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I have gained a lot of knowledge on netiquette and digital citizenship throughout this project. In school, I remember being taught to be kind to others while using online data bases, but was never fully taught the do's and don'ts. It was something that I had to learn on my own. I am fortunate that we did this project, as I see it is important for future teachers to inform their students about netiquette.

Many students learn virtually, or use the internet for their assignments. It is important to teach them especially at a young age how to properly and appropriately use these platforms. Some netiquette's to remind your students of are don't add inappropriate information to your online homework or activities, and to mute yourself if you are not talking on online calls. It is crucial to educate your students since a lot of their assignments and classroom information have been turned to being online. By teaching your students of the proper use of netiquette, it will benefit them and give them key aspects in order to be safe online.

By doing research and strengthening my knowledge on this topic, it has prepared me to teach students on the proper uses of online data bases and social media, since the internet has been integrated into education over the past years. It is important to have posters in your room to remind your students of proper netiquette, and to always follow the golden rule: how you treat others in person should be the same as how you treat them online. If you are teaching younger students, you can do a lesson on manners, then your next lesson can be all about netiquette. Many students in the generations to come will be using technology and communicate with others online. It is crucial for you as a teacher to inform your students at a young age about this topic.

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Objective:
Students will gain knowledge and learn good manners to use when using social media.

Warm-up:
-Ask your students how many of you have used a digital device? Once a day? Many times everyday?
-Go over the do's and don'ts of netiquette.

Activity:
-Now that your students know the do's and don'ts of netiquette, split them into two groups.
-Draw a tic-tac-toe diagram on the board.
-Flip a coin to see what group will go first. The team that won will then decide if they want to be X or O.
-The students in the first group will get asked a question and reply if it is a good or bad form of netiquette.
-If the team answering gets it wrong, the other team gets to place their X or O.
-Rotate asking the questions to each team.
-The team that gets tic-tac-toe first wins the round.
-Play multiple rounds until all of the questions have been answered.

Example things to ask (students will respond if it's proper netiquette or not):
-A rudely written email
-Appropriate use of emojis
-Read before responding
-A flame war
-Spam tagging
-Sharing a post without asking
-Giving proper photo credit
-E Sarcasm
-Typing in all caps
-Cyber bullying
-A well written email
-Tell a trusted adult
-Don't share personal information
-Don't click on ads

Reflect:
-Ask your students "Has anyone said anything mean to you? How did that make you feel?"
-Reiterate to your students that you should always be kind to one another even if it is through an online source.
-Make a mini netiquette coloring book that students can cut out, ask a teacher to staple together, then color.

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How are they Different? How do they Intertwine?

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How are they Different? How do they Intertwine?

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The difference between netiquette and digital citizenship is that netiquette is more related to the form of communication of the internet; the different ways to communicate with others over the internet without "unnecessary misunderstandings". Digital citizenship is the overarching acceptable behavior when using the internet and "describes how a person can navigate safely, ethically, and appropriately on the World Wide Web".
These two concepts intertwine because they both involve one's presence on the internet. Each concept has its own individual guidelines, but all-in-all, both help protect one's privacy and security when being on the internet.

https://online.maryville.edu/online-bachelors-degrees/liberal-studies/digital-citizenship-and-netiquette-a-teachers-guide/
https://www.cybersmile.org/advice-help/category/netiquette

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Before this project, I was unaware netiquette and digital citizenship were even concepts. Although I learned about the importance of being careful on the internet when I was younger, I was unaware that it had a name. I have had multiple lessons, especially in technology class in middle school, about how we must be careful on the internet, but I was too naive and young to fully understand that. It wasn't until I was a little older and went through the process of regretting what I post online that I learned how truly important it is to protect yourself and your privacy when it comes to the internet. This project has made me grateful to learn this information so I can ensure my students are smarter and safer than I was when I was their age. Netiquette and digital citizenship are two important concepts that cover multiple topics at once that will inform and protect my students, ensuring them a certain career when they get older; never having something online that could haunt them forever.

