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Un motor eléctrico simple funciona transformando energía eléctrica en energía mecánica. Consiste en una parte fija llamada estator y una parte móvil llamada rotor. El estator contiene bobinas de alambre dispuestas alrededor de un núcleo de hierro, que se conectan a una fuente de energía eléctrica y generan un campo magnético. El rotor, por otro lado, está compuesto por un eje de metal y un conjunto de imanes permanentes que están montados en el eje.

Cuando la corriente eléctrica fluye a través de las bobinas del estator, se crea un campo magnético que interactúa con los imanes del rotor, produciendo un movimiento giratorio. La polaridad del campo magnético en el estator se invierte constantemente para mantener el movimiento del rotor. Esto se logra mediante un dispositivo llamado conmutador, que cambia la polaridad de la corriente que fluye a través de las bobinas del estator en intervalos regulares.

Entonces, un motor eléctrico simple funciona transformando la energía eléctrica en energía mecánica mediante la interacción de campos magnéticos entre las bobinas del estator y los imanes del rotor.

(Defición del grupo)

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Fabricación del Motor Eléctrico - Trabajo en Equipo

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Fabricación del Motor Eléctrico - Trabajo en Equipo

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Cómo construir un motor eléctrico simple: 10 Pasos

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Aunque los principios detrás de la interacción de la corriente eléctrica y los campos magnéticos pueden resultar un poco técnicos, la construcción de un motor básico es bastante sencilla. A continuación, se presentarán los pasos para...

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Figure: Motor1.gif
I saw this on the TV show Beakman's World and I was very impressed that you could actually build a working electric motor with so few parts. I built one and brought it to work where it was a big hit with all the engineers around here. This writeup was for a friend of mine who wanted instructions that his son could follow for a science fair project. So, if you missed the show, here's how to build one. If you are using a text only browser, you can click on the "Figure" links to download the drawing s (GIF files). BTW, my friend's son won second place in the school's science fair.

BTW, I am not Beakman, nor do I have anything to do with the show. I am just a fan...

To contact me directly: Chris Palmer

'I play "Lester," the guy in the rat suit on "Beakman's World," and I'm delighted to see my personal favorite Beakman experiment so faithfully rendered and explained on the Web. Thanks!'
Mark "Lester" Ritts, Los Angeles, California

Visitors to this page since January, 1998.

I had around 80,000 when my old counter broke last September, so you can probably add around 90-100K to the above counter.

How It Works

Troubleshooting Tips

Materials Required:

One 'D' Cell Alkaline Battery

One Wide Rubber Band

Two Large Paper Clips

One Rectangular Ceramic Magnet

Heavy Gauge Magnet Wire (the kind with red enamel insulation, not plastic coated)

One Toilet Paper Tube

Fine Sandpaper

Optional: Glue, Small Block of Wood for Base

Instructions:

1. Starting about 3 inches from the end of the wire, wrap it 7 times around the toilet paper tube. Remove the tube (you don't need it any more). Cut the wire, leaving a 3 inch tail opposite the original starting point. Wrap the two tails around the coil so that the coil is held together and the two tails extend perpendicular to the coil. See illustration below:

Figure 1: M1.gif

Note: Be sure to center the two tails on either side of the coil. Balance is important. You might need to put a drop of glue where the tail meets the coil to prevent slipping.

2. On one tail, use fine sandpaper to completely remove the insulation from the wire. Leave about 1/4" of insulation on the end and where the wire meets to coil. On the other tail, lay the coil down flat and lightly sand off the insulation from the top half of the wire only. Again, leave 1/4" of full insulation on the end and where the wire meets the coil.

Figure 2: M2.gif

3. Bend the two paper clips into the following shape (needle-nosed pliers may be useful here):

Figure 3: M3.gif

4. Use the rubber band to hold the loop ends (on the left in the above drawing) to the terminals of the "D" Cell battery:

Figure 4: M4.gif

5. Stick the ceramic magnet on the side of the battery as shown:

Figure 5: M5.gif

6. Place the coil in the cradle formed by the right ends of the paper clips. You may have to give it a gentle push to get it started, but it should begin to spin rapidly. If it doesn't spin, check to make sure that all of the insulation has been remove d from the wire ends. If it spins erratically, make sure that the tails on the coil are centered on the sides of the coil. Note that the motor is "in phase" only when it is held horizontally (as shown in the drawing).

