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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What Is Syntax in Grammar?": Oregon State Guide to Grammar

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What was the original literal meaning of syntax in Greek?

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What was the original literal meaning of syntax in Greek?

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The term "syntax" has its roots in Greek and essentially denotes "putting together" or "arrangement."

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“A prepositional phrase rewrites as a preposition followed by a noun"

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“A prepositional phrase rewrites as a preposition followed by a noun"

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While many prepositional phrases do consist of a preposition followed by a noun, there are instances where the noun is accompanied by modifiers or other elements, such as articles, adjectives, or even other phrases. So, the rule does not accurately capture the full complexity of English syntactic structure.

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The following expression is structurally ambiguous "How come a bed has four legs, but only one foot?"

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The following expression is structurally ambiguous "How come a bed has four legs, but only one foot?"

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The term "foot" is ambiguous, as it could refer to the foot of a bed or to a unit of measurement.

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What part of speech is lovely in the following sentence? "We saw a lovely rainbow yesterday"

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What part of speech is lovely in the following sentence? "We saw a lovely rainbow yesterday"

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In the sentence "We saw a lovely rainbow yesterday," "lovely" functions as an adjective, modifying the noun "rainbow" by describing its quality.

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How many noun phrases are there in the following sentence?  "George saw a small dog in the park near the fountain and it followed him when he left the park."

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How many noun phrases are there in the following sentence?  "George saw a small dog in the park near the fountain and it followed him when he left the park."

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There are four noun phrases in the sentence "George saw a small dog in the park near the fountain and it followed him when he left the park":

1. "George" (proper noun)

2. "a small dog" (noun phrase)

3. "the park near the fountain" (noun phrase)

4. "him" (pronoun, functioning as a noun phrase)

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In the sentence "None of the people in the building supported the proposed rent increase," the verb phrase (VP) is "supported the proposed rent increase.

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In the sentence "None of the people in the building supported the proposed rent increase," the verb phrase (VP) is "supported the proposed rent increase.

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 "The widow" - Fits the pattern "Art N" (article + noun), so it is generated by the rule.

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 "The widow" - Fits the pattern "Art N" (article + noun), so it is generated by the rule.

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 What is the distinction made between “competence” and “performance” in the study of syntax?

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 What is the distinction made between “competence” and “performance” in the study of syntax?

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Competence focuses on the underlying knowledge of language, while performance deals with the real-world use of language in communicative situations.

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What kind of generative rule is this:  "N → {girl, dog, boy}"

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What kind of generative rule is this:  "N → {girl, dog, boy}"

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It is a lexical rule. It generates specific lexical items or words (in this case, nouns) directly without any further decomposition. This rule simply says that you can make a noun (N) by picking one of these words: "girl," "dog," or "boy." It's like having a list of options for nouns.

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Do phrase structure rules represent deep structure or surface structure?

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Do phrase structure rules represent deep structure or surface structure?

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Phrase structure rules describe the fundamental structure of language, showing how words come together to form meaningful units. This structure is the foundation upon which sentences are built, representing the underlying organization of language before any surface-level variations or modifications are applied.