Prior to doing this research, I did not consider how easy it is for students to access the internet. When I was younger, I owned a sidekick where I could make phone calls to my mom and play all two games on my phone. Access to the internet was not an option. Nowadays, kids as young as 5 years old own iPhones, and have access to the internet with a press of a button. With new technology coming out every day, children have unlimited access to the internet and online more than ever before. Because of this, educators must implement these teachings and emphasize how important it is to remain private at certain times. The more time that passes by, the easier it will be for younger generations to get to the internet; it is inevitable. Therefore, I will use netiquette and digital citizenship to my advantage, only hoping my students take what they learn in school and practice it at home under their parent's supervision. It will also be beneficial to teach students about these subjects as soon as they can understand simple concepts, and continue to implement them for as long as they are in school.

Completing this project has strengthened my view on just how important it is to practice both netiquette and digital citizenship; not just for my future students, but for everyone who has access to the internet. Because it is so easy to access the internet on any sort of electronic, preaching netiquette and digital citizenship to students would be most beneficial. Educating not only children but teenagers, adults, and even elders on netiquette and digital citizenship is a philosophy I will continue to stand by because posting on the internet will follow you for the rest of your life, therefore, continuously educating others, not matter the age, will benefit not only them but you as a teacher; as an educator.

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Learning Objectives:
-Learn the differences between being mean/rude, bullying, and cyberbullying.
-Reflect on our past experiences on the topic and find out we are not alone.
-Identify different strategies when encountering a bullying situation.
Warm-up Activity:
-Ask your students if they know what being mean, bullying, and cyberbullying are. Tell them to turn and talk to their peers about what they know about each subject and what their differences are.
-Play these videos after 5 minutes of speaking with their peers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySUzIx_3KgY
https://www.stopbullying.gov/kids/kid-videos/yes-thats-bullying
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peDosNN7l3w
-After watching the videos, ask the students to come up with a clear definition of each. Then, each group will tell the teacher their definitions while writing them on the board.
Expand:
- Explain that when bullying occurs, there are always at least two people that are included; the bully and the target. Bullying and cyberbullying occur for many different reasons.
-Ask the students if they have ever been the target of a bullying/cyberbullying incident. Have students turn and talk to their peers (only if they feel comfortable doing so).
-Hand out the worksheet and have students fill out the first two columns: <iframe src="https://oneonta365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/quezmd947_oneonta_edu/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc={22624d4d-fd8b-42b5-8052-2cf463c74efe}&amp;action=embedview" width="476px" height="288px" frameborder="0">This is an embedded <a target="_blank" href="https://office.com">Microsoft Office</a> document, powered by <a target="_blank" href="https://office.com/webapps">Office</a>.</iframe>
-Come back together and fill out the worksheet as a class.
-Next, explain that there are typically others watching the incident unravel; bystanders (people who watch the incident) and upstanders (people who do something to stop the incident when occurs).
-Have students discuss some ways an upstander can intervene and help the target.
-After a few minutes, come back together and fill out the third column.
- Explain the importance of empathy (when you imagine the feelings someone else is experiencing). Ask your students, "how would you feel if you were being bullied?" and "would you want someone to intervene and help you if you were the target or would you want people to just watch?". Ask, "how does empathy play a part in whether you are a bystander or an upstander?".
Analysis:
-Have students work with a partner and complete the following worksheet about a hypothetical cyberbullying situation.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Xsgl8kzTDETzxOOUjdSNXY-mYfwbTyNETWcs2bPjC74/edit
-After completion, go over the worksheet as a class, picking different students to share their different answers (if any).
"Exit Ticket":
-Give each student a blank index card and ask them to write what they would personally do as an upstander when they encounter a bullying situation (could be an in-person situation or a cyberbullying situation). This will encourage students to stand up to the bully rather than remain a bystander.
-Allow the students to write the index card anonymously.
-Post each index card around the room giving inspiration to each student.

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This video gives children tips on how to be responsible and safe when going on the internet such as asking a parent before going online and never starting a fight while being online. It also gives children a pledge to be the best they can be once using the internet.

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For Netiquette rules, play at 1:01.

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What is NETIQUETTE? 📱 Internet Behavior Rules for Kids 💻 Episode 1

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- Treat others how you would like to be treated online

- Avoid hurting someones feelings: Sometimes online, people can't tell if you are joking or not. Before you send anything, make sure the person you're sending it to knows if you're happy, sad, angry, etc.. You can do this by including smiley faces :)

- Be responsible online: You are in control when you are on the computer. Avoid using the computer to harm others. Spreading rumors, taking files, passwords, etc., and infecting others peoples computers with viruses are some examples of harming others online.

