# data[].attributes.body
goal: end racial segeration in america

key idea: approach, sit ins, boycott

key players: james farmer, georger hoover

where and when: chagico 1962

outcome: segeration banned

why was it imporant : pioneered the use of nonviolent direct action in America's civil rights struggle.

# data[].attributes.body
problem: to get school to end segeration

key ideass: sued the school for equal schools

Key players: thurgond

where and when: suspreme court, 1952

outcome: end segeration in schools

significance: challange the idea

why was it imporant: signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States,

# data[].attributes.body
goal: It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.

key ideas: overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans

participants: Senate minority leader Everett Dirksen

where and when: On August 6, 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act in the President's Room just off the Senate Chamber.

Outcome: . By the end of 1965, a quarter of a million new Black voters had been registered, one-third by federal examiners. By the end of 1966, only four out of 13 southern states had fewer than 50 percent of African Americans registered to vote.

significance: outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.

# data[].attributes.body
Goal: to demand an end to segregation, fair wages and economic justice, voting rights, education, and long overdue civil rights protections.

Key idea: the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr.'s now-iconic “I Have a Dream” speech

Participants : Philip Randolph, Whitney Young, James Farmer, Martin Luther King Jr., John Lewis.

When and Where: August 28, 1963. Some 250,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial, and more than 3,000 members of the press covered the event.

Outcome:  pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress.

Significance: protested racial discrimination and encouraged the passage of civil rights legislation;

# data[].attributes.body
goal:  challenge segregation on interstate buses and bus terminals.

key ideas: nonviolent resistance

participants: Ralph Abernathy, Catherine Burks-Brooks, Stokely Carmichael, Benjamin Elton Cox, Glenda Gaither Davis, Rabbi Israel James Farmer, William Harbour,

when and where: . On 4 May 1961, the freedom riders left Washington, D.C., in two buses and headed to New Orleans.

outcome:  the Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations banning segregation in interstate travel that fall.

significance:  attracted the attention of the Kennedy Administration

# data[].attributes.body
goal: On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.

key idea: citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax. On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.

participants: Sen. Spessard Lindsey Holland

when and where: On January 23, 1964, the United States

outcome: prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.

significance:

# data[].attributes.body
goal: identify the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School

participants: ernest Green, Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Pattillo, Gloria Ray, Terrence Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls.

where and when: September 4, 1957

outcome:  a federal judge ordered the National Guard removed.

signifance:   The media coined the name “Little Rock Nine" to identify the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School.Apr 15, 2021

why was it imporant :  to be the first African American students to enter Little Rock's Central High School.

# data[].attributes.body
goal: desegregation of the U.S. military.

key idea:  he issued this executive order abolishing segregation in the armed forces and ordering full integration of all branches.

participants: harry truman

when and where: July 26, 1948,

outcome: mandated the desegregation of the U.S. military

why is imporant: creating the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services.

# data[].attributes.body
goal: prohibit race discrimination in sales and rentals of housing.

key idea:  prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, sex, (and as amended) handicap and family status.

participants:  the NAACP, the National Association of Real Estate Brokers (NAREB), the GI Forum, and the National Committee Against Discrimination In Housing

where and when: April 11, 1968

outcome:  Fair housing legislation failed to pass in 1966 and 1967

# data[].attributes.body
goal:  change the segregational policies of F. W. Woolworth Company in Greensboro, North Carolina.

key idea: bringing the fight for civil rights to the national stage.

participants: Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNeil

when and where: February 1, 1960

outcome:  their actions made an immediate and lasting impact, forcing Woolworth's and other establishments to change their segregationist policies.

why is it imporant: demonstrated the potential strength of grassroots militancy and enabled a new generation of young people to gain confidence in their own leadership.