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Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Ophthalmological Disorders: A Systematic Review

National CMV Foundation

Lymphoreticular and Hematopoetic Infections

CDC: About Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Mayo Clinic: CMV infections

Viral Infections of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems

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Wash hands often.
Avoid direct contact with other people's fluids (saliva, tears, etc.)
Clean toys of kids frequently.
Up to now, no CMV vaccine is licensed. Scientists are still doing further research on CMV vaccine.

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Insight with John Ferrugia: "Common Virus, Silent Killer"

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There is a high percent of children with CMV that have eyes disorders regarding to several search. Because of that, scientists are considering about the relationship between CMV and ophthalmological disorders and further screenings on both of these problems in the future to reduce the burden and complications as soon as we detect this disease.

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Credit: Center for Diseases Control and Prevention

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Cytomegalovirus-infected cell

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Healthy people with CMV infection: usually do not require to use medical treatments.
People with weakened immune system and infants with congenital may need to use antiviral medications such as ganciclovir (GVC) or valganciclovir (VGC).

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus for people of all ages; however, a healthy person's immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness.

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing rapidly and continues to affect communities across the United States differently. If you have questions about keeping your families safe and healthy during the coronavirus pandemic, please visit the CDC's coronavirus website and the People with Disabilities web page.

In the United States, nearly one in three children is already infected with CMV by age five. Over half of adults have been infected with CMV by age 40. Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. A person can also be re-infected with a different strain (variety) of the virus. Most people with CMV infection have no symptoms and aren't aware that they have been infected.

In some cases, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness that may include:

Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problem).

People with weakened immune systems who get CMV can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with congenital CMV infection is hearing loss, which may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood.

People with CMV may pass the virus in body fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, tears, semen, and breast milk. CMV is spread from an infected person in the following ways:

From direct contact with saliva or urine, especially from babies and young children

Through sexual contact

From breast milk to nursing infants

Through transplanted organs and blood transfusions

Blood tests can be used to diagnose CMV infection in adults who have symptoms. However, blood is not the best fluid to test newborns with suspected CMV infection. Tests of saliva or urine are preferred for newborns.

Healthy people who are infected with CMV usually do not require medical treatment. Medications are available to treat CMV infection in people who have weakened immune systems and babies with signs of congenital CMV. For babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth, antiviral medications, primarily valganciclovir, may improve hearing and developmental outcomes. Valganciclovir can have serious side effects and has only been studied in babies with signs of congenital CMV infection. There is limited information on the effectiveness of valganciclovir to treat infants with hearing loss alone.

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About Cytomegalovirus and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

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See the signs and symptoms of, transmission of, and diagnosis and treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus for people of all ages.

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is caused by cytomegalovirus - which is a common virus belonging to the herpesviridae family of viruses. The virus can spread easily through body fluids of an infected person, such as saliva, urine, blood, semen and breastmilk and sexual contact. Additionally, this infection can be caused by bone marrow or organ transplantations. CMV is one of the most common infections which cause defects during fetal development. Cytomegalovirus breaks down the cytoskeletons of the host cell leading to an enlarged cell and then damages the cell. CMV can infect T cells, epithelial cells (producing more virus after being affected), macrophages, etc. The symptoms could be more dangerous for women who are pregnant or people with weakened immune system.

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Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

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Fever
Sore throat
Swollen glands
Mononucleosis or hepatitis.
The congenital CMV can also cause brain, lung, liver problems and lead to hearing loss.

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For adults: tests of blood or other body fluids
For newborns: PCR test of saliva or urine