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영어 진짜 진짜 최종 30604 김태하

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2023학년 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가(최종) 30103 김지성 2차

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2023학년도 3학년 1학기 영어독해와작문 프로젝트

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2023학년도 3학년 1학기 영어독해와작문 프로젝트

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수행평가1.
1)  Google an article about the problem and the solution that you want to write about by using the internet.
* 텍스트 찾기 (2점)
2) Read the article and summarize it.
* 텍스트 속 단어 정리하기 (4점)
* 텍스트 우리말로 요약하기 (4점)

수행평가2.
1) Write about the problem and the solution.
* 문제와 해결방안을 10문장으로 쓰기 (10점)

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2023학년 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가(최종) 30103김지성

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포모 증후군 뜻, 증상, 원인, 해결 방법(FOMO Syndrome) (tistory.com)

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여러분들은 포모 증후군에 대해 들어보셨나요?

이번 시간에는 현대인의 질병 중 하나!

포모 증후군에 대해서 알려드리겠습니다.

포모(FOMO)는 ' Fear Of Missing Out '의 앞 글자를 딴 말입니다.

거기에 일련의 증상을 뜻하는 ' Syndrome'과 합친 단어죠.

심각한 두려움을 나타내는 일종의 고립 공포감을 뜻합니다.

우리나라에서는 ' 소외불안증후군' 또는 ' 고립 공포증' 등으로 말하기도 합니다.

포모 현상은 마케팅 분야에서 처음 인식되었는데요.
'한정 수량' '매진 임박' '물량이 얼마 남지 않았습니다. 지금 바로 전화주세요!'
지금도 자주 쓰이는 문구입니다.

이러한 기법들이 대표적인 포모 마케팅의 예 입니다.

포모(FOMO)를 사회적 병리 현상 중 하나로 여기기 시작한 것은

2004년 이후입니다.

옥스퍼드와 하버드대학에서 포모에 대한 연구를 시작해

많은 수의 논문을 내놨는데요.

이때부터 포모가 질병으로 취급되기 시작하였습니다.
1. 지금 어딘가에서 나 말고 다른 사람들에게는 흥미롭고 멋진 일이 일어나고 있을 듯한 느낌. 2. 나는 그대로인데 다른 사람들은 앞서가는 것 같아 불안하고 두려움을 느끼는 증상. 3. 자신만 놓치고, 소외되는 것 같은 불안감을 느끼는 증상.
이런 증상을 겪어보신 적 있으신가요?

"쟤네들 인스타그램 보니까 또 해외여행 갔더라?"

"나 말고 다 애플 쓰고 있네."

"그 친구들은 주식으로 1억 벌었어."

"다른 사람들은 비트코인으로 부자가 됐더라."

SNS를 하면서 자주 느끼는 감정이죠?

주로 다른 사람의 SNS의 게시물을 보면 이런 감정들이 생기곤 합니다.

이 밖에 코인 열풍인 가상화폐 투자나 주식뿐만 아니라 부동산 투자 등

여러 분야에 걸쳐 생길 수 있는 증상입니다.

전문가들은 그 원인을 스마트폰의 보급과 SNS의 발달로 인해 야기되는

'스마트폰 중독현상'이 주원인이라고 말하고 있습니다.

이 외 노모포비아, 디지털 격리, 팬텀 바이브레이션 증후군 같은 현상도 있는데요.

노모포비아(Nomophobia)

'No mobile-phone phobia'의 줄임말이며,

스마트폰이 없는 상황을 견디지 못하는 현상을 말합니다.

스마트폰이 없으면 다른 사람들 사이에서 소외될까 두려우며,

사람과 직접 만나서 이야기하는 것보다

스마트폰을 통한 의사소통을 훨씬 편하게 느끼는 것이죠.

디지털 격리 증후군(Digital isolated syndrome)

사람을 직접 대면하는 것보다 스마트폰으로 소통하는 것을

요즘 스마트폰으로 쇼핑하고, SNS로 소통하는 것이 일반적입니다.

그래서 매장 방문이나, 직접 만나 얘기하는 것을 어려워하는 분들이 많죠.

이러한 증상이 심해질수록 상대와 교감하고 대인관계를 형성하는 데 어려움이 따르게 됩니다.

팬텀 바이브레이션 증후군(Phantom Vibration Syndrome)

우리말로 '유령 진동 증후군'입니다.

아무 연락도 없는데 주머니 속에서 마치 진동한 것처럼 느끼는 현상이죠.

단순한 착각을 넘어서 누군가의 연락을 과하게 신경 쓰는 것이며,

심해질수록 우울감, 불안감 등 정신 질환으로 이어질 수도 있습니다.
해결책은 단연 스마트폰 사용을 줄이는 데 있습니다.
'스마트 쉼 센터'의 '스마트폰 바른 사용 실천 가이드 활용 매뉴얼'에 따르면
1. SNS는 목적이 있는 경우에만 사용하기 2. 불필요할 때는 SNS 알람 끄기 3. SNS는 오프라인 인맥을 강화시키는 일부에 불과하다는 인식과 함께 친구 추가는 꼭 필요한 사람만 하기. 4. 잠을 잘 때는 스마트폰을 손에 닿지 않는 거리에 두기 5. 멀리 있는 온라인 친구보다 가까이 있는 가족과 대화하기 6. 스마트폰을 멀리하고 대안활동 찾기 7. 모든 순간을 기록하려고 애쓰지 말기 8. 업무나 수업 중 집중이 필요한 시간에는 방해금지 및 비행기 모드 기능으로 돌려놓기
등의 방안을 제시했습니다.

'포모 증후군이 우리를 수동적으로 만든다'라고 지적했습니다.

또한 SNS 페 이스북의 창시자 마크 주커버그 는

'FOMO'를 'JOMO'로 바꾸라'라고 말했습니다.

※ 'FOMO(fear of missing out)'

놓치는 것을 두려워하다.

※ 'JOMO(Joy of missing out)'

남들에게서 한 발짝 멀어져 나 자신을 볼 때,

사람은 좀 더 자기 자신에게 가까워진다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.

"포모 증후군에서 벗어나는 가장 핵심적인 방법은

일정한 거리가 주는 안정감에 익숙해지게 아닐까요?"

'나만 빼고 다 즐거워 보이고'

'나 말고 다 잘되는 것 같고'

스마트폰, SNS를 통해 남의 삶이 아니라

내 삶에 대해 집중해 보는 계기가 되었으면 합니다.

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안녕하세요. 어느덧 6월이 시작되었습니다. 여러분들은 포모 증후군에 대해 들어보셨나요? 이번 시간에는 현대인의 질병 중 하나! 포모 증후군에 대해서 알려드리겠습니다. 지금 바로 시작합니다. * 포모 증후군(FOMO Syndrome)이란? 포모(FOMO)는 'Fear Of Missing Out'의 앞 글자를 딴 말입니다. 거기에 일련의 증상을 뜻하는 'Syndrome'과 합친 단어죠. 즉, 자신만 세상의 흐름에서 제외되고 있다는 심각한 두려움을 나타내는 일종의 고립 공포감을 뜻합니다.

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수행평가를 위한 안내자료 및 개인수행자료 탑재용 패들렛 주소

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https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/from-coal-to-solar-or-wind

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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world will have to reduce its coal use by 73% to 97% by 2050 to be able to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

Taken at face value, reducing coal use immediately, irrespective of the costs, may seem like a no-brainer. But given the huge number of people and regions dependent on coal, the reality is more complicated. Take India, for example. A transition of this magnitude in that country would likely eliminate most coal mining jobs-a sector that provided 8.4 million jobs in India and elsewhere in 2021.

An energy transition away from coal needs to be a just one-that is, it must mitigate the risks of job loss and other negative impacts on workers employed in the coal sector in countries like India, Indonesia, and South Africa. To do that, it will have to be planned primarily around the people who are dependent on coal.

Can renewable jobs replace coal jobs?

Not only do just transition plans-including the retraining of coal miners to ensure employability-protect fairness for the workers who are affected, but they are also important for increasing public acceptability for the move away from coal to clean energy. That's not only because coal miners constitute an important voter base. Indeed, these plans speak to the public's conviction that the high cost of moving away from fossil fuels must not be borne by those who are most vulnerable to job loss.

The policy discourse in India favors using the renewable energy sector as a safe haven for jobs lost in coal mines. Policy priorities are hinging on renewables to create millions of jobs in India. Ernst & Young reports, moreover, that in India, "the states which are likely to be most impacted by the transition in the short term have huge potential for renewable energy which can be leveraged to create job opportunities for workers after re-skilling."

Location is important; evidence from developed countries shows that coal miners do not prefer to migrate when laid off, and have historically not been compensated fairly. Coal miners who lose their jobs are often older, less skilled, and possess strong links to their local communities. In India, too, there is no precedent for displaced coal miners to be provided fair resettlement and rehabilitation support.

But will local employment in renewables, namely solar and wind, be enough to secure a just transition?

To make an assessment, I estimated the future potential magnitude of local employment in the solar and wind sector, while acknowledging that workers may transition to jobs in other sectors. This methodology can be expanded into other sectors, such as hydrogen, geothermal, bioenergy, or sectors outside of energy.

Does the math work out? The short answer is: It depends on where.

Modeling India's transition from coal to solar and wind

There are 459 operational coal mines spread across 51 districts in 12 states in India. A host of factors determines the potential to replace coal production with utility-scale solar and wind projects at each mine. I looked at two: the availability of solar and wind resources (the sun and the wind) and the availability of land. In India, land use is especially important; renewables have to compete with many other uses, even as they face tricky debates over livelihoods, land rights, and more.

Putting together data on average solar and wind availability, favorable land use classes, and coal mine locations, you get a map of potential transition regions (See Figure 1 below).

Figure 1

The zones marked in red are buffer areas within a 20-kilometer radius of an existing mine, so that the workers would not likely have to move locations.

Incidentally, they all either meet the floor for solar power of 4 kilowatt hours per square meter per day on average over the long term or the baseline wind speed of 6.9 meters per second on average over the long term or both.

Finally, although there is little consensus in India regarding the type of land that can be used for the generation of renewable energy, some area within these buffer zones is listed by ESRI as bare ground or rangeland. For wind power, in addition to wasteland, cultivable land is also used.

To estimate the jobs these sites could generate compared to the jobs lost, I combined land data with data on operational coal mines from Sandeep Pai, who filed multiple Right to Information act applications with the Government of India, to create a detailed dataset of existing jobs in the coal sector. To estimate gains (or losses), I multiplied solar and wind potential with the highest-end estimate of jobs per unit of renewable energy produced at any given site, as reported in this study. The resulting gained jobs can broadly be distinguished between manufacturing jobs-like manufacturing solar panels, which are relatively more independent of location-and operations and maintenance (O&M) jobs, which are location-specific (that is, around a coal mine). The permanence of O&M jobs in the solar and wind power generation industry is similar to that of O&M jobs in coal. Still, not all jobs have a one-to-one substitution, and some of the jobs produced will be easier to transition into than others.

