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Definition: The emotion or feeling the reader gets from reading.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQq7XZ_Im34

The mood of a story is the feeling the reader gets from the writing, while the tone of a story is the writer's feeling about the topic. Adjectives that describe emotion are used to describe mood and adjectives that describe attitude are used to describe tone.

Example: Swift as a deer. Quiet as a shadow. Fear cuts deeper than words. Quick as a snake. Calm as still water.

-a song of ice and fire by George R. R. Martin.(got this from Ms. JB class)

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Definition: What a story or movies is about.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMUr-kTMhuw

For example, a story might describe a basketball team that works together to beat a team of more talented players that do not work well together. The reader can infer the central idea: hard work and togetherness are more important than sheer talent. Looking at key details can help you determine the central idea.(got this from google)

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Definition: Proving your point on a subject or topic you are talking about with someone who's disagrees and have a different opinion.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_yf9q5xiF4

Argumentative writing is collecting and presenting evidence, allowing the reader to make an informed decision regarding the topic.

Parts of Argumentative Writing:

claim-The claim is the position being taken in the argument. Example: Liberal arts is best [claim] because it teaches students independent thinking [reason];

reasons- A logical evidence that supports the claim. Example: Liberal arts is best [claim] because it teaches students independent thinking [reason];

evidence- used to strengthen a claim, support an argument or reach a conclusion. Example: previous studies done on the topic, surveys of large groups of people, data points

counterclaim-the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument Example: Many people argue that bullying is a natural part of our humanity and that preventative measures are ineffective against this element of the human condition; however, they fail to understand that bullying is a cycle that has been perpetuated for centuries and that all cycles can be broken.

rebuttal- a rebuttal is your opportunity to counter an opposing argument. Example: The question at hand is not how convenient is homework, but rather does it promote student learning?(got this from google)

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Definition: Context Clues are hints that the author gives to help define a unknown words.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLqhUgGMv7A

Example: Atiba was so hungry that for lunch he consumed three sandwiches and a quart of milk.

The sentence gives context clues that atiba was hungry.

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Kemarley Graham

Period: 1

Teacher: JONAS-BENNETT

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Definition: The authors choice of words and how it makes the reader feels

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shTia78xIXg

Tone in literature refers to the author's attitude toward a certain topic. Through specific word choice, the author reveals their feelings and opinions to the reader, conveying the author's intentions behind the text. The tone of a story is always described using an adjective.

Example-Excited: “I couldn't wait to go to the carnival, smell the hot dogs, taste the cotton candy, and feel the exhilaration of riding the Ferris Wheel!” Dark: “I'd rather kill myself than be caught dead at a carnival.”(got this from google)

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Literary elements

Informational Elements

Vocabulary

Writing

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Definition: the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

Website: https://youtu.be/zehhylLlnv8

An author's choice of words. Since words have specific meanings, and since one's choice of words can affect feelings, a writer's choice of words can have great impact in a literary work.

types of diction: Colloquial-example: Y'all are gonna wanna see the wicked test Hank is doing.

Slang-example: Hank's test is far out, but the results ain't going to be groovy.(got this from google)

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Definition: Theme is the moral of a story.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2XYTlnfjgA

Example: Life and death. Life and death is another common theme in literature because everybody experiences both life and death. (got this from Ms. JB class)

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Definition: Figurative language is a type of communication that does not use a word's strict or realistic meaning

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlfzDvrhzuU

Common in comparisons and exaggerations, figurative language is usually used to add creative flourish to written or spoken language or explain a complicated idea.

Types of figurative language: simile, hyperbole, and Metaphor.

A simile is comparing two thing using the words "like" or "as". example: My teacher is as busy as a bee.

A hyperbole is a exaggeration statements or claim for emphasis or effect. example: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.(got this from my note book)

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Definition: Rhetorical appeals of an argument that make it persuasive.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzL75zZ2tiQ

types of rhetorical appeals-Logos appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments. example: We will not give you a larger bonus than your coworkers that is against our company's fairness

Ethos appeals to the speaker's status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them. example: We will not give you a larger bonus than your coworkers: that is against our company's ethos of fairness.