- Help others: The internet is growing and changing quickly which causes some difficulty keeping up. Your friends, family, or even classmates may need help understanding some changes. It is important to help them when you can!

- Be yourself: Always be yourself! Many people tend to use fake names or usernames. If you use false names, it will discourage people from talking to you and taking you seriously.

- Proofread before you send anything

- Respect others privacy: Don't pass on others private information or photos UNLESS you have their permission. This is a form of bad netiquette, and you might be accused of cyberbullying or online harassment.

https://www.cybersmile.org/advice-help/category/examples-of-good-netiquette
https://www.bpl.org/kids-learn/netiquette-for-kids/

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-Plagiarize someone else's work: Copyright laws bestows punishments on anyone who plagiarizes, where legal action can be taken place. Plagiarism is also not something a morally rational person would do. It is not considered a positive thing to steal someone else's work and take credit for it.

-Bully or "bad mouth" other people on the internet: Gossiping and bullying people online is not any better than if it were to happen in person. This is also known as cyberbullying; also where legal action can take place against you and anyone else who partakes in this action. "If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all".

-Overuse caps: Using all caps is crucial sometimes, HOWEVER, it is not appropriate to use caps ALL of the time. Using caps helps emphasize the importance of what you are trying to discuss, but when used in certain situations, using all caps could come across as you yelling at the person you're having a discussion with, imprinting a negative impression of you and your "demands".

-Spams others: At the end of the day, spamming is very annoying. It is not fun having constant notifications from a singular person, especially when it isn't even important or it's not a funny meme. If someone isn't responding to you right away, that does not give you permission to text them constantly. That could also be a hint that they don't want to speak to you and you should leave them alone.

https://medium.com/@carmen.zhang/netiquette-the-dos-and-the-don-ts-d7cfe146d09d

https://www.algonquincollege.com/contenthub/2020/07/02/netiquette-the-dos-donts-of-online-behaviour/

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"Digital citizenship refers to the responsible use of technology by anyone who uses computers, the Internet, and digital devices to engage with society on any level." In other words, it is each individual's "membership" and what we contribute to the internet that represents ourselves.

https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/what-is-digital-citizenship

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As a career readiness curriculum developer, we often hear from teachers who have questions about a variety of topics they are required to teach.

From soft skills to 21st Century skills, you have a lot of areas to include. And one of the most important ones is digital citizenship.

However, even with the increased focus on teaching this subject, there isn't much direction for career readiness instructors about what they are actually supposed to cover.
In this article, you'll discover answers to the most common questions teachers ask about digital citizenship:

1. What is digital citizenship?

2. What concepts does digital citizenship include?

3. How can you teach digital citizenship?

You'll also learn where you can find digital citizenship lessons to teach these crucial concepts and skills!

What Is Digital Citizenship?
Digital citizenship refers to the responsible use of technology by anyone who uses computers, the Internet, and digital devices to engage with society on any level.
As the rate of technological advancement continues to increase, the world as a whole is becoming more dependent on the Internet for day-to-day activities. That makes this a crucial topic to teach today's students.

Good digital citizenship for students engages them and shows them how to connect with one another, empathize with each other, and create lasting relationships through digital tools.

Bad digital citizenship, on the other hand, entails cyberbullying, irresponsible social media usage, and a general lack of knowledge about how to safely use the Internet.

Fortunately, almost all of the requirements to be a good digital citizen can be taught in the classroom.

What Concepts Does Digital Citizenship Include?
If you want to teach this subject, you'll want to focus on seven key concepts:

1. Empathy

2. How the Internet works

3. Understanding user data

4. Practicing digital literacy

5. Acknowledging the digital divide

6. Practicing digital wellness

7. Securing digital devices

These seven topics may sound complex, but they're surprisingly simple once you start planning.

1. Empathy

When you want to teach students how to be good digital citizens, teaching empathy is a great starting point.

This is because empathy is crucial to understanding how people talk and behave online.

Because Internet use relies largely on text-based communications, it's impossible to hear someone's vocal tone, see their facial expressions, or understand other non-verbal cues that you get when you're speaking to someone face-to-face.

