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- The science of reading states that comprehension is a product of decoding and linguistic comprehension. It can be shown in the equation D x LC= C.
-  There are 4 standards of reading that need to be learned in order: Print concept, phonological awareness, phonics & word recognition, and fluency.
- The English language has 44 sounds but only 26 letters.

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The science of reading is extremely important to understanding the English language. It offers a look into how the English language works with all of its sounds, letters and words. There is a heavy focus on how the brain works and how we see and comprehend different aspects of the English language.

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- Morphological awareness (phonemic awareness) is understanding that words are made up of individual parts
- These parts are called phonemes, they are the smallest unit of sound
- Phonemic awareness also includes being aware of individual speech sounds and being able to consciously manipulate sounds

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Phonological awareness is extremely important because it is the foundation of being able to read, write and speak words. This is crucial to help young students understand because oftentimes, if they are struggling to read, phonological awareness is one of the missing pieces. It is extremely important to be able to break words into sounds.

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Phonological awareness is an individual's ability to recognize as well as manipulate parts of sentences and words. Phonological awareness is an extremely important indicator of reading ability. Knowledge of letter names, letter sounds and letter shapes is essential and supports a persons ability to develop their phonological awareness.

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Phonological awareness is extremely important as it affects students' achievement in phonemic awareness, reading and spelling. Explicit instruction is crucial in teaching phonological awareness. Without phonological awareness, students will not be able to effectively understand phonemic awareness, words in sentences, or syllables.

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Phonics is matching the spoken sounds of the English language with either individual or groups of letters. For learning readers, it is extremely important to learn this relationship. An understanding of phonics will help learning readers blend words together using their knowledge of symbols and sounds and in turn, help them decode unfamiliar words.

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Phonics instruction is a crucial element in helping young learners read. The strategies learned through the teaching of phonics will help readers better understand the relationship between letter(s) and sound and ultimately help them decode words they may not recognize. Explicit instruction is one of the best and most effective ways to help emergent readers learn phonics.

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Morphological awareness means to be able to explicitly think about the smallest units in our language (morphemes). It is important to understand how these units come together to form the meaning of words. Teaching morphology provides a lot of benefits for students such as decoding, spelling, vocabulary, fluency and more.

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Morphological awareness is very important as it helps us see how morphemes come together to create the meaning of a word. Since our language is morphophonological, it is crucial to have an understanding about how sounds and meaning combine to create our language. Teaching morphology is proven to have many benefits in the classroom.