How Coal and Renewable Jobs Stack Up

Figure 2: Coal mining jobs for all coal-producing districts in India (2020)

As of 2020, the 51 coal-producing districts in India directly employed 743,601 people. Detailed subnational data from Coal India and its subsidiaries show that these jobs are predominantly concentrated in the east of the country, with the top ten districts for coal mining jobs in the east, including in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal. These four districts alone accounted for 75% of the total jobs and for the production of 466 MT of coal. (Only one of the top ten districts-coming in at tenth place-was not in the east, Maharashtra.

Dhanbad, Jharkhand; Korba, Chhattisgarh; and Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, were the top three localities for direct employment in the coal sector, with 122,348; 91,106; and 68,352 jobs, respectively.

Figure 2: Solar and wind job potential in all the coal-producing districts in India

All of India's coal-producing districts have the potential to create jobs in the renewables sector, especially in the solar industry (only Bhavnagar and Kachchh in Gujarat have the potential to generate wind energy).

Among the coal-producing districts, Barmer and Bikaner in Rajasthan and Kachchh in Gujarat are the top three districts for renewable energy-related jobs, with 636,683; 574,042; and 579,396, respectively. Surat in Gujarat, Tinsukia in Assam, and Deoghar in Jharkhand have the lowest potential to create solar and wind energy-related jobs at 760; 1,147; and 1,742 jobs, respectively.

Figure 3: Job surplus in the top 30 coal-producing districts of India

Fifteen districts (producing 62% of India's coal) do not have enough jobs in the wind and solar sector to absorb workers who would be left jobless during a transition away from coal. On aggregate, these are larger producers of coal than the districts that would have a job surplus, and they tend to be in the east of the country. Korba, India's top coal-producing district, is also in a deficit of 35,566 jobs. Dhanbad in Jharkhand has a deficit of 105,290.

Of the three districts with the highest jobs surplus, all are in Rajasthan, in India's west. In fact, Barmer in Rajasthan, which produced only 5.6 MT of coal in 2020, has the highest surplus at 67,754 jobs.

India's Dependence on Coal Goes Deeper than Energy

Central to India's transition away from coal is the issue of employment. In 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that, while a clean energy transition could create additional jobs, these may not be located close to coal miners. That fact is abundantly clear in India.

And as stark as the numbers are here, the true mismatch may be even greater. Jobs in the informal economy could dry up, too, when coal jobs do. Millions of people rely on the informal economy surrounding coal in Indian states. For instance, rickshaw pullers may earn $3-$7 to make a 60km roundtrip to transport between 15- 450 kilograms of coal to the nearest city. By itself, the informal economy (third-party vendors, transporters, laborers) around coal likely increases dependency on coal to 20 million people.

And then there are the taxes, subsidies, and revenue. Coal-producing districts receive revenues in the form of rents and taxes from coal mines. The central government also established the District Mineral Foundation Funds in 2015 to collect funds from mining companies for mining-affected districts to be used for the welfare of the community and to protect the environment. Between 2015 and 2021, 40% of these funds ($3 billion) came from coal and lignite production.

India needs to draw down its coal-related emissions. But rather than assuming all workers left jobless by the transition will find immediate employment with renewables, policymakers must get serious about identifying additional employment opportunities and compensation packages and to provide the resources necessary for workers to shift away from coal successfully. They must also consider the replacement of revenue streams for community welfare and environmental protection currently provided by the production of coal.

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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world will have to reduce its coal use by 73% to 97% by 2050 to be able to limit global warming to 1.5°C. Taken at face value, reducing coal use immediately, irrespective of the costs, may seem like a no-brainer.

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https://news.siu.edu/2019/03/032619-research-studies-impact-of-obesity-on-academics.php

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by Hannah Erickson

CARBONDALE, Ill. - With rates of childhood obesity tripling in the United States over the last 40 years, researchers continue to find negative impacts beyond just long-term health.

While current literature supports the idea that obesity does have some impact on student grades and academic success, new research from Southern Illinois University Carbondale finds a correlation that may point to the root problem.
Peer interaction affecting academic performance
When Jebaraj Asirvatham, assistant professor of agribusiness economics at SIU, and his fellow researchers from the University of Arkansas, first started looking at the issue of obesity and academics, several factors seemed to be in play.

"In many cases we see higher rates of teasing in obese children," Asirvatham said. "This could put more psychological strain on them, along with causing social and behavioral problems."

At the same time, other findings support the idea that physical activity increases brain function, which may be another factor in this question. Obese children tend to be less involved in active behaviors, which could affect their cognitive reasoning skills, Asirvatham explained.

However, after conducting research on K-12 children in Arkansas, the team believes the reduced academic performances stems from poor relationships and peer interaction.

The whole pattern seems to be a bit of a circle, Asirvatham explained. Obese children tend to be less physically active, which affects peer interaction and their ability to play with other children - in effect negatively impacting social bonding. This social issue often causes fewer healthy interactions.
Stigmas are the key problem, not cognitive ability
While stigmas do not always manifest as obvious bullying, they still play a part in a child's security and confidence. Whenever a behavior or feature becomes normal, stigmas often lessen. This seems to be the case for childhood obesity as well.

"What we find is as the percentage of obese kids increase, the negative effect on their performance goes down," Asirvatham said. "This means that when more kids become obese, it becomes more normalized and the negative impact reduces."

These findings suggest the lower academic performance stems from psychological, behavioral and social factors, rather than a decrease in overall cognitive ability. The teasing and exclusion has the core impact on the child, while the obesity is just the beginning reason for the stigma.

When the researchers tested the same data on overweight kids who did not look visibly different from normal weight children, the results showed nothing. This again supports the idea that reduced performance is stigma based, and not reflective of a child's potential or ability.
Practical implications for educators and parents
As one of the first groups to look beyond the correlation between childhood obesity and lowered academic performance, this research offers practical assistance and insight to current educators and parents.

When teachers recognize children who seem to be more reserved, isolated or stigmatized, taking active steps to integrate the child into the classroom can help their overall performance.

"If teachers see a few kids in class who aren't participating and interacting, they shouldn't assume it is just a personality difference," Asirvatham said. "Rather, they can encourage the kids to participate and build those peer relationships."

Another beneficial option is to add non-physical activities to the classroom schedule, to include the students who may not feel as comfortable in an active setting, Asirvatham suggested. This helps to reduce the stigma for these children and limit the psychological impact on them. While these steps may not change everything for a child, teachers can start with controlling the environment in the classroom.

One of Asirvatham's goals was to make this research accessible, basic and practical for the teachers. The concepts are easily implementable without assessments or trainings, he explained. The key is to recognize when a child is struggling, and then offer them the best support possible.

"Fostering peer relationships is key for the child's learning," Asirvatham said. "This helps to reduce loneliness, depression and isolation."

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Childhood obesity often affects academic performance: now we may know why

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by Hannah Erickson CARBONDALE, Ill. - With rates of childhood obesity tripling in the United States over the last 40 years, researchers continue to find negative impacts beyond just long-term health. While current literature supports the idea that obesity does have some impact on student grades and academic success, new research from Southern Illinois University Carbondale finds a correlation that may point to the root problem.

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What Is Environmental Economics?

Environmental economics is an area of economics that studies the financial impact of environmental policies. Environmental economists perform studies to determine the theoretical or empirical effects of environmental policies on the economy. This helps governments design appropriate environmental policies and analyze the effects and merits of existing or proposed policies.

Key Takeaways

Understanding Environmental Economics

The basic theory underpinning environmental economics is that environmental amenities (or environmental goods) have economic value and there are costs to economic growth that are not accounted for in more traditional models.

Environmental goods include things like access to clean water, clean air, the survival of wildlife, and the general climate. Although it is hard to put a price tag on environmental goods, there may be a high cost when they are lost. Environmental goods are usually difficult to fully privatize and subject to the tragedy of the commons.

Destruction or overuse of environmental goods, like pollution and other kinds of environmental degradation, can represent a form of market failure because it imposes negative externalities. Environmental economists analyze the costs and benefits of specific economic policies that seek to correct such problems, and they may run theoretical tests or studies on the possible consequences of these policies.

Strategies in Environmental Economics

Environmental economists are concerned with identifying specific problems, but there can be many approaches to solving the same environmental issue. If a state is trying to impose a transition to clean energy, for example, they have several options. The government can impose a fixed limit on carbon emissions, or it can adopt more incentive-based solutions, like placing quantity-based taxes on emissions or offering tax credits to companies that adopt renewable power sources.

All of these strategies rely on state intervention in the market, but some governments prefer to use a light touch and others may be more assertive. The degree of acceptable state intervention is an important political factor in determining environmental economic policy.

Broadly speaking, environmental economics may produce two types of policies:

Prescriptive Regulations

In a prescriptive approach, the government dictates specific measures to reduce environmental harm. For example, they may prohibit highly-polluting industries, or require certain emissions-controlling technologies.

Market-based Regulations

Market-based policies use economic incentives to encourage desired behaviors. For example, cap-and-trade regulations do not prohibit companies from pollution, but they place a financial burden on those who do. These incentives reward companies for reducing their emissions, without dictating the method they use to do so.

Challenges of Environmental Economics

Because the nature and economic value of environmental goods often transcend national boundaries, environmental economics frequently requires a transnational approach. For example, an environmental economist could identify overfishing as a negative externality to be addressed.

The United States could impose regulations on its own fishing industry, but the problem wouldn't be solved without similar action from many other nations. The global character of such environmental issues has led to the rise of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which organizes annual forums for heads of state to negotiate international environmental policies.

Another challenge of environmental economics is the degree to which its findings affect other industries. More often than not, findings from environmental economists can result in controversy, and their policy prescriptions may be difficult to implement due to the complexity of the world market.

The presence of multiple marketplaces for carbon credits is an example of the chaotic transnational implementation of ideas stemming from environmental economics. Fuel economy standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are another example of the balancing act required by policy proposals related to environmental economics.

In the U.S., policy proposals stemming from environmental economics tend to cause contentious political debate. Leaders rarely agree about the degree of externalized environmental costs, making it difficult to craft substantive environmental policies. The EPA uses environmental economists to conduct analysis-related policy proposals.

These proposals are then vetted and evaluated by legislative bodies. The EPA oversees a National Center for Environmental Economics, which emphasizes market-based solutions like cap and trade policies for carbon emissions. Their priority policy issues are encouraging biofuel use, analyzing the costs of climate change, and addressing waste and pollution problems.

Example of Environmental Economics

A prominent contemporary example of the use of environmental economics is the cap and trade system. Companies purchase carbon offsets from developing countries or environmental organizations to make up for their carbon emissions. Another example is the use of a carbon tax to penalize industries that emit carbon.

Corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) regulations are another example of environmental economics at work. These regulations are prescriptive and specify the gallons per mile of gas for cars for car makers. They were introduced during the 1970s to promote fuel efficiency in an era of gas shortages.

What Is the Difference Between Environmental Economics and Ecological Economics?

Environmental and ecological economics are both sub-fields of economic thought that study the interactions between human activity and the natural environment. The difference is that environmental economics studies the relationship between the environment and the economy, while ecological economics considers the economy to be a subsystem of the wider ecosystem.

What Is the Relationship Between Neoclassical Economics and Environmental Economics?