7. For display, you will probably need to build a small cradle to hold the motor in the proper position. It might also help to bend the ends of the coil a bit so that as it slips right or left, the bends keep it in the proper position:

Figure 6: M6.gif

Here is a diagram of the finished motor:

Figure 7: motor.gif

Further Experiments:

Since this is an existing design, you might want to do some further experiments to make it more of a Science Fair experiment instead of just a model. Here are some suggestions:

1. Try to adjust the phase angle of the motor so that it will operate in a vertical position. This involves removing a different area of insulation from the partially bared tail of the coil.

2. Try making different shaped coils and seeing how they work. Is the circle the best shape? Try squares, ovals, etc. Make a display showing each of the coils you tried with a short summary of the results underneath them.

3. Try varying the number of turns of wire in the coil. I don't know where they came up with seven. Does even or odd number of turns matter? Does the number of turns determine the speed? Again, include the different coils in the display and describe the results.

4. How long can you get the motor to run before it falls off the cradle?

5. Turn the coil slowly by hand and feel the magnetic attraction at each position of the coil. Make drawings showing the different coil positions and describe how the attractions vary at each position.

6. HARD ONES: Can you think of an interesting way of determining the speed of the motor (in RPM)? Can you make the motor do any work?

Final Notes:

You can get the magnet wire and ceramic magnets at Radio Shack. I think the wire comes in a pack of three spools of different gauges, you want to use the medium gauge, not too heavy, but thick enough to hold its shape.

Be sure to bring a fresh (extra) battery to school with the project.

You should include the Beakman's World show in your bibliography.

Back to my Home Page
Sign my guest book!

Christopher M. Palmer / Intergraph Corporation / cmpalmer@ingr.com

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Figure: Motor1.gif I saw this on the TV show Beakman's World and I was very impressed that you could actually build a working electric motor with so few parts. I built one and brought it to work where it was a big hit with all the engineers around here.

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A simple explanation of how motors work through electricity and magnetism.

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A Simple Electric Motor

An electrical motor is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It works on the principle of the interactions between the magnetic fields of a permanent magnet and the field generated around a coil conducting electricity. The attractive and repulsive forces between the magnet and the coil create rotational motion.

A simple electric motor consists of the following parts.

1. A permanent magnet

2. Armature or rotor
This consists of a thin copper wire coiled around an iron core, hence when electric current flows it acts as an electromagnet. In the case of a simple motor this is a wire loop.

3. Commutator
A Commutator is a copper ring split in two halves. In a simple electric motor each half is connected to the ends of the wire loop. In practise they are connected to the axle.

4. Brushes
The brushes connect the wire loop or armature to the power supply

5. Axle
In electric motors the commutator is attached to the axle. The axle transfers the rotational motion.

6. Power supply (battery)

Improving a Motor

An electric motor can be made powerful by the following;

By increasing the number of turns that are wound on the coil. In the case of the wire loop in the animation this would mean winding to form two loops.

By winding the electrical wire around a soft iron core so that the magnetic field is stronger.

By replacing the permanent magnet with a electromagnet which can gice a stronger magnetic field.

By winding extras coils around the core. Similar to having two separate wire loops in the animation above however this would mean splitting the commutator into 4 parts.

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Electric Motors & Generators - Pass My Exams: Easy exam revision notes for GSCE Physics

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An electrical motor is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It works on the principle of the interactions between the magnetic fields of a permanent magnet and the field generated around a coil conducting electricity. The attractive and repulsive forces between the magnet and the coil create rotational motion.

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Electric motors are everywhere! In your house, almost every mechanical movement that you see around you is caused by an AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) electric motor.

A simple motor has six parts:

By understanding how a motor works you can learn a lot about magnets, electromagnets and electricity in general. In this article, you will learn what makes electric motors tick.

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Electric motors are everywhere! In your house, almost every mechanical movement that you see around you is caused by an AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) electric motor. A simple motor has six parts: By understanding how a motor works you can learn a lot about magnets, electromagnets and electricity in general.

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Faça um Incrível Motor Elétrico com Latinha de Alumínio e Matérias Simples

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