As a result, it's incredibly easy for Internet users to make quick, harsh judgments about someone's statements online.

That means Internet users (including your students) can trade quick verbal or text-based blows that are intended to hurt someone's feelings instead of carrying on a typical conversation that you may hear over a phone call or face to face.

In the worst cases, this kind of behavior can devolve into cyberbullying, which has been documented as an especially bad problem for younger Internet users.

This is why teaching empathy has the potential to make an enormous difference in your students' lives.

How Do You Teach Empathy?

Teaching empathy is a challenge. After all, how do you teach something that many still consider to be an inborn factor of someone's psyche and attitude?

In fact, empathy is as simple to teach as any other concept.

Graduate Programs for Educators, for instance, has an article detailing several helpful strategies you can use to teach empathy in your classroom.

With these strategies in your repertoire of lessons, you'll be off to a strong start in teaching your students how to empathize with others online!

However, this is just the start.

After you teach empathy, you have to teach students how the Internet works.

2. How the Internet Works
The Internet is an incredible network of interconnected servers and computers that direct web browser requests through a network of wired and wireless connections.
While that's a vague explanation, the fact is that the Internet has gotten so large and complex that it's a challenge to be any more specific about it!

Fortunately, you can view a simplified explanation of the Internet in this infographic from WebFX.

So why is this important for students to understand?

The Internet is so fast and responsive that it's almost mind-blowing to consider all of the processes that have to happen behind the scenes just for someone to check their email.

But only a small percentage of people in the world - including students -actually understandwhat those processes are. Even fewer understand how those processes work!

When you show students that the Internet works via a sophisticated interconnection of digital tools, you set the stage to help them understand the next key elements of being good digital citizens.

How Do You Teach How the Internet Works?

Study.com has a great lesson on how the Internet works, and it's specifically designed for younger students.

This lesson focuses on networking (digital machines all linked together by the Internet) and hardware (the actual machines themselves).

It also includes concepts such as communication, central processing units, hard drives, computers, and more.

With this lesson, you can show students the basics of how the Internet functions so that they can increase their digital literacy!

3. Understanding User Data
User data is one of the most complex and concerning concepts in the digital age.
Just about every company with a website collects data on the people who visit it. That data may be as simple as the pages that someone views, and it could be as complex as someone's home address.

Most of the websites on the Internet use this information for marketing purposes. It helps them understand their customers a little bit better, and it helps companies connect with people in a meaningful way.

However, other websites use this opportunity maliciously. They may "mine" someone's web browser for their search history. They might also attach a "cookie," or unique identifier, to someone's web browser to see the other websites they visit.

Then, many of these companies take this data, package it together, and sell it to the highest bidder.

While almost every country has laws dictating that companies can't collect data on individuals younger than 18 (or 13 in some places), the fact of the matter is that it happens anyway.

As a result, your students need to know about personal data - and they need to know how they can protect themselves!

How Do You Teach Students About User Data?

Teaching user data is hard because very few outlets actuallyaddressuser data in the first place. In fact, it's such a new phenomenon - and its use is typically a closely-guarded secret - that many teachers may not evenknowabout it, much less be in a position to teach students.

Fortunately, you can teach students about user data by focusing on your students'digital footprints.

A "digital footprint" is the mark that someone's web browser leaves on the Internet.

Whenever you go to any website, you're tracked by some software that sees your "footprint." Then, when you return, that same software matches up your previous footprint with your current website visit. The result is that websites know who you are, how many times you've visited their website, and what you've done while visiting.

Some organizations - like Facebook and Google - may even track your Internet behavior outside of their websites.

Whether it's legal, ethical, or practical is unfortunately not currently debated in mainstream society.

However, that's all the more reason to teach your students that they're almost always being watchedwhen they're using the Internet.

4. Practicing Digital Literacy
Digital literacy is the practice of reading information online and understanding what it means, where it originated, and whether it's accurate.
As a result, digital literacy is one of the hardest concepts to teach to students. It's also one of the most important qualities for students to become good digital citizens!

After all, how can they practice good digital citizenship if they can't discern accurate information from misinformation online?

A solid digital literacy curriculum includes learning about ethics, protecting yourself online, and even preventing cyberbullying.

It's a lot to pack into a single subject - but it's essential for students in 21st Century classrooms.