Neoclassical economics is a broad theory that focuses on supply and demand as the driving forces of economic activity. Environmental economics is based on the neoclassical model but places a greater emphasis on negative externalities, such as pollution and ecosystem loss.

What Are Some Jobs in Environmental Economics?

Environmental economists may find ready employment at the Environmental Protection Agency, or other environmental bodies at the state or local level. These specialists are responsible for enforcing regulations to protect the environment and calculating the economic costs of enforcing regulations.

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Environmental economics is an area of economics that studies the financial impact of environmental policies. Environmental economists perform studies to determine the theoretical or empirical effects of environmental policies on the economy. This helps governments design appropriate environmental policies and analyze the effects and merits of existing or proposed policies.

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Sunscreen is an important part of a complete sun protection strategy to safeguard yourself against skin cancer. Get the facts about sunscreen.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.yaskawa.eu.com/products/environmental-energy&ved=2ahUKEwiUjOHm2-z9AhW8S2wGHQPHC2sQFnoECAkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3QY9xXcG_OPSBx2bkWSc__

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https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2022/01/142_287686.html

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Award-winning author at odds with publisher over copyright

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The legal battle between award-winning author Baek Hee-na and publishing house Hansolsoobook has regained attention after Baek won the 2020 Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in Sweden for her debut book "Cloud Bread." The two sides clashed over the copyright of the 2004 book, leading them to confront each other in court.

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How fuel-efficient is the electric vehicle you're thinking of buying?

The question isn't as silly as it sounds. The electricity stored in the big lithium-ion batteries that drive EVs is fuel too. The amount needed to propel all that metal a given distance forward matters for the electricity bills you will end up paying, the miles you can travel between charges and the size of the battery you need to buy in the first place.

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Electric Vehicles Have a Fuel-Efficiency Problem

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How fuel-efficient is the electric vehicle you're thinking of buying? The question isn't as silly as it sounds. The electricity stored in the big lithium-ion batteries that drive EVs is fuel too.

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https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/09/seabin-how-these-floating-garbage-bins-can-help-clean-up-our-waters/

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How these floating ‘Seabins’ can help clean up our waters

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The Seabin project began in Australia and aims to solve the global problem of ocean plastic pollution and ocean conservation, one marina at a time.

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https://www.iea.org/topics/global-energy-crisis

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https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/earthquakes-resilience-and-humanitys-terrible-and-permanent-vulnerability

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Earthquakes, Resilience, and Humanity’s Terrible (and Permanent)…

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The Breakthrough Institute is an environmental research center based in Berkeley, California. Our research focuses on identifying and promoting technological solutions to environmental and human development challenges in three areas: energy, conservation, and food and farming.

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https://parents.education.govt.nz/secondary-school/wellbeing/bullying/

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http://www.theargus.org/news/articleView.html?idxno=1519

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https://www.businessinsider.com/manu-prakash-created-a-paper-microscope-2015-7

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The rule-breaking paper microscope that costs $1.75 to make | CNN

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Discoveries involving a lab accident, venomous snails and a scientific instrument made from paper are some of the obscure, quirky or convoluted advances honored Wednesday with awards celebrating research that ultimately had a big, if unexpected, impact on society.

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Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review

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30811송시헌https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820302306

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Highlights

*

The current review was done to conduct systematic appraisal of studies on Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers(HCW) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

*

The review showed that several socio-demographic variables like gender, profession, age, place of work, department of work were associated with increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia in HCW.

*

Certain psychological variables like poor social support, self-efficacy were associated with increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia in HCW.

Abstract

Introduction

The spread of novel corona virus (COVID-19) across the globe and the associated morbidity and mortality challenged the nations by several means. One such underrecognized and unaddressed area is the mental health issues medical staff develop during the pandemic.

Materials and methods

This review aimed to review the literature about mental health problems faced by health care workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase. All types of articles published in the last 4 months (January 2020-April 2020) which were relevant to the subject of the review were searched. A total of 23 articles were selected by initial screening and 6 articles were included in the final review.

Results

Review of all the 6 articles showed that current research focused on assessing several aspects of mental health affected in HCW due to COVID-19. Several sociodemographic variables like gender, profession, age, place of work, department of work and psychological variables like poor social support, self-efficacy were associated with increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia in HCW. There is increasing evidence that suggests that COVID-19 can be an independent risk factor for stress in HCW.

Conclusion

Regular screening of medical personnel involved in treating, diagnosing patients with COVID-19 should be done for evaluating stress, depression and anxiety by using multidisciplinary Psychiatry teams.

View Abstract

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Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review

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The current review was done to conduct systematic appraisal of studies on Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers(HCW) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. * The review showed that several socio-demographic variables like gender, profession, age, place of work, department of work were associated with increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia in HCW.

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https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/challenges-as-a-nurse

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www.indeed.com needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding.

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https://www.beefcentral.com/genetics/weekly-genetics-review-breeding-the-horns-off-it-takes-more-than-one-generation/

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OVER the past 24 years, momentum has increased across many of the major breeds in Australia to breed for polledness.

There are several contributing reasons for this momentum. The most commonly cited are associated with carcase damage through bruising followed by the benefits to workplace safety for staff, and improved animal welfare.

Beef Central looked at the changing status of horns in purebred herds in this article in 2020, and the trend across the major breeds was reported from an MLA - QAAFI report was an increase in the number of polled and scurred cattle. Strong uptake of Wagyu genetics (100pc horned cattle) in some herds recently may have moved against that trend a little, however.

On a broader level, dehorning and disbudding is seen a significant issue for the cattle industry. Increasing scrutiny of welfare practices, along with the associated losses incurred among animal's post dehorning is potentially a greater driver of momentum towards polled animals.

Research undertaken by the CRC for Beef Cattle in northern Australia determined that almost all post-weaning deaths in calves was attributable to dehorning. Sixteen percent of all calf losses recorded were attributable to dehorning.

Changing the horn status of a herd genetically is a longer-term solution to this issue.

While genetics does have the potential to effectively help producers achieve a polled herd, it is a process that can take multiple generations. While many producers are prepared to undertake the process, they often overlook the basis of genetics and can become very disappointed when their new polled bull sires calves that are scurred or possibly horned.

In those breeds where it is present, polledness is a trait that is controlled entirely by genetics, which does allow changes across a herd to be made without influence from the production environment. As a trait, polledness is controlled by only a few genes, and there are two basic alleles, or forms of the gene that every animal possess. An animal inherits one form of the gene from its sire, and the other from its dam.

Many producers are conscious of the fact that the allele for polledness is dominant over the allele for horns. This awareness is the cause for many producers to expect that using a polled bull is enough to ensure their next generation of calves will be entirely polled. That expectation can often lead to disappointment.

The reason for this comes back to the combination of alleles that the calf has inherited from its sire and dam.

It simply isn't enough for producers to visually look at a sire or a dam and in the absence of visible horns assume that they are using the right combination of polled genes.

Animals can be Homozygous Polled, which describes an animal that has inherited two alleles for polledness (PP). However it is possible that a polled animal may have only one allele for polledness. The other is an allele for horns. Known as a Heterozygous animal (PH) the animal could be visually have no horns or perhaps may exhibit scurs.

An animal with no alleles for horns is Homozygous Horned (HH).

From a visual perspective, the absence of horns does not prove an animal will breed progeny that are in turn polled. A polled animal may only have one allele for polledness (heterozygous). Being a dominate gene, this has prevented that animal from exhibiting horns or scurs. However, when joined with a Heterozygous animal, there is a 25pc chance the calf will be born with horns.

There are a number of potential outcomes that can occur for producers attempting to breed for polledness. These are best outlined in the illustration below:

Where producers have the opportunity to use a Homozygous Polled sire (PP) they have the greatest opportunity to produce a generation that visually will be polled or scurred.

The scurs gene is a separate gene that interacts with the Polled gene and is only expressed in the presence of the poll allele. In practice this means scurred animals will only be found with the genotypes PP or PH. As a physical expression, scurs are also sex dependent. Male animals can exhibit scurs with only one copy of the Scur gene, while females require two copies.

In practical terms this can explain why producers in their first use of a polled bull may observe more scurred male calves.

It is often in the second generation of calves that many producers can become disheartened in breeding for polledness. Many herds that appear polled are actually comprised of females that are Heterozygous (PH). Visually these females are polled. When joined to a Homozygous bull (PP) there is no issue regarding the appearance of horns.

However, if a producer used a Heterozygous bull of those cows, at least one in four calves will be born with two alleles for horns and will have visual horns develop. The other three calves will be polled or scurred.

With this in mind there is a pretty clear message for producers who are seeking to embark on the process of breeding for polledness. That is, success is more likely to be achieved if the genetics of the animals are known. At the very least, being certain that any sires being used are Homozygous Polled (PP).

It is possible to make accurate and informed decisions regarding a sire's genetics for polledness. The Australian Poll Gene Marker Test can be used in temperate and tropical breeds with an extremely high level of accuracy.

Determining if a sire is a Homozygous Poll or a Heterozygous Poll can determine potential joining groups. Not every producer will test their cow herd for the presence of the polled genes. In many commercial herds it is likely a herd will be a mix of Heterozygous cows (PH) and Homozygous Horned Cows (HH).

On this basis using a Homozygous Polled bull (PP) in herds (as demonstrated in Figure 1) the outcome will be polled calves. However, to successfully transition a herd toward Homozygous polledness requires the use of Homozygous (PP sires) for several generations. Introducing a bull that appears polled but is actually a Heterozygous (PH) animal increases the opportunity for the expression of horns to occur and will delay the progression of the herd for several years.

As producers consider their breeding objectives in the choice of sires this year, considering the genetic status of a sire should be a significant focus.

Choosing a tested sire will offer greater opportunities for improvement and for a quicker transition away from issues associated with horns in the herd.
Alastair Rayner is the Principal of RaynerAg, an agricultural advisory service based in NSW. RaynerAg is affiliated with BJA Stock & Station Agents. He regularly lists and sell cattle for clients as well attending bull sales to support client purchases. Alastair provides pre-sale selections and classifications for seedstock producers in NSW, Qld and Victoria. He can be contacted here or through his website www.raynerag.com.au

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Weekly genetics review: Breeding the horns off - it takes more than one generation - Beef Central

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While genetics does have the potential to effectively help producers achieve a polled herd, it is a process that can take multiple generations. While many producers are prepared to undertake the process, they often overlook the basis of genetics and can become very disappointed when their new polled bull sires calves that are scurred or possibly horned.

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The Best Automatic Feeder for Cats and Small Dogs | Reviews by Wirecutter (nytimes.com)

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The Best Automatic Feeder for Cats and Small Dogs

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We spent more than 25 hours researching 30 automatic pet feeders, and testing eight of them with a cat and a small dog. Here’s what we recommend.

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https://www-aha--now-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.aha-now.com/social-media-problems-and-solutions/amp/?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98%3A%20%251%24s&aoh=16792922616445&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aha-now.com%2Fsocial-media-problems-and-solutions%2F

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https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00635-8

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For radioastronomers, the far side of the Moon could be the last unspoilt refuge in the Solar System. Planet Earth - and all the human-made electromagnetic noise it spews out into space - stays permanently below the horizon, so that any radio observatories positioned there would be free to observe the cosmos without interference.

