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Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices of Sudanese Culture.

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Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices of Sudanese Culture.

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Human societies knew about traditional medicine long before the year BC, and generations of highly skilled practitioners have carried it on. The practitioners used plants, herbs, and a few spiritual practices. (Mariod et al., 2023). One of the widely utilized traditional medicines for a variety of illnesses in Sudan's rural areas is khaya senegalensis. This plant possesses anthelmintic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrheal properties.(Kuhnert & Karar, 2017). In addition, the ancient Sudanese used scarification, wrapped squash over their intestines to reduce inflammation, and stitched war wounds with horsehair. They healed fractures and bleeding wounds, performed circumcisions, and used heat therapy and cupping to prevent disease. (Mariod et al., 2023).

Kuhnert, N., & Karar, M. E. (2017). Herbal drugs from Sudan: Traditional uses and phytoconstituents. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 11(22), 83. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_15_15

MARIOD, A., ELRASHEED, H., & AGAB, M. A. (2023). History of traditional medicine practices in sudan: review. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research. https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1200069

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I understand that it is essential to understand the experiences of refugees, especially trauma and PTSD to give effective care. I believe that acknowledging these experiences is essential to providing effective and compassionate care. For example, incorporating trauma-informed therapy would require me to adjust my assessments and treatments to account for past experiences. This builds trust and enhances patient results. I promise to continue providing care that is grounded in my understanding of trauma and PTSD and complies with best practices for trauma-informed care. I plan to seek additional information in order to enhance my ability to provide compassionate, trauma-sensitive healthcare.(Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds, 2024).

Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. (2024). Murdoch.edu.au. https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/4119639/mod_resource/content/3/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination are essential for Sudanese refugees' health welfare in Australia. Social inclusion provides equal access to healthcare, education, and work possibilities, thereby improving their general health. This access eases stress and promotes mental health. (WHO,2020). On the other hand, discrimination and social isolation can worsen mental health conditions, raise stress levels, and restrict access to essential medical care.(Williams et al., 2019). Discriminatory actions can cause refugees to feel isolated, which makes it more difficult for them to adapt and prosper in their new surroundings. Ensuring social inclusion promotes better health outcomes and easier absorption into Australian society by mitigating these negative impacts. (Ziersch et al., 2020).

Ziersch, A., Due, C., & Walsh, M. (2020). Discrimination: a health hazard for people from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds resettled in Australia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8068-3

World Health Organization. (2020). Social Determinants of Health: Social Inclusion and Non-Discrimination.

Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., Davis, B. A., & Vu, C. (2019). Understanding how discrimination can affect health. Health Services Research, 54(S2), 1374–1388. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13222

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Given the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in their home country, Sudanese immigrants arriving in Australia often have this illness.(Badawi et al., 2024b). A persistent cough, fever, and weight loss are among of the signs of tuberculosis (TB), a dangerous infectious disease that mostly affects the lungs (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2023). A thorough course of treatment combining several antibiotics is advised by the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide are the usual treatments, which are administered over a six-month period (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2023). In order to effectively fight the infection and stop the establishment of drug-resistant strains, adherence to this treatment is essential.

Australian refugee health» primary care for people of refugee backgrounds. (2023). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

Badawi, M. M., SalahEldin, M. A., Idris, A. B., Idris, E. B., & Mohamed, S. G. (2024b). Tuberculosis in sudan: Systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-02865-6

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In Sudan, Islam is the most common religion, with 95.3% of the population practicing it. The majority of Sudanese people practice Sunni Islam. (WorldAtlas, 2016). Islam maintains that there can be no mediators between a person and God because it is a monotheistic religion. That being said, Sudanese Islam incorporates a belief in spirits as causes of disease or other illnesses and in mystical means of curing them.(Wikipedia Contributors, 2019). The South Sudanese people have held a profound belief in the spiritual and paranormal world. Although this has greatly decreased after the arrival of Christianity, some communities still adhere to it. Practices connected to animist beliefs typically include making offerings to spirits, ancestors, or deities.(Evason, 2018).

Evason, N. (2018). South sudanese culture - religion. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/south-sudanese-culture/south-sudanese-culture-religion

WorldAtlas. (2016, November 14). Religious beliefs in sudan. WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-sudan.html

Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, December 30). Religion in sudan. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan

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Arabic is the official language of Sudan, where it serves in government and education.(Fusaic, 2020) The predominant dialect of Arabic spoken in Sudan is Sudanese Arabic. .In business and higher education in particular, English is used as a secondary official language.(Queensland Health Multicultural Services, 2011b). The Nubian languages (Nobiin and Kenuzi-Dongola), Beja in the east, Fur in Darfur, and Zaghawa, also in Darfur, are among the indigenous languages spoken throughout the nation, making it multilingual.(WorldAtlas, 2017). Various Central Sudanic languages and Misseriya in the west are examples of additional languages. Due to the country's vast cultural diversity, a large number of Sudanese people speak Arabic, English, and one or more indigenous languages.(WorldAtlas, 2017)

Fusaic, A. (2020). Al fusaic. Al Fusaic. https://www.alfusaic.net/countries-101/sudan

WorldAtlas. (2017, July 26). What languages are spoken in sudan? WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html

Queensland Health Multicultural Services. (2011a). Community profiles for health care providers - sudanese profile. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/157378/sudanese2011.pdf

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Located in eastern Sudan, Meroë is a historic city and a key hub of the Kingdom of Kush. Built between 300 BC and 350 AD, its towering pyramids are its most well-known feature. (Wikipedia Contributors, 2022).The kings and queens of the Meroitic dynasty were buried here as well. With more than 200 pyramids arranged among three major necropolises, Meroë boasts the biggest pyramid collection south of Egypt. Unlike their Egyptian predecessors, the pyramids have smaller bases and steeper angles, giving them a distinctive architectural character. They are covered with lively paintings and symbols that narrate the tales of the buried kings and queens.(admin, 2023)

admin. (2023, March 23). Best historical destinations in sudan. Far Horizons. https://www.farhorizons.com/best-historical-destinations-in-sudan/

Wikipedia Contributors. (2022, March 26). Pyramids of meroë. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramids_of_Mero%C3%AB