How Do You Practice Digital Literacy?

Teaching digital literacy requires a lot of planning, finesse, and review to ensure your students understand what they need to know about the digital world.

Fortunately, companies from around the world offer digital literacy curriculum likelessons, activities, and assessments.

Still, if you're looking for the summary version of digital literacy, you can wrap it up in three concepts.

Clickbait

Clickbait refers to any text, headline, video title, etc. that's deliberately written to pique someone's interest and get them to click.

Generally speaking, clickbait is written by organizations that want to get people to their website so they can show ads and earn revenue. It's also used by malicious website owners who want to infect individuals' computers with malware.

In short, the rule of thumb is not to click a link or a video with a title that makes someone feel outrage. This is a hard urge to fight, but it can make the difference between good digital citizenship for students or having their computers infected with viruses!

Even worse, your students could click an article that delivers fake news to them.

Fake News

Fake news is a relatively new phenomenon. It refers to any media outlet publishing severely biased or intentionally false information.

Fake news is most often used with clickbait titles to get readers and alter people's opinions with ineffective claims or outright lies. It's also a key part of any information literacy curriculum.

In essence, if students ever read something that sounds incredibly skewed to one ideology over another, it's fake news. The same goes for any piece that's written by admittedly biased entertainment sources, tabloids, gossip websites, rumor mills, or social media posts.

As a general rule, if your students ever see an unflattering image of someone with text plastered at the top and / or bottom, you can safely assume it's fake news and best left ignored.

Empathy

It may look a little funny to talk about this again, but empathy is actually a big part of teaching digital literacyanddigital citizenship for students.

This is because a successful digital literacy curriculum requires students to think beneath the face-value text that they're reading online. Instead, they need empathy to truly understand the information they're absorbing.

This makes students question a writer's motivations behind something they see posted on social media. It may also prompt students to reach out with words of comfort to someone who they see in distress online.

Regardless of how it's applied, there's no wrong way to go when you're teaching empathy.

Incidentally, empathy is also key to the next element of digital citizenship for students.

5. Acknowledging the Digital Divide
The digital divide is the disparity between those who have access to modern digital tools (like computers and the Internet) and those who don't.
This is important to recognize because the Internet is still very much aluxuryin the world, even in the United States!

Access to computers and the Internet is still restricted by finance in every part of the world, meaning that those in poverty don't have the same level of access as those who have disposable income.

While Americans may think that this mostly applies to individuals living in third-world countries, the truth is far grimmer. Only 75.23% of Americans have Internet access, with a full 24.77% living without access.

In addition, 20% of Americans live in the Midwest where Internet access is most scarce, meaning that the infrastructure exists for a fair amount of Americans in that 24.77% who don't use the Internet.

Unfortunately, that means the remaining Americans in that percentage simply can't afford Internet access.

Some schools will have a disproportionately high quantity of those students. Others may have none at all.

But if your students aren't aware of the digital divide, then they may end up assuming that all students have equal access to the Internet - which is patently false.

At the same time, you don't want to ask students who don't have home Internet access to identify themselves to illustrate this point. That's embarrassing, and it could end up having a negative impact on your classroom.

So how can you introduce students to such a strange topic without isolating students in your class?

How Do You Acknowledge the Digital Divide?

The International Publisher of Information Science and Technology Researchsupplies dozens of different resources you can use to learn more about the digital divide.

Some of these resources are appropriate for the classroom. Others may only work for older students in high school.

The key is to find the information you need - even if it's just informing your students that some people are fortunate enough to have more than others - and bring it to the forefront of your class.

6. Practicing Digital Wellness
Digital wellness is the practice of refraining from indulging in the Internet and digital media for reasonable amounts of time.
In other words, it's the practice of knowing when to "take a break" from screens.

Digital wellness is important because too much screen time can have adverse effects on students.

Adrian F. Ward of the University of Colorado performed a full study on this topic and discovered that screen time can impact transactive memory, empathy, and even grey matter development in young minds.

So, strangely enough, the best way to practice digital wellness is to leave digital devices for a few hours every day!

How Do You Practice Digital Wellness?

When you teach digital wellness, you can use a combination of health information, psychology, neurology, and current events to illustrate why it's important to take time away from devices.

