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Muhammad Rizky ( 26 )

Rosita Cahya Nasruka ( 32 )

Suci Rahmawati ( 33 )

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Machu Picchu is a famous symbol of the Incan Empire history. It is also well known as the lost Incan city. It was built in 1450 but a hundred years later it was abandoned after the Spanish came and conquered the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is a city built with the polished stone. It is located in Cusco, Peru, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest with an extraordinarily beautiful panorama. Machu Picchu served several functions when it was built including as a defensive fortress, a retreat for the Inca Emperor and his family, and a site for Inca rituals. The main building is Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and Room of the Three Windows, which are called the Sacred District. Initially, the city was a fortress and then transformed into the capital of the Incas. Machu Picchu means Old Mountain. The city stands about 3 thousands meters above sea-level, among the high mountains. Though it takes long time to reach the place, the dazzling panorama is very worth it.

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Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

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The social function of descriptive text is to describe a specific person, place, thing, or animal in detail.

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Identification :

This is the introductory part of the text that provides a general overview of the topic. It introduces the person, place, or object that is being described.

Description :

This part provides details about the person, place, or object that is being described. It includes specific characteristics, such as physical appearance, traits, and other details.

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It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District in Peru, above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472).

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A. Identification

Name : Machu Picchu

Location : Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District in Peru, above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometres norhwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows.

Definition : Machu Picchu is a famous symbol of the Incan Empire history. It is also well known as the lost Incan city. It was built in 1450 but a hundred years later it was abandoned after the Spanish came and conquered the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is a city built with the polished stone.

B. Descriptions

1. History : Machu Picchu was previously believed (by Richard L. Burger, professor of anthropology at Yale University) to have been built in the 1450s. However, a 2021 study led by Burger used radiocarbon dating (specifically, AMS) to reveal that Machu Picchu may have been occupied from around 1420 to 1530 AD. Construction appears to date from two great Inca rulers, Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui (1438–1471) and Túpac Inca Yupanqui (1472–1493).

A consensus among archaeologists is that Pachacutec ordered the construction of the royal estate for his use as a retreat, most likely after a successful military campaign. Although Machu Picchu is considered to be a "royal" estate, it would not have been passed down in the line of succession. Rather it was used for 80 years before being abandoned, seemingly because of the Spanish conquests in other parts of the Inca Empire. It is possible that most of its inhabitants died from smallpox introduced by travelers before the Spanish conquistadors even arrived in the area.

2. Material : Machu Picchu is a city built with the polished stone.

3. Architect : Machu Picchu was built along with the entire urban area of Machu Picchu around 1450 AD on the orders of the emperor Pachacutec (1418 – 1471 AD).

4. Function : functions when it was built including as a defensive fortress, a retreat for the Inca Emperor and his family, and a site for Inca rituals.

5. Part of the building : the Temple of the Sun, the Temple of the Three Windows, and the Intihuatana.