work as evidence that they were real men. Government and industry propaganda images of male workers supported this association by adopting the image of the muscular laborer as the equivalent of the soldier and by insisting that the laborer was essential to the soldier's success.

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Gender on the Home Front | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans

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Wartime needs increased labor demands for both male and female workers, heightened domestic hardships and responsibilities, and intensified pressures for Americans to conform to social and cultural norms.