Pathos appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic. Example: If we don't move soon, we're all going to die! Can't you see how dangerous it would be to stay? I'm not just invested in this community — I love every building, every business, every hard-working member of this town.

Kairos is used to persuade an audience that the argument is relevant to them at that precise moment. example: people were more likely to give to charities related to families and businesses soon after the 9/11 tragedy than they are now. (got this from a YouTube video)-(cant find the video no more to get the link)

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Definition: A device used to persuade the audience

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bh6P0iw2k30

A rhetorical device is a use of language that is intended to have an effect on its audience.

Types of rhetoric device: Repetition-example: I have to practice my times tables over so I can learn them vs I have to practice my times tables over and over and over again so I can learn them.

figurative language-example: The tree limbs knocked on his window as the wind blew.

rhetorical question-example: Wouldn't you feel happier if you could wear what you wanted to school?

(got this from Ms. JB class)

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Definition: This tells where does the certain words come from

Website: https://study.com/academy/lesson/video/the-etymology-of-words.html

Etymology is the study of the origin of words, their meanings, and how they have evolved over time. Etymology helps in uncovering the history and evolution of language by examining definitions, and connections between words in different languages.

example: the word example is the late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin exemplum, from eximere ‘take out’, from ex- ‘out’ + emere ‘take’. Compare with sample. (got this from google)

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Definitions: Denotation is the literal meaning of a word, and connotation is the underlying feeling or emotion associated with that word.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0akeQMlvcAs

For example, the word “rose” means a kind of flower. That's its denotation. This is different from what the word makes people feel or think about, which is called connotation. (got this from a YouTube video)-(cant find the video no more to get the link)

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Definition: Text structures refer to the way authors organize information in text

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kWGQ-_ipBY

Recognizing the underlying structure of texts can help students focus attention on key concepts and relationships, anticipate what is to come, and monitor their comprehension as they read.

Types of text structure: compare and contrast: example-Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and acidic.

problem and solution: example- Problem: Her bedroom is such a mess. Solution: She should clean her bedroom and make it tidy.(made this up with some of my friends help

(got this from google)

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Definition: a style of composition that exposes or explains a topic using facts.

Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5IPrxafggQ

a style of composition that exposes or explains a topic using facts. Expository writing often includes a thesis statement, supportive information, explanatory paragraphs and a conclusion that summarizes the information.

parts of informative writing:

introduction: This part tells the reader what the story is about this is called the thesis, it also contains the background information, and hook. -For example: "Ladies and gentlemen, without further ado, it is my pleasure to introduce you to the Founder and CEO of Tasty Sweets, Mrs. Rachel Malloy." "Emily, Luis and Trent, I would like to introduce you to my grandmother, Mrs. Joan O'Malley."https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-do-introductions#:~:text=For%20example%3A,.%20Joan%20O'Malley.%22

body: A body paragraph topic sentence introduces the main idea of the paragraph and tells the reader what to expect. For example- if an essay is laying out an argument, the topic sentence of the body paragraph should reveal which point in the argument will be discussed in that paragraph.https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-body-paragraph-definition-examples-quiz.html

conclusion: Your conclusion paragraph should logically conclude your essay, just like your concluding sentences logically conclude your body paragraphs. The conclusion paragraph should begin by restating your thesis, and then you should broaden back out to a general topic. End with a closing statement. https://edtechbooks.org/academic_a_writing/conclusion_paragraph#:~:text=Your%20conclusion%20paragraph%20should%20logically,End%20with%20a%20closing%20statement.

Here is an example of an effective conclusion paragraph: "Though there has been much debate on the subject, it is clear that democratic leadership is the best form of management for the modern workplace. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-write-a-conclusion#:~:text=Here%20is%20an%20example%20of,management%20for%20the%20modern%20workplace.