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Prior to the creation of the abolition movement, the president at the time, Andrew Jackson, created the Indian Removal Act, which was a law that forced Native American tribes to move to lands west of the Mississippi River. This harsh law planted the seed to discrimination and injustices towards people of color in later years. With the nation expanding south and west, the land was opening up, which meant that the white settlers wanted more people to work on this open land, which ultimately caused slavery to become more popularized. Jackson's rise to power also caused the reorientation of political party ideology. A new political party formed known as the Whigs, who were strongly against Andrew Jackson which this caused sectionalism among his supporters. One of the groups that Jackson supported in particular was the "common man" of the South. The "common man" in the South were typically small-scale, white farmers who lived in rural areas. These individuals were part of the working class and they were rapidly gaining support from the government during this time period. The people who supported slavery and were slave owners that were eager to expand west were now rewarded with government-based jobs from Jackson's new spoils system. After he rose to power, his party grew exponentially, as well as the division of slavery caused by the Missouri Compromise in 1820.

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Harriet Tubman went back to the south over nineteen times to help slaves escape 

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The abolitionist movement fought for the end of slavery and changed the lives of many different groups of people in the US from the 1820s to 1870. For enslaved African Americans, the movement gave them hope and ways to escape for freedom like the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman risked her life guiding others to safety, while leaders like Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth spoke out against slavery, using their real life experiences to show the world its cruelty.  Even in the north, free black people faced discrimination and limits on their rights. As Douglass said in his famous Fourth of July speech, “This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.” His words made it clear that white Americans celebrated freedom while millions of Black Americans were still suffering. The purpose was to expose hypocrisy and criticize the nation's moral failings to show how they put money and effectience over a person's life. He is urging people to realize without solving this issue, it may lead to downfall of whole nation.

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The ratified amendment stating that slavery would be abolished from then on out. 

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The abolitionist movement was an organized effort to end slavery that emerged in the 1830s, the earlier years of the Jacksonian era. The movement focused on moral and social issues related to racism and slavery and fought for equality for all Americans. It gained momentum at a time of rising tensions due to the ongoing debates over slavery and was a fight for civil rights. The movement is most prominently known for The Emancipation Proclamation, which it helped to achieve by swaying public opinion and applying pressure to leaders. Many leaders pushed off addressing slavery head first, but as the war progressed and Douglass became more supportive, it became vital for them to do so. Douglass also repeatedly addressed President Abraham Lincoln, pushing him to address the issue. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all enslaved individuals in Confederate states in 1863, which fundamentally altered the Civil War by swaying the Union into a unified fight against the South to attempt to achieve abolition based on the people's morals and values. The abolitionist movement also helped to highlight the need to permanently ban slavery across America, leading to the creation of the 13th Amendment. They helped to get this passed the second time going through Congress through people like William Lloyd Garrison, publishing The Liberator, an influential abolitionist newspaper, and Frederick Douglass, publishing The North Star, which spread the word and got more people both against the government not banning it and who was involved with helping. Overall, the abolitionist movement was full of people who continuously engaged in several actions and efforts that directly contributed to the ratification of the 13th Amendment and other big stepping stones against slavery.

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Some of the white abolitionists who worked for the cause included William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stoew, and the Grimké sisters. They encouraged people to join the cause by writing books, making speeches, and publishing newspapers. Many people, especially children, were moved by Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which depicted the suffering of enslaved families. However, the idea was not welcomed in the south as many plantation owners saw it as a threat to their way of life. Many of the slaveholders were well-to-do and defended slavery as a “good” institution and supported stricter penalties for those who sought to abolish the system. Even the poor white Southerners, who had no slaves, followed slavery because they reasoned that it placed them above the Black people.

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Frederick Douglass speaking up on July 5, 1852

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In the North, people had mixed feelings. Some did not like slavery because they thought it was wrong, but others did not want freed enslaved people to take their jobs. At the same time, if city workers were upset, they might start riots that were anti-Black. The politicians were fighting to keep the country whole as the country’s tension over slavery built. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 were all meant to sooth the nation, but they only succeeded in doing so for a time. Abolitionists kept pushing leaders to act, and their pressure resulted in significant changes, such as Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 to end slavery.

Women also played an important role in the movement while facing sexism. Harriet Tubman risked everything to lead people to freedom just like other women who sacrificed because they say abolition connected to women's rights. Although many abolitionists men didn't take them seriously as leaders, these womens kept their strength and fought for justice. Women also impacted the children in free black communities and abolitionists families as they grew up with strong progressive values and would continue to fight for equality in the years after.

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During the election of 1867 as Black American men used their newfound rights from the 14th and 15th amendment to vote 

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The abolitionist movement was one of the most impactful social movements in america. It helped bring an end to slavery yet didn’t diminish racism or create true equality. Even after the thirteenth amendment, blacks continued to  face discrimination and segregation especially in the south. The fight wasn't over, but the movement became inspiring for future generations to keep fighting for equality.