But an upcoming boom in lunar exploration could put that at risk. In the next ten years or so, the Moon will be the target of hundreds of orbiters and landers, each of which could create radio noise. Researchers voiced their concerns last month at a conference called Astronomy from the Moon: The Next Decades, which took place at the Royal Society in London.

"This is probably the most radio-quiet place in the Solar System, and we need to preserve that," said Marc Klein Wolt, an astronomer at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands.

"Will the far side remain dark? You should already be nervous that I'm asking the question," Joseph Lazio, a researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, told the conference.

Quiet zone

The lunar far side has enormous potential for many fields, but it holds unique promise for cosmology. Astronomers have mapped the sky using much of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, from microwaves to visible light and γ-rays. But cosmic radio waves at frequencies below about 100 megahertz are extremely challenging to measure from Earth, because of the planet's noise. And anything below 30 megahertz is completely off-limits because it is absorbed in the ionosphere - the zone where Earth's atmosphere meets space. These low-frequency waves, however, carry a treasure trove of information about the first billion years or so of the Universe's history.

The lunar far side is protected from radio emissions from Earth, and with almost no atmosphere and long, cold nights, it offers a nearly ideal spot from which to explore these epochs.

If all goes according to plan, a small US lander called the Lunar Surface Electromagnetic Experiment (LuSee) Night in 2026 will be the first dedicated cosmology mission to take advantage of those conditions - and it is being designed with that goal in mind. (Chang'e-4, the historic Chinese mission that landed on the far side in 2019, carried a simple radioastronomy antenna. But the mission was not optimized for cosmological observations, so the experiment was marred by radio-frequency interference from the lander itself.)

With funding from both NASA and the US Department of Energy, LuSee-Night will be carried to the far side by a private contractor as part of NASA's nascent Commercial Lunar Payload Services programme. Its four 3-metre-long antennas, arranged in a cross shape, will attempt to measure the 'cosmic dawn', a feature thought to be detectable in the radio spectrum that would reveal the appearance of the Universe's very first stars.

Noise limitation

Even from the peaceful solitude of the lunar far side, however, LuSee's cosmic-dawn measurement will be a challenge: the early-Universe signature is 100,000 times weaker than the noise produced by the Galaxy in the same range of frequencies. It will be crucial to limit noise from the spacecraft itself. "The only way to do it is to turn off the lander completely" and pack enough batteries to last the radio receiver through the two-week-long nights, says Stuart Bale, an astrophysicist at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, who is the mission's principal investigator for NASA. The receiver's electronics, including the clocks that keep computers running, must be designed to 'fence' any emissions to a limited part of the spectrum, Bale says. "We require that all oscillators operate at known frequencies, and with certified frequency stability." A known, predictable source of noise is easier for experimenters to remove during data processing.

These are relatively simple precautions that all lunar missions could take, including commercial ones, says Bale. If spacecraft are designed to contain any radio-frequency interference, it could greatly reduce the chances of harming future scientific experiments.

Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, former director of the Murchison Widefield Array radio observatory in Western Australia, agrees. At Murchison, which is to be the Australian site of the giant Square Kilometre Array radio telescope, she helped to establish what is probably the world's largest radio-quiet zone, at more than 500 kilometres across.

Permits are required to carry electronic devices into the site, and "all equipment you take into that area goes through an additional electromagnetic testing process", to check for unwanted radio emissions, says Johnston-Hollitt, currently a radioastronomer at Curtin University in Perth, Australia. "I can tell you with confidence that you can do that with a cubesat," she says, referring to the tiny satellites that researchers fear could swarm around the Moon, creating a source of noise.

Even so, "to suppress interference to the level necessary to do precision radioastronomy is incredibly difficult", says astronomer Andrew Siemion, who leads the Breakthrough Listen search for extraterrestrial intelligence project at UC Berkeley. That work involves looking for signals across a broad range of radio waves - including the gigahertz frequencies at which satellites communicate.

Lunar economy

Astronomers face an uphill struggle. The same technological advances that promise to make the Moon more accessible for their experiments will also make the environment more crowded. More than 250 Moon missions are expected over the coming decade from the space agencies of the United States, Europe, Russia, South Korea, China, Japan, India, Canada and the United Arab Emirates - as well as a host of private companies. That will add up to a US$100-billion 'lunar economy', according to Northern Sky Research, a consulting firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts. There are also plans to install a lunar satellite navigation system, which could be a source of noise.

Alanna Krolikowski, a political scientist at Missouri University of Science and Technology in Rolla, thinks that researchers should push for international treaties to protect the Moon. "There is now widespread recognition that we need governance for this forthcoming lunar renaissance," she told last month's conference.

The Artemis Accords, an international agreement led by NASA, attempts to provide some guidance to help the agencies involved avoid disrupting each other's missions. But it is designed mainly to serve the needs of its signatory countries; a better way to regulate the Moon could be to have rules drafted by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Krolikowski said. "The window in which to do that is small - and shrinking."
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00635-8

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Are telescopes on the Moon doomed before they've even been built?

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For radioastronomers, the far side of the Moon could be the last unspoilt refuge in the Solar System. Planet Earth - and all the human-made electromagnetic noise it spews out into space - stays permanently below the horizon, so that any radio observatories positioned there would be free to observe the cosmos without interference.

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https://www.fastcompany.com/90775704/how-human-organs-on-a-chip-can-help-replace-animal-testing

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https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/12/fashion-industry-diversity

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Fashion labels are increasingly hiring ethnic minority models, but more is needed to achieve sustainable representation, according to industry insiders.

Somriddho Dasgupta, 20, has modelled for several big brands, including Nike and Foot Asylum [The Meyer Studios]

London, United Kingdom - In September last year, fashion weeks were held in the cultural powerhouse cities of New York, London, Milan and Paris as part of the Spring/Summer 2021 season.

Overall, 41.3 percent of models were people of colour, a slight increase from the previous season, which had a rate of 40.6 percent, according to The Fashion Spot, an online magazine that monitors diversity in the industry.

However, with the next round of fashion weeks to begin on Sunday, critics say last season's marginally improved figure was a show of tokenism.

They believe much more needs to be done to achieve real diversity - both in front of and behind the camera - while collectively trying to shift industry attitudes to achieve fundamental change.

Tired stereotypes

Somriddho Dasgupta is a 20-year-old androgynous model who has lived in the United Kingdom since 2016 after emigrating from India and has worked with big names, including Nike and Foot Asylum.

But he feels marginalised and says one of his first experiences in the industry was exploitative and "dehumanising".

"A startup brand said it wanted to work with me because I was an androgynous model of colour. It sounded very cool," he told Al Jazeera by phone.

"It seemed like they were trying to be inclusive. However, when I arrived at the shoot, I was the only ethnic minority. All the other models in the campaign were white. I didn't think much of it at the time. However, in hindsight, I realised they were using me as an accessory to seem inclusive and diverse. It felt a bit dehumanising."

In recent years, Black, Asian and ethnic minority models have increasingly denounced certain ways they are treated differently when it comes to styling.

Beauty brands have been criticised for not making foundation shades that are suitable for people with darker skin tones. There is also rising criticism about a lack of hairstylists able to cater to non-white models.

But ultimately, stereotyping and fetishisation are the greatest concerns.

"I remember featuring in an advert for a bank, which was eager to include Indian people. The clothes they gave me were very, very, stereotypical. They gave me open-toe sandals and applied makeup to me in a way that made me look super sweaty. It's not an accurate representation of Indian people," Dasgupta said.

In Europe, where many of the world's most popular designer brands are rooted - including Louis Vuitton and Gucci - there is also a lot of work to be done to achieve representation.

While New York and London saw more models of colour in their fashion weeks last September, Milan and Paris saw a slight drop, according to The Fashion Stop.

"There is diversity in many areas, but in leadership roles - alongside many other sectors - we have seen structural barriers to diversity. This needs to change," Tamara Cincik, head of Fashion Roundtable, a UK think-tank focused on influencing policy to make fashion fairer, told Al Jazeera.

She is working on the UK's first policy paper focusing on representation and inclusion in the industry.

The barriers for people working in the fashion industry from ethnic minority backgrounds are "deeply embedded and need to change", she said.

"If a child's grades are marked down by college teachers who don't understand or value their creative references and work, this impacts their grades across the board and, ultimately, the perception of them as they enter the workforce.

"If a promotion is denied to those from marginalised groups, then how can they reach leadership roles? The evidence we have garnered for our paper has repeatedly highlighted these structural barriers."

For Kudzai King, a 27-year-old Zimbabwean fashion photographer and model who moved to the United States in 2013 to pursue his ambitions, it is a question of equality.

"The problem is the amount of extra work people of colour have to do - sometimes 10 times more - to enjoy the very same success as their white counterparts," he told Al Jazeera.

He has enjoyed a fruitful career since, having worked for the likes of Vogue Italia and other reputable names.

But he says more needs to be done to level the playing field.

Despite the difficulties, however, King is confident the landscape is changing.

"The work we're doing with fashion executives will bear fruit in due course. The future looks bright."

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There are more models of colour, but is fashion really diverse?

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Fashion labels are increasingly hiring ethnic minority models, but more is needed to achieve sustainable representation, according to industry insiders. London, United Kingdom - In September last year, fashion weeks were held in the cultural powerhouse cities of New York, London, Milan and Paris as part of the Spring/Summer 2021 season.

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https://www.petprofessional.com.au/info-centre/10-ways-you-can-help-abused-and-abandoned-animals/

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10 Ways You Can Help Abused and Abandoned Animals

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As animal lovers, we hate to believe that anyone would want to hurt an animal. But unfortunately animal cruelty is much more prevalent than it should be. Far too many animals fall victim to abuse and abandonment and no animal should have to endure cruelty and live in fear.

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https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2013/674316/

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Effective management and planning of resources and environmental systems have been of concerns in the past decades since contamination and resource-scarcity problems have led to a variety of impacts and liabilities. However, achieving a reasonable and efficient management strategy is difficult since many conflicting factors have to be balanced due to complexities of the real-world problems. In resources and environmental systems, there are a number of factors that need to be considered by planners and decision-makers, such as social, economic, technical, legislational, institutional, and political issues, as well as environmental protection and resources conservation. Moreover, a variety of processes and activities are interrelated to each other, resulting in complicated systems with interactive, dynamic, nonlinear, multiobjective, multistage, multilayer, and uncertain features. These complexities may be further amplified due to their association with economic consequences if the promises of expected targets are violated. Mathematical models are recognized as effective tools that could help examine economic, environmental, and ecological impacts of alternative pollution-control and resources-conservation actions, and thus aid planners or decision-makers in formulating cost-effective management policies.

Therefore, to facilitate more robust management and planning of resources and environmental systems, innovative mathematical tools that are able to reflect various combinations of these complexities are desired. This special issue is devoted to provide a forum for facilitating discussions of emerging technologies for supporting decisions of resources and environmental management. It focuses on exposition of innovative methodologies for tackling challenges in modeling a variety of resources and environmental problems, as well as successful case studies. A number of state-of-the-art mathematical modeling studies related to resources and environmental systems are presented, which can help analyze the relevant information, simulate the related processes, implement pollutant mitigations, evaluate the resulting impacts, and generate sound decision alternatives.

The paper " Experimental study and modeling of fouling in immersed membrane bioreactor operating in constant pressure filtration " by M. Hosseinzadeh et al. proposed a new mathematical model to predict fouling in an airlift immersed membrane bioreactors. With experimental verification, the results showed that the ultimate filtration resistance and the initial rate of cake formation are more sensitive to the aeration rate at lower superficial velocities. It was also found that the ultimate filtration resistance has a linear relation with mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration.

The paper " Hydrological design of nonstationary flood extremes and durations in Wujiang River, south china: changing properties, causes, and impacts " by X. H. Chen et al. analyzed the flood duration frequency (QDF) using annual maximum streamflow series of 1-10-day durations observed at Pingshi and Lishi stations in Wujiang River, southern China. The trends and change point of annual maximum flood flow and flood duration were also investigated by statistical tests. The results indicated that the annual maximum flood flow has a marginally increase trend, whereas the flood duration exhibits a significant decrease trend at the 0.10 significant level. A nonstationary frequency analysis taking account of change point in the data series is highly recommended for future studies.

The paper " Application of MM5-CAMx-PSAT modeling approach for investigating emission source contribution to atmospheric pollution in Tangshan, northern China " by L. Li et al. introduced an integrated MM5-CMAx-PSAT modeling approach to identify the variation of emission contribution from each modeling grid to regional and urban air quality per unit emission rate change. The method was applied to a case study in Tangshan, a typical industrial region in northern China. Principal component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there was an obvious negative correlation between the grid-based variation of emission contribution to regional air quality and planetary boundary layer height as well as wind speed, while terrain data presented insignificant impacts on emission contribution variation.

The paper " Numerical solution of advection-diffusion equation using a sixth-order compact finite difference method " by G. Gurarslan et al. conducted a study to produce numerical solutions of one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation using a sixth-order compact difference scheme in space and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme in time. The suggested scheme was a very accurate and relatively flexible solution approach in solving the contaminant transport equation for Pe ≤ 5. The accuracy and validity of the numerical model were verified through the presented results and the literature. The computed results showed that the use of the current method in the simulation is very applicable for the solution of the advection-diffusion equation.

The paper " Numerical study on initial field of pollution in the Bohai Sea with an adjoint method " by C. H. Wang et al. introduced a marine ecosystem dynamical model to simulate the dispersion process of the pollution in the Bohai Sea, where routine monitoring data were assimilated to study the initial field of pollution by using the adjoint method. The model could help reduce the misfit between inversion results and observations significantly and make the simulated results closer to reality. The results illustrated that the adjoint method can make use of the existing observations to the maximum extent, where not only the values and locations of the observations but also the sampling time can be taken into consideration.

The paper " Simulation of multiphase flow of the oil-water separation in a rotating packed bed for oil purification " by X. J. Zhang et al. investigated the optimal operating conditions and configurations on the hydraulic performance of rotating packed bed (RPB). The operating conditions and configuration on the hydraulic performance of the RPB are investigated. The results indicated that the separation efficiency of high gravity rotary device rotating oil purifier is affected by the configuration, especially the layout of liquid inlet, oil outlet, and water outlet in the RPB. The mathematical models used in the study could contribute to a better understanding of the hydraulic characteristics of the RPB with the fast development of the computer technology.

The paper " Modified palmer drought severity index based on distributed hydrological simulation " by D. H. Yan et al. modified the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) based on a distributed hydrological model for Luanhe River basin, North China. The proposed method could not only reflect the spatial heterogeneity of regional drought and improve the physical mechanism of PDSI but also provide technical support for comprehensive understanding of drought and effective preventing and relieving of drought disasters.

The paper " Effect of land use and climate change on runoff in the Dongjiang basin of south china" by Y. H. He et al. identified the quantitative impacts of land use and climate change on the runoff through soil conservation service (SCS) monthly model. With the real case study for four subbasins in the Dongjiang basin of south China, their results disclosed that approximately 20~ 30% runoff change was contributed by land-use modification. Besides, the effect of climate change on runoff variation had a different inner-annual distribution even under same annual precipitation.

The paper " Guidance of autonomous amphibious vehicles for flood rescue support " by S. Ragi et al. advanced a path-planning algorithm to guide autonomous amphibious vehicles (AAVs) for flood rescue support missions. An approximation method called nominal belief-state optimization (NBO) was proposed for solving the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) problems. Results showed that the NBO technique outperforms the greedy approach significantly.

The paper " Nonsmooth dynamic behaviors inherited from an ecohydrological model: mutation, bifurcation, and chaos " by M. Lin et al. advanced an ecohydrological model with the pulsed atmospheric forcing to analyze the nontrivial dynamic behaviors in a coupled ecohydrological system qualitatively and numerically. The developed mathematical model could help identify existence of multiple stationary states, study parameter bifurcation, and obtain the chaotic characteristic of the system state under some specific parameters.

The paper " Analysis of variation trends in precipitation in an upstream catchment of Huai River " by P. Shi et al. analyzed the variation trends in precipitation based on the linear regression method and Mann-Kendall test. With real application in Shaying River catchment, the upstream of the Huai River, China, the results suggested that the changing trends in precipitation for different time series in the whole catchment were relatively complex and not obvious. The annual precipitation series showed positive trends in the northern region and negative trends in the southern region.

The paper " Detecting abrupt change of streamflow at Lintong station of Wei River " by J. J. Fan et al. introduced two methods of moving approximate entropy and moving permutation entropy to analyze the abrupt year of the daily river runoff at Lintong station of Wei River in Loess Plateau, China. With the analysis of hydrological characters of different stages, the result showed that the proposed methods are useful for analyzing runoff series and identifying points of abrupt change. The results also disclosed that the attribution of abrupt change at the Lintong runoff series was primarily due to a number of factors such as reduced precipitation, increased water-conservancy project, boosted water consumption, decreased groundwater table, and raised evaporation.

The paper " A sustainability-oriented multiobjective optimization model for siting and sizing distributed generation plants in distribution systems " by G. Chen et al. proposed a multiobjective optimization model for siting and sizing distributed generation plants in distribution systems. With numerical study based on the modified IEEE 33-node system, the results indicated that benefits for environmental sustainability of using DG plants can be effectively reflected by the proposed model, which helps the planner to make rational decision towards sustainable development of the distribution system.

The paper " A model for urban environment and resource planning based on green GDP accounting system " by L. Y. Xu et al. proposed a model to identify the key factors in urban environment and resources regulation based on a green GDP accounting system. With real application in the City of Wuyishan, China, the results showed that energy use was a key factor that influenced the urban environment and resources development. It was also found that biodiversity and air quality were the most sensitive factors that influenced the value of green GDP in the study city. The proposed model is helpful for decision-makers in improving the urban environment and resources planning and promoting sustainable development.

Although many simulation and optimization models are developed for management and planning of resources and environmental systems, it is still difficult for decision-makers to gain an in-depth insight into the tradeoffs when uncertainties exist in many system components and their interrelationships. There are many sources of uncertainty in modelling resources and environmental systems due to complexities in parameter estimation, data availability, and model structure. In detail, uncertainties may be derived from random feature of many related natural processes as well as errors in estimated modeling parameters; uncertainties can also arise due to human-induced imprecision or fuzziness, such as lack of available data and biased judgment (or preferences) in assigning priority factors (weighting levels) to multiple management objectives. Moreover, uncertainties may exist in multiple levels: vagueness and/or impreciseness in the outcomes of a random sample and randomness and/or fuzziness in the lower and upper bounds of an interval. The various uncertainties that exist in real-world resources and environmental systems have essentially placed them beyond the conventional mathematical methods. Thus, simulation and optimization methodologies that can reflect uncertainties are desired for enhancing applicability of the modeling efforts.

The paper " A hybrid stochastic-interval analytic hierarchy process approach for prioritizing the strategies of reusing treated wastewater " by L. Jing et al. proposed a hybrid stochastic-interval analytic hierarchy process (SIAHP) approach for prioritizing the strategies of reusing treated wastewater. SIAHP can address uncertainty in group decision making by integrating interval judgment, probabilistic distribution, lexicographic goal programming, and Monte Carlo simulation. A case study related to wastewater treatment plant effluent reuse was conducted to demonstrate that the SIAHP approach can aid group decision making by accommodating linguistic information and dealing with insufficient information or biased opinions.

The paper " Modelling snowmelt runoff under climate change scenarios in an ungauged mountainous watershed, northwest China " by Y. G. Ma et al. introduced an integrated modeling system for analyzing the impact of climate change on snowmelt runoff in Kaidu Watershed, Northwest China. The system coupled Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3) outputs with snowmelt runoff model (SRM), where statistical downscaling model (SDSM) was used to downscale coarse outputs of HadCM3. Different scenarios were considered for analyzing the climate change impact on snowmelt flow in the Kaidu Watershed under uncertainty. The results indicated that watershed hydrology would alter under different climate change scenarios, which could provide useful decision support for water resources management in the arid region.

The paper " Generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method in uncertainty analysis of numerical eutrophication models: take BLOOM as an example " by Z. J. Li et al. introduced an eutrophication and algal bloom model BLOOM for investigating the applicability of the GLUE method to quantify the uncertainty in numerical eutrophication models. The results demonstrated that GLUE is effective for uncertainty analysis of complex dynamic ecosystem models. The method was found to be able to provide a solid foundation for the use of the model predictions in decision making.

The paper " An inventory-theory-based inexact multistage stochastic programming model for water resources management " by M. Q. Suo et al. introduced one integrated optimization method to address multiple forms of uncertainties incorporating inventory theory within an inexact multistage stochastic programming framework. The developed method can not only handle uncertainties represented as probability density functions and discrete intervals but also reflect dynamic features of system conditions under different water flow levels within a multistage context. The model is helpful for decision-makers in seeking optimal water transfer schemes when they are facing tradeoff problems with high complexities.

The paper " RSW-MCFP: a resource-oriented solid waste management system for a mixed rural-urban area through Monte Carlo simulation-based fuzzy programming" by P. Li et al. introduced a resource-oriented solid waste management system for a mixed rural-urban area through Monte Carlo simulation-based fuzzy programming. The developed system was tested by a real-world case with consideration of various resource-oriented treatment technologies and the associated uncertainties. The results indicated that the community-based biocoal and household-based CH ₄ facilities are necessary and become predominant in the waste management system.

The paper " Suitable environmental flow release criteria for both human and riverine ecosystems: accounting for the uncertainty of flows " by J. Tang et al. proposed a new method to determine the optimal environmental flow (e-flow) release criteria under flow uncertainty accounting for both the human and riverine ecosystem needs. Scenario-tree analysis method was utilized to generate the possible scenarios of flows and the range of variability approach (RVA) was refined by incorporating the uncertain flows. With the real application to Tang River of northern China and comparison of the previous method, the results indicated that the advanced can get more suitable criteria that are suitable for both human and riverine ecosystems.

The paper " Uncertainty assessment of hydrological frequency analysis using bootstrap method " by Y.-M. Hu et al. put forward a bootstrap-based method to analyze the impact of sampling uncertainty on hydrological design value. Using bootstrap resampling technique, a large number of bootstrap samples were constructed from the original flood extreme observations; the corresponding design value or quantile was estimated for each bootstrap sample, such that the sampling distribution of design value was constructed; based on the sampling distribution, the uncertainty of quantile estimation could be quantified. Compared with the conventional deterministic approach, the proposed method improved the estimation and evaluated quantitatively the uncertainty of estimation for the design of hydraulic engineering works.

The paper " Applying an extended fuzzy parametric approach to the problem of water allocations " by T. Y. Xu and X. S. Qin advanced an extended fuzzy parametric programming (EFPP) model for planning water resources allocation problems under uncertainty. A numerical example and a water resources management case were used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The obtained results could assist decision-makers in understanding the balance between the system benefit and system-failure risk. By comparing with fuzzy chance-constrained programming model, EFPP could better reflect uncertainties and generate more optimal solutions and had a potential to be applied to the other environmental problems.

The paper " Development of optimal water-resources management strategies for Kaidu-kongque watershed under multiple uncertainties " by Y. Zhou et al. advanced an interval-stochastic fractile optimization (ISFO) model for supporting water resources management under coupled forms of probability and possibility. With real application in Kaidu-kongque watershed, China, the model was found to be able to help decision-makers alleviate the water supply-demand conflict and achieve better socioeconomic and ecological sustainability. The results suggested that this hybrid technique is effective and can be extended to other environmental problems that involve policy analysis and uncertainty reflection.

The paper " Bilevel multiobjective programming applied to water resources allocation " by S. Q. Fang et al. proposed a bilevel mutiobjective linear programming (BLMOLP) model for water resource allocation. Fuzzy goal programming approach was employed to minimize the group regret of degree of satisfactions for all decision-makers. The proposed method was also applied to a case study for water resources allocation in Wuwei Basin, China. Based on analysis of multiple scenarios, the model was found to be able to balance the benefits among all regions and sections according to the priority of the upper level decision-makers.

The paper " An interval-parameter fuzzy linear programming with stochastic vertices model for water resources management under uncertainty " by Y. Han et al. introduced an integrated optimization method for handling uncertainties presented as interval parameter with stochastic vertices in both of the objective functions and constraints. A hybrid intelligent algorithm based on genetic algorithm and artificial neural network was proposed to solve the formulated model. The developed method was applied to water resources allocation in Beijing, China. The results indicated that reasonable solutions were obtained, which could help water resources managers to not only make decisions of water allocation but also gain insight into the tradeoffs between environmental and economic objectives.

In summary, the effective mathematical models for managing resources and environmental systems are becoming one of the most important goals pursued by governments, industries, communities, and researchers. These 25 papers formulated a variety of mathematical models for supporting natural resources allocation, flooding prevention and control, environmental pollution control, ecological protection, and sustainable development improving, where a number of innovative perspectives and findings are advanced. These mathematical models can (i) describe complex environmental processes and interactions, characterize the spatial and temporal variations, and predict the fate and transport of the contaminants; (ii) assess potential risks existing in various resources-related activists and the associated socioeconomic and environmental impacts under a variety of system conditions; (iii) generate sound decision alternatives for generating desired policies that target on more effective resources and environmental management. This special issue reports the latest research results in mathematical modeling for resources and environmental systems.

Acknowledgment

We wish to extend our thanks to those who contributed to this issue.

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Mathematical Modeling for Resources and Environmental Systems

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Effective management and planning of resources and environmental systems have been of concerns in the past decades since contamination and resource-scarcity problems have led to a variety of impacts and liabilities.

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https://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjFl-P5tvv9AhUQyGEKHYqvA9cQFnoECAwQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Fopub%2Fbtn%2Fvolume-12%2Fhow-currency-appreciation-can-impact-prices-the-rise-of-the-us-dollar.htm&usg=AOvVaw0mV2PmcUjamq-IDWdihe5a

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(출처)
https://oak.go.kr/central/journallist/journaldetail.do?article_seq=17324

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2023학년도 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가 류대규

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2023학년 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가(최종) 30517이수혁

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2023학년 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가 조현서

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2023학년 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가(최종) (6)

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2023학년 3학년 1학기 영어독해와 작문 수행평가(최종) (2)김진하1

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30817 이현준 영어작문 수행

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1.정치외교학과
2.1)미세먼지 이대로 괜찮은가?
2.2)fine dust:is it fine
3.중국에서 오는 미세먼지 문제,실내에서 발생하는 미세먼지,

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1. 글쓰기와 관련한 나의 관심 분야는?

2. 1) 검색한 원문 제목과 2) 자신이 쓴 글의 제목을 영어로 쓰세요.

3. 내가 제시한 문제점은? (우리말로 자세히 쓰시오)

4. 내가 찾은 해결책은? (우리말로 자세히 쓰시오)

5. 자기평가 : 1) 영어 쓰기를 준비하는 데 어떻게 노력을 기울였나요?

(영어쓰기를 하면서 어려웠던 점과 극복 방법 중심으로)

6. 자기평가 : 2) 영어쓰기를 준비하는데 얼마나 노력을 기울였나요?

1(거의 없음) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5(아주 많음)

7. 수행평가를 마치고 난 후의 소감이나 느낌은?

8. 기타: 영어 선생님께 하고 싶은 말(수업 또는 수행평가 관련)

9. 페들렛에 게시된 친구들의 제출물을 살펴보고, 칭찬하고 싶은 친구와 그 이유를 써주세요.

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3학년 1학기 수행평가 자기평가

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1. 언론 분야
2
1)Social media problems
2)We are facing social media problems.
3. SNS로 인한 시간낭비와 FOMO증후군의 발생
4. 시간을 정해놓고 사용하기
써야 할 때만 사용하기
알림설정을 꺼 놓기
5. 최근 언론 문제와 관련되어서 검색도 해보면서 주제를 찾았고 암기 하는데에 있어서 어려움이 있어서 각 문장의 문법적 요소들을 기억 한 후 영작연습을 했던것 이 문장 암기에 좋은 효과가 있었다.

6. 5점

7. 이 프로젝트를 하면서 느낀점은 문장을 영작할 때 문법적 요소의 오류로 인해 힘들었지만 내가 알지 못하거나 혹은 실수를 한 점에대해 공부를 한 것 같아서 굉장히 보람찼고 지로와 연계하여 언론분야의 사회문제를 탐구하는 과정에서 내가 기존에 몰랐던 지식을 알았다는 점에서 도 굉장히 뜻깊은 수행평가였다.

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7.WONDERFUL

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1. 경제분야
2. 1) Eathquake, Resilience, and Humanity’s Terrible(and Permanent) Vulnerability
2) Minimize Vulnerabilities
3. 지진이 발생한 두개의 지역의 피해를 예로 경제적차이로 인한 피해크기를 문제점으로 제시했다.
4. 경제적차이로 인한 피해크기를 줄이기위해서는 건물, 온도조절, 물관리 시스템을 잘 이용해야한다고 찾았다
5. 내가 원하는 문장을 만들기위해 문법에 맞게 문장을 만드는게 어려웠고 번역기를 써가면서 완성했다
6. 5
7. 생각보다 잘 나온것 같아 좋았고 경제적문제를 환경과 적용해 조사해서 유익했던것 같다

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1. 전기, 간호, 환경
2. 1) 원문 제목 : 석탄에서 태양 또는 풍력으로
2) 영어 제목 : From Coal to Solar or Wind
3. 내가 제시한 문제점은 : 현재 많은 석탄을 사용하여 지하자원을 많이 사용해 자원이 고갈되고 이로 인해서 자연재해가 발생하고 우리의 건강 또한 나빠진다는 것.
4. 내가 찾은 해결책 : 지하자원을 사용하지 않고 신재생에너지, 지속가능한 에너지의 개발과 사용이 중요하다 생각하고 버스나 자동차 같은 대중교통을 이용하기 보단 가까운 거리는 걸어다니거나 자전거를 타고 다녀야한다.
5. 자기평가
1) 영어 쓰기를 준비하는데 어떻게 노력을 기울엿나요?
: 문제점과 해결책이 도드러질 것 같은 원문을 찾아보기, 하나의 원문만 찾기보다 다른 원문도 찾아보기 , 맞춤법 조사? 사이트로 다 돌려보기, 열정적으로 쓰기... ㅎㅎ...
6. 나의 노력3.5
7. 느낀점 : 마지막 문장 시험에서 너무 게을렀던 나를 되돌아보며... 많이 외우지 못했던 것이 아쉬웠고 더 질높은 문장을 쓸 수 있었을 것 같았는데 많이 시간을 들여서 못쓴 점이 많이 아쉬운것 같다.

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1.모델관련
2.
3. 페션 산업 내 다양성 문제 부족 :다양한 인종, 성별 ,몸매등 다양한 인적 특성을 가진 모델들이 적극적으로 포용되지 않고 있다는 문제점이 지속되고 있습니다.
토큰주의적 접근: 다양성을 강조하기 위해 몇몇 모델들을 캐스팅하는 등 토큰주의적 접근이 이루어지고 있습니다.
업계내 인종차별 문제: 인종 차별적 발언이나 인종차별적 구조등 페션 산업 내에서 인종차별적인 문제가 존제하고 있다는 문재점이 있다

4. 인종,성별,나이 등 다양한 면에서 모델,디자이너,생산자,공급자 등 산업내 모든계층에서 더 많은 다양성을 적극적으로 지원하고 지지하는 것이 필요하다고 생각한다.

다양성을 단지 광고 요소로만 사용하지 않도록 하기 위해,기업은 다양성을 본격적으로 수용하는 문화를 만들고 이를 지속적으로 유지하도록 해야된다 본다.

이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 문화적으로 다양한 배경을 가진 인재들이 동등한 기회를 가지도록 교육과 인식 개선을 추진하는 것이 중요 하다고 본다

5.내가 썼던 글을 토대로 연상하며 외웠던거 같다.하지만 암기력에 대한 부족으로 잘되진 못했다.
6.5 다양한 자료를 찾아보고 요약에 신경을 썼다.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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1. 화학
2. 원문 : All About Sunscreen 글의 제목: The sun is essential but the worst enemy
3. 햇빛에 피부 화상을 입으면 피부암의 위험이 높아지고, 피부노화가 빨리된다. 화상을 심하게 입으면 통증과 물집 등이 생긴다.
4. 선크림을 두시간 마다 다시 발라야 하고, 날씨가 흐린날에도 발라야 한다. 그리고 수영을 하거나 땀을 흘렸을때 다시 발라야한다.
5. 1시간 동안 외웠다.
6. 5
7. 끝나서 너무 좋다.

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1.잘 모르겠음
2.Seabin:How these 'floating garbage bins'can help clean up our waters
3.플라스틱은 인간, 물고기, 거북이, 또는 새에 의해 섭취되고 때때로 동물들은 얽혀서 죽기도 합니다.
4.바다 쓰레기통 Seabin은 항구와 부두에서 시작하여 플라스틱 쓰레기를 처리하는 데 사용됩니다.
5.해양에 관련된 내용을 다루어서 처음 보는 단어들이 나와 쓰는데 헷갈림을 느꼈다.
6.3
7.외우는데는 어려움을 겪었지만 마음에 드는 소재가 잘 만들어져서 괜찮게 느껴졌다.
8.딱히 없음

# data[].attributes.body
1.물리학
2. 원문제목:
내 제목: noise such as noise canceling
3.현재 지구에는 전리층과 인공전파로 인해 지구에서의 우주탐사가 방해를 받고 있다
달에서 상업적인 활동의 증가로 전파로부터 깨끗한 달에 대한 이 프로젝트가 방해를 받을 수 있다
4. 지구의 영향을 받지 않는 달의 반대편에 전파 망원경을 설치하는것은 우주탐사에 대한 해결책을 제시할 수 있다
5. 네이쳐 기사에 관한 글이라 상당히 전문적인 단어들이 많아서 단어들을 검색하느라 힘들었지만 전반적인 내용과 주장을 이해하니 단어들도 이해가 가기 시작했다
6. 5점
7. Good
8.
9. 김태하, 양이 많음에도 불구하고 동물생명에 관한 내용을 잘 전달한 것 같다 너무 잘함 잘생김

# data[].attributes.body
생명, 화학
Global energy crisis
How to save our energy
코로나 상황 이후 에너지가 부족해졌고
우크라이나 러시아 전쟁에 의해 러시아 석유
공급이 중단되어 에너지 고갈이 심화
국가 차원에서 석유 대체 생산국에서
석유를 수입, 재생에너지의 사용을 추진
개인 차원에서 백열등 대신 led전구 사용,
온도 조절 장치를 1도 낮춤

# data[].attributes.body
1. 의료(글과 관련x)
2. 1) 10 Ways You Can Help Abused and Abandoned Animals 2) Poor animals need our help
3. 동물학대와 유기
4. 입양하기, 애완동물 중성화하기, 기부하기, 학대가 의심되면 신고하기
5. 영어 원문과 번역문을 비교해가면서 가능한 원문에서 많이 뽑아서 영작을 했고, 파파고를 동원해서 모르는 단어를 검색해가면서 했다.
6. 1
7. 영작은 열심히 했지만 영작한 문장을 외운다는 걸 까먹고 생각지도 못하고 있어서 외울 기회를 날려 너무 아쉬웠다.

# data[].attributes.body
1. 생명공학

2. (1)A paper microscope that costs only 50 cents can detect malaria from just a drop of blood — and it could revolutionize medicine (2)A paper microscope that only 50cents

3. 개발도상국 국민들은 의료에 취약하다

4.  간단한 과학적 원리로 비용이들지 않는 과학도구를 만들어 모두가 의료시설을 누릴 수 있게한다

5. 한글로 해석한다음 해석본을 외우고 짜투리 시간마다 노트에 적어가며 외웠다. 순서가 햇갈려 순서 외우는데도 시간이 걸렸다

6. 5

7. 영문 신문을 읽어보면서 내 지식으로도 충분히 읽을 수 있다는 자신감이 생겼.

# data[].attributes.body
1.  관심분야:금융,대출
2. 글 제목:Arise of U.S exchange rate.
3. 문제점: 미국(선진국)의 계속되는 금리인상으로 인하여서전세계적으로 경제적으로 모든 면에서 둔화된다.
4. 해결책:미국(대통령)의 금리 인하정책을 새우는 것이고 물가와 경기에 맞게 나라를 운용 할 필요가 있다.
5. 노력:문장 하나하나를 공책에 쓰고 소리내어 읽으면서 외웠다.
6. 자기평가:5
7. 소감:이번 수행평로 인하여 나에대한 진로와 연개되어 글을 쓴 것에 감동이 있다고 느꼈다. 그리고 나의 대출,금융지식을 기반으로 이 글을 작성한 것이 자랑스럽다고 생각한다. 이런 기회가 또 찾아오면 좋겠다는 생각이 든다

# data[].attributes.body
1. Electric Vehicles Have a Fuel - Efficiency Problem
2. Several ways to increase electric vehicles’ fuel efficiency
3. 전기 자동차의 전기 효율 문제
4. 전고체 배터리의 개발
5. 맨 처음에 진로의 방향과 영어 쓰기 수행평가와 어떻게 엮어야 할지 고민이 되었는데 자료 조사를 열심히 하여서 주제를 찾아 고민을 해결하였다.
6. 4
7. 번역기와 영어사전의 도움이 있었지만 나의 능력으로 영작을 하고 영작을 한 것을 암기하여 수행평가를 완료한 것이 뿌듯하였다.

# data[].attributes.body
1 관련된 관심분야는 없는거 같다.
2 mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the covid 19 pandmic A review 내 제목: you have to take your medicine well
3

# data[].attributes.body
1. 청소년 비만
2. serious problems and solution of children obesity
3. 단음료을 포함한 패스트 푸드, 튀김, 스포츠 음료 , 청소년의 운동부족 , 마지막으로 개인 , 부모 , 가족으로 인한 스트레스가 비만을 유발함
4. 건강한 식습관 가지기, 규칙적인 신체활동
5. 논문에서 가져온 글 중에 겹치는 단어들을 어떻게 변형해서 써야할지, 문장의 흐름이 어떻게 해야 매끄럽게 흘러갈지 고민을 많이 했던 것 같습니다.
6. good
7. 내가 관심있던 분야로 조사할 수 있어서 수행평가 동안 지루하지 않았고 더 자세히 알게되어서 망족스럽다

# data[].attributes.body
1. <글쓰기와 관련한 나의 관심 분야는 ?>
: 진로인 작가와 관련하여 윤리적인 글쓰기, 소설이나 에세이같은 글에 대한 저작권 문제에 대해 우리 사회가 크게 경각심을 가지고 있는 것 같지 않아서 소개해주고 싶었다.

2. <검색한 글의 원문 제목 / 자신이 쓴 글의 제목>
(1) 검색한 글 원문 제목 : Award-winning author at odds with publisher over copyright
(2) 자신이 쓴 글의 제목 : A society needs for creative works

3. <내가 제시한 문제점은>
- 국민 대다수가 집단적 표절 불감증에 빠져 있는 것이 우리의 현실이다.
- 저작권에 대해 적용할 기준이 명확하지 않아 분명한 판단이 어렵다.
- 표절과 저작권 침해는 창작 의욕을 꺾는다.

4. <내가 찾은 해결책은>
- 표절과 저작권 침해의 예방을 위한 교육이 필요하다.
- 저작권자의 동의 없이 수정, 편집, 배포하지 않는다.
- 저작권자의 동의를 받을 수 없으면 저작물을 사용하지 않는다.
- 저작권자의 의사에 따라 출처 표시를 명확히 한다.
- 그 저작물이 보호를 받는 저작물인지 확인을 해야 한다.

5.
1) 영어 쓰기를 준비하는 데 어떤 노력을 기울였나 ?
: 처음엔 그저 번역기를 돌리고 단어를 외우고, 문장을 외우는 작업으로 단순하게 수행하려는 생각을 했었다. 근데, 무작정 외우고 있자니 잘 외워지지도 않았고 문득 생각에 잠겼다. "내가 말하고 싶은 주제를 가지고 문제점을 소개하는데, 나는 그저 하나의 수행으로만 보고 있는 이 상황이 맞는 건가? 이래도 되는 건가? 싶었다. 그래서 저작권, 표절에 관한 주로 나오는 표현과 단어들을 외우는데 집중했고, 외우는 것과 별개로 그 표현들이 나오는 다른 논문이나 기사를 찾아서 읽어보면서 재미있고 여유롭게 외울 수 있는 방법을 찾은 것 같아서 기분이 조핬다.

6.
2) 영어 쓰기를 준비하는데 얼마나 노력을 기울였나 ?
: 4점 (매일매일 하지는 못했지만, 외울 땐 최선을 다함 나머지 1점은 꾸준함에서 살짝 깎였다고 생각한다.)

7. <수행 평가를 마치고 난 후의 소감, 느낌 ?>
: 단순 외우고, 너무 동떨어진 주제에 관해서 소개나 논문을 찾았으면 재미도 없고, 동기부여나 목표 의식 또한 없었을 것이다. 그러나, 내가 좋아하는 주제를 내가 부족하다고 생각하는 과목인 영어를 활용해서 의견을 말하고, 해결책을 제시하고 기대 효과까지 첨가하기까지 하면서 응집성 있는 정말 하나의 글을 완성했다는 생각에 뿌듯하고, 이 문제에 관해 더 한 걸음 깊게 사유하는 사람이 된 것 같아서 좋았다.

# data[].attributes.body
1.간호학

2.8 Challenges as a Nurse and Tips for Overcoming Them, Adversities as a nurse and solutions for overcoming them.

3.간호사들은 장기간 근무로 인해 신체적으로나 정신적으로나 지쳐 있다. 간호사들의 교대 근무시간은 게속하여 변하기 때문에 수면 패턴에 방해를 받는다. 간호사들은 신체적으로 요구되는 의무를 자주 수행해야 한다. 간호사들은 환자들을 돌보기 때문에 평균적으로 많은 질병 위험에 노출된다.

4.간호사들은 교대 근무 시간 사이에서 충분히 잠을 잘 수 있는 방법을 찾아서 활기찬 하루를 보내야 합니다. 간호사들 역시 힘들고 지칠 때 누군가에게 도움을 요청해야 합니다. 간호사들은 운동같은 건강한 습관을 통해서 질병을 극복하고 에너지를 얻어야 합니다.

5.처음에는 10개의 문장을 노트에 적고 여러 번 훑어 본 다음 문장을 점차 가려가면서 외우기 시작했습니다. 점점 외우면서 문장의 첫 부분을 기억하고 문장의 순서까지도 외워갔습니다. 머릿속으로 문장을 상기시키는 데에 큰 어려움이 없다면 노트에 직접 적어가면서 외워갔습니다. 모의 테스트 느낌으로 외우기가 수월하기도 하고 머리로만 외울 때는 드러나지 않는 실수나 미약한 부분들을 채워갈 수 있었습니다. 이전에는 필기를 통해 암기하지 않고 머리로만 외우려는 자만적인 태도 때문에 봉변을  당했던 적이 있어서 필기를 통하여 암기의 어려움을 조금 더 완화시킨 것 같습니다.

6. 4(전날부터 새벽까지 밤을 새가며 외웠고 금일 오전부터 시간이 남을 때마다 계속 필기를 하여 외우고 수고를 들였지만 미리 준비를 하지 못하고 급급한 전날부터 수행 준비에 임하였습니다.)

7.수행평가를 보기 전에는 힘들고 지루한 시간의 연속이었기 때문에 빨리 시험을 보고 싶다는 생각이 들었지만 완벽하게 다 맞을 수 있을 것이라는 확신이 들지않아 불안한 마음도 공존하였습니다. 하지만 수행평가를 마치고 난 뒤에는 노력의 결과가 드러나는 것처럼 후련한 감정이 잇따랐던 것 같았습니다. 그리고 부담이 하나 덜어지고 해야할 일을 온전히 수행하였기 때문에 뿌듯함 역시 느껴졌습니다.

8.저를 포함한 학생들이 잘못된 행동을 하고 있다면 바로 잡아주시기 바랍니다.

# data[].attributes.body
1. 청소년 비만
2. serious problems and solution of children obesity
3. 단음료을 포함한 패스트 푸드, 튀김, 스포츠 음료 , 청소년의 운동부족 , 마지막으로 개인 , 부모 , 가족으로 인한 스트레스가 비만을 유발함
4. 건강한 식습관 가지기, 규칙적인 신체활동
5. 논문에서 가져온 글 중에 겹치는 단어들을 어떻게 변형해서 써야할지, 문장의 흐름이 어떻게 해야 매끄럽게 흘러갈지 고민을 많이 했던 것 같습니다.
6. 4점
7. 내가 관심있던 주제를 바탕으로 자료를 조사하게 되어 수행평가를 준비하는 동안 지루하지 않아서 좋았고 더 자세한 정보를 알게되어 만족스러웠다.

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1. 글쓰기와 관련한 나의 관심 분야는?

2. 1) 검색한 원문 제목과 2) 자신이 쓴 글의 제목을 영어로 쓰세요.

3. 내가 제시한 문제점은? (우리말로 자세히 쓰시오)

4. 내가 찾은 해결책은? (우리말로 자세히 쓰시오)

5. 자기평가 : 1) 영어 쓰기를 준비하는 데 어떻게 노력을 기울였나요?

(영어쓰기를 하면서 어려웠던 점과 극복 방법 중심으로)

6. 자기평가 : 2) 영어쓰기를 준비하는데 얼마나 노력을 기울였나요?

1(거의 없음) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5(아주 많음)

7. 수행평가를 마치고 난 후의 소감이나 느낌은?

8. 기타: 영어 선생님께 하고 싶은 말(수업 또는 수행평가 관련)

9. 페들렛에 게시된 친구들의 제출물을 살펴보고, 칭찬하고 싶은 친구와 그 이유를 써주세요.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
3학년 1학기 수행평가 자기평가

# data[].attributes.body
글쓰기와 관련한 나의 관심 분야는? 교육

1) 검색한 원문 제목과 2) 자신이 쓴 글의 제목을 영어로 쓰세요.
1) bullying
2) need to pay attention to children who are bullied

내가 제시한 문제점은? (우리말로 자세히 쓰시오)
따돌림은 심각하고 고통스러운 경험이며 몇 번이고 반복된다.
괴롭힘 행위에는 사람의 신체 또는 소유물을 해치는 것, 상처를 주는 말 등이 포함되고 따돌림을 당하는 아이는 학교 가는 것을 싫어하고 불안해하며 자존감이 낮다.

내가 찾은 해결책은? (우리말로 자세히 쓰시오))
따돌림을 해결하기 위한 방법은 ‘알리는 것(신고)’이다.
하지만 따돌림을 당하는 아이들은 따돌림에 대해 알리려고 하지 않는다.
그래서 학교에서는 교사가, 집에서는 부모가 아이들에 대한 관심을 가져야 한다.
또 다른 해결책으로는 학생들이 학교폭력 실태조사뿐만 아니라 심리상담사의 상담을 받도록 해야 한다.

자기평가 : 1) 영어 쓰기를 준비하는 데 어떻게 노력을 기울였나요?
(영어쓰기를 하면서 어려웠던 점과 극복 방법 중심으로)
영어 10문장을 외우기 전에 10문장의 대략적인 내용 흐름을 파악하고 1문장 당 10번씩 종이에 옮겨 적으며 암기했다.

자기평가 : 2) 영어쓰기를 준비하는데 얼마나 노력을 기울였나요? 5
1(거의 없음) 2 3 4 5(아주 많음)

7. 수행평가를 마치고 난 후의 소감이나 느낌은?
영어 10문장을 열심히 암기해서 그런지 문장 속에서 사용된 영어단어들이 잘 안 잊혀지고 기억이 오래가는 것 같았다. 영어 단어를 외울 때 그냥 한 단어만 외우는 것이 아니라 하나의 문장을 분석하며 문장 속 단어들이 어떤 의미로 사용되는지 알아보는 방법도 괜찮을 것 같다는 생각이 들었다.

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1. 가축의 동물복지
2.(1)Weekly genetics review: Breeding the horns off – it takes more than one generation
(2)Breeding Polled Cattle with genetics
3.가축으로 기르는 소의 뿔 때문에 서로 다치는 일이 발생해 소 뿔을 자르는데, 이것이 동물복지에 문제가 된다.
4.동형접합체 유전자를 활용하여 부모로부터 뿔이 없는 유전자를 받아 뿔이 없는 소를 생산하는 해결책이 있다.
5.여러 기사들을 읽어보며 원하는 주제를 탐색했고, 일주일 전부터 암기를 해서 완벽히 외울 수 있도록 노력했다.
6.자기평가:5
7. 해외 기사를 읽으며 교과서적이 아닌 해외에서 실생활에 쓰이는 다양한 표현들을 접해보니 영어의 폭을 넓힐 수 있는 좋은 기회였던것 같다.
8.자신의 진로에 대한 영어 기사를 찾아보는 것은 평소에는 잘 하지 않는 일이니, 수행평가를 통해 이런 시간을 갖는것이 의미있는것 같습니다. 후배들도 이 수행평가를 진행해도 좋을것 같습니다.
9.해찬이의 주제가 현사회의 문제점에 대해 잘 요약해서 다루고있어 좋은 글인것 같다.

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1.생명과학
2.1)How human ‘organs on a chip’ can help replace animal testing
2)animal testing ends, organ chips appear
3.많은 나라에서 인간의 임상실험을 하기위해 인간의 장기를 사용할수 없기에 동물을 이용해 실험을 하지만 이 실험은 결과가 때로는 실패로 이어지고 생명관련 윤리 문제도 나오고 있기에 이를 해결할 기술이 무엇일까 살펴봤다.
4. 장기칩은 전자 회로가 놓인 칩위에 살아있는 특정 장기를 구성하는 세포를 배양함으로써 해당 장기의 기능과 특성을 모방하는 기술로 동물실험에 쓰여지는 동물들을 대체하는 것 입니다.
5. 영어 쓰기를 하면서 과학 기술에 쓰이는 전문 단어들이 우리가 실생활에 잘 쓰여지고 고등 수준의 단어로 바꿀때 약간의 차이를 설명하기 어려웠지만 기사를 자세히 읽어 보고 기사 관련 사례를 많이 찾아봐서 설명하기 수월해졌다.
6.5
7.굉장히 높은 수준의 수행평가 여서 시간을 쓴 보람과 뿌듯함이 많이 느껴집니다.
9. 조현서 , 고등 수준의 어려운 물리 또는 천체 에너지 관련 논문을 수월하고 일관성있고 통일성을 가진 글을 써내려감

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1.경제,환경분야(핵심내용은 경제)
2.
1)앞으로 필요한 학문, 환경경제학
2)the study of the future, environmental economics
3.석탄과 석유와 같은 화석 연료를 태우면 오염 물질이 배출되는 문제
4.세계 천연 자원들과 공공재를 보호해야한다
5.시간나는대로 틈틈히 영어문장을 외웠고 평소에 경제나 환경에 대한 서적을 많이 찾아본 덕분에 외우기 더 수월했던 것 같다 영어 문장을 외우면서 내가 찾은 주제인 환경경제학에 대해 더 잘 알게된거 같고 영어로된 더 많은 정보를 찾기 위해서 영어를 배워야할 필요성을 느끼게 되었다. 영어를 더 배우며 다양한 정보를 수집하여 좋은 경제학자가 되고싶다
6. 5점

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1. 경제분야
2. 제목: arise in the US exchange rate.
3. 내용:미국의 기준금리(이자)가 상승하면서 전세계적으로 경제적 피해를 받는다.
3-1. 미국뿐만 아니라 다른나라들 또한 물가가 지속적으로 오르고 있다. 그리고 미국의 달러 상승으로 인하여 수출이 증가하고 수입이 증가하여서 경기침체를 우려하게 되었다.
3-1 물가뿐만 아닌 주택가격,미분양 주택 등등이 증가하면서 주택 소유자,여러 시중은행이 막대한 손해와 손실을 보고있고 부동산시장 또한 점점 악화가 되는 중이다.
4. 경제에 관심은 많았어도 내가 모르는 지식을 미국의 논문을 사용한 것과 그 찾는 과정이 힘들었고 글을 만들어내는대 꽤 많은 시간을 소모하였고 선생님께 계속해서 피드백을 받으며 수정을 하여 결과물은 만들어내는데 까지 힘든시간이였다고 생각한다.
5.  외울때 좀 긴 시간이 걸렸고 중간에 포기하려고 했지만 끝까지 자신과의 싸움으로 이겨냈기 때문에
좋은성과를 내서 뿌듯하다고 생각한다.

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1.생명,화학
2.
1)global energy crisis
2)how to save our energy.
3. 코로나와 러시아의 우크라이나 침공으로 인한 에너지 자원 공급 부족
4.  국가적인 차원에서는 석유 대체 생산국에서 석유를 공급하고 재생에너지를 사용
개인적 차원에서는 LED를 사용하고 보일러의 온도를 적절히 맞추는 것이 있다.
5. 이해가 안되는 단어나 문법들은 번역기를 통하여 알아냈다.
6. 4
7. 러시아의 침공으로 인한 피해가 이만저만이 아니다.
9. 이현준 학우님의 주제가 나의 관심사와 비슷한 점에서 흥미가 생겼고 꽤나 긴 글을 외울 정도의 열의와 글의 짜임성까지 가히 칭찬할 만 하다.

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1.정치 분야
2. 1)fine dust 2)fine dust: is it fine?
3.편서풍으로 불어오는 중국의 미세먼지가 대한민국에 오래 지속
요리용 연료와 건축자재로 발생하는 실내의 미세먼지

디젤과 가솔린 직분사 엔진이 미세먼지의 농도를 높인다
4.인공강우를 이용하여공기중에 있는 미세먼지를 제거한다
도시 숲이 미세먼지를 흡수하고 습도와 온도를 낮춰 미세먼지 농도를 낮춘다.
전기차와 하이브리드 차의 확산으로 미세먼지를 줄일 수 있다.
5.미세먼지 문제에 대한 뉴스를 찾아보고 미세먼지의 더 자세한 원인(중국도 피해자)과 해결방안 중 실현 가능한 것이 무엇인지 알아보았다.
6.자기평가:2) 5점
7.대한민국에서 미세먼지는 중국 때문이다 라는 편견이 있다. 하지만 이 말은 반은 맞고 반은 틀렸다.중국도 대한민국과 비슷하게 인도 사막에서 날라오는 황사와 미세먼지로 신경을 쓰고 있고 인도에서 날라온 황사와 미세먼지가 대한민국에도 영향을 끼치고 있기 때문이다.
8.x
9.대부분의 친구들이 열심히 했기에 친구들의 대부분을 칭찬해주고 싶다.