Teaching moderation, the importance of exercise,and even nutritioncan all play a big role in helping students understand why it's important to practice digital wellness.

7. Securing Digital Devices
The final element of becoming a good digital citizen is securing digital devices.
This is the perfect capstone to your digital citizenship curriculum because it takes everything students have learned and applies it to real-life scenarios.

You've shown students how the importance of empathy. You've shown them how the Internet works. You've even shown them why they need to use digital devices in moderation.

What's left in this equation? Well, students need to know how they can secure their computers, smartphones, and more.

You could fill an entire semester just talking about network security - which some schools do.

So how do you teachthis?

How Do You Teach Digital Device Security?

The Tech Edvocate has a great how-to article on the ways you can teach digital security to K-12 students. You can read this article and translate it to a point-by-point syllabus almost verbatim and you'll have several successful digital citizenship lessons.

However, they miss a few things that you should talk about.

First, there's smartphone security. Ensure your students know how to lock and change their smartphone codes or identification patterns.

If they use facial recognition, ensure they don't post similar photos of their faces online.

(Yes, this can work. Facial recognition software is unfortunately imperfect.)

Second, teach students about VPNs.You can read a bit about VPNs from Privacy Affairs, which provides an article talking about what VPNs are and how to set them up.

Basically, VPNs place a protective shell around your students' data as it travels throughout the Internet. Not even Internet service providers (ISPs) can crack it, although the VPN provider can still decode what you're doing.

The principles of VPNs are based around security, privacy, and the idea that companies aren't entitled to steal your online data.

When you and your students use one, you're adding an extra layer of protection to your online presence that can make the difference between a carefree life online and identity theft.

Finally, you can talk about antivirus software. Antivirus software comes in many forms and names, but it all does the same general task - keeping your possessions and information safe from those who would steal it.

All of this information acts like an extra padlock that you attach to a treasure chest. The more locks your students have on their personal information, the harder it is for anyone to steal it!

With all of this in mind, there's one final question we still have to answer.

There's so much here, and there's so much that you can teach your students with the right digital citizenship curriculum.

So where do you even start?

How Can You Teach Digital Citizenship?

Overall, there's no best way to teach digital citizenship. Some teachers pull digital citizenship lessons and activities from various places to build their course, while others prefer using a comprehensive digital citizenship curriculum.

If you're looking for a few supplemental resources, check out this list of digital citizenship lessons for middle school.
But If you're interested in a more robust digital citizenship curriculum, consider iCEV.
iCEV is a comprehensive CTE curriculum system designed to prepare students for career success. You can use iCEV to teach digital citizenship, digital responsibility, career development, professionalism, and much more.

To learn more about iCEV and if it's right for your program, check out the Middle School Digital Literacy and Career Exploration Curriculum page :

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What Is Digital Citizenship & How Do You Teach It?

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Have you heard the term digital citizenship? Discover what it means and how you can teach it to help your students succeed!

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Netiquette represents the importance of proper manners and behavior online. It is the set of professional and social etiquettes that are practiced in electronic communication on any computer based networks.

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The internet follows you around everywhere you go. No matter the age, it is important to be careful about what you post because, depending on what you post, it has the potential to create negative impacts on who you are as a person and even a possible career opportunity. Personal information such as photographs, passwords, and personal information may be exposed and could impact your life dramatically. It is important to teach this to children especially at a young age because starting privacy and safety practices will decrease their chances of "getting in trouble" as they continue to grow. We have also been heavily reliant on technology recently, especially with COVID-19. Netiquette and Digital Citizenship will allow everyone to work and "collaborate" with others online in a mutually respectful tone and will limit the chances of miscommunication. We can also dive further into Netiquette and Digital Citizenship by saying that they both encourage young children to be careful online, ultimately "protecting and promoting human rights... such as freedom, privacy, and security".
https://blog.citl.mun.ca/instructionalresources/netiquette/#:~:text=Netiquette%20(Online%20Etiquette)%20is%20a,when%20working%20and%20collaborating%20online.

https://usidhr.org/what-is-digital-citizenship-and-why-is-it-important/#:~:text=Digital%20Citizenship%20Education%20is%20necessary,being%20vulnerable%20to%20these%20issues.&text=Digital%20Citizenship%20Education%20encourages%20young,and%20security%20(McGowan%202021).