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Page from George Fitzhugh's book titled, "Cannibals All! Or, Slaves Without Masters" published on 1857

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During this time period of abolition during the 1820’s to the 1870’s, there were many perspectives and reactions to this movement both positive and negative. For African Americans, this movement was a fight for equality and freedom of their lives. Many white people in Southern states heavily opposed this movement because slavery was a key part of their economy and lifestyle. They felt that it would change the social and economic aspects of their lives in a negative way, leading to economic disaster. In George Fitzhugh's book titled, Cannibals All! Or, Slaves Without Masters, he expresses his feelings towards slavery and argues that it is a more beneficial and humane system than the industrial capitalism in the North. He believes that African Americans are not suited for freedom, and they are better off as slaves. George Fitzhugh and this book reflect a Southern point of view towards abolition that harshly criticizes the Northerners ways of living (Fitzhugh).

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Abolitionist Wendell Phillips speaking in 1860s about abolition.

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During this time period of abolition during the 1820’s to 1870, there were many perspectives and reactions to this movement both positive and negative. For African Americans, this movement was a fight for equality and freedom of their lives. Many white people in southern states heavily opposed this movement because slavery was a key part of their economy and lifestyle. Considering they relied so heavily on slave labor, they felt that an abolishment of slavery would change the social and economic aspects of their lives in a negative way, leading to economic disaster. In George Fitzhugh's book titled, "Cannibals All! Or, Slaves Without Masters", he expresses his feelings towards slavery and argues that it is a more beneficial and humane system than the industrial capitalism in the North. He believes that African Americans are not suited for freedom, and they are better off as slaves. George Fitzhugh and this book reflect a Southern point of view towards abolition that harshly criticizes the Northerners' ways of living (Fitzhugh).

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Immigrants from Ireland coming to the United States 1845.

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Due to the potato famine in Ireland in the 1840s, many Irish immigrants had mixed feelings about abolition because they felt it could bring competition to job availability. This led them to typically being against abolition because they were worried that if enslaved people became free, they would have a harder time finding job opportunities and gaining success in the United States. To add on, the political views of Irish immigrants and abolitionists did not align, leading to disagreements with one another. On the other hand, German immigrants were more sympathetic about ending slavery because they were escaping political instability. This led them to have progressive views that valued equality and freedom, which aligned them with the abolitionist movement. African immigrants who escaped the Caribbean were supporters of abolition and had empathy for slaves in the United States. This is because they were aware of the horrors that slaves faced and advocated for their freedom. Some immigrant groups from the Caribbean took part in the slave uprisings and were extremely eager to voice their opinions on abolition.

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Industrial revolution in the North in the 1820s-1870s.

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Economic factors had large impacts in shaping perspectives on abolition. The South's economy relied heavily on slavery, causing them to be against abolition. Slavery provided cheap labor which allowed for the South's agriculture to flourish. This caused the South to be strongly opposed to abolition because they feared it would ruin their economy and damage their way of life. In the North on the other hand, their economy was based on wage labor and industrialization. They did not use slaves, as they believed it was inefficient and inhumane, so they were supportive of abolition. To add on, Northerners believed in equal labor rights because they felt free workers were more motivated and could contribute more to the growing industrial economy.

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Celebration of abolition of slavery at Washington DC

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The abolition movement that developed throughout the 1800s significantly impacted the United States identity considering historical and current implications. The movement advocated for freedom of those enslaved and equality. With numerous abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and Sojourner Truth just to name a few brought people together in both the north and south to find a way past the cruelty of slavery. Although some in the US were thrilled with expanding land, it ultimately brought detrimental effects to the lives of enslaved people. More land meant an expansion of slavery which abolitionists were determined to fight against. For example, the Underground Railroad was a system of safe houses and communications to guide enslaved people to safety and freedom. During the antebellum period, about 100,000 slaves were able to reach safety which over the years brought a shift in social, political, and economic views. In 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery which was a significant step towards equality for African Americans. Also, the fight against slavery inevitably disrupted the southern economy considering they relied so heavily on the slave system.

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Images of six leaders of the movement, Harriet Tubman, Mary Mcleod Bethune, Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Ida B. Wells Barnett, and David Walker. 

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Brief overview of some important people to this movement? 

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Brief overview of some important people to this movement? 

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People like Frederick Douglass, who escaped from slavery and founded and edited the newspaper The North Star. Fredrick gave the powerful speech entitled, ¨What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?¨which was a speech he used to show people how enslaved people and formerly enslaved people did not experience the same freedom and independence the rest of America got to enjoy. Douglass emphasizes the hypocrisy encompassing celebrations that surrounded America's independence, the fact that there was a national holiday that completely disregarded the independence of 30-50% of the south (1850 Census: Compendium of the Seventh Census). He used it to spread awareness of the torture enslaved people endured and built tensions against slavery and those in support of slavery. (Douglass). William Lloyd Garrison founded the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, in 1831 and the American Anti-slavery Society, along with fighting for women's rights, creating a huge impact through the large groups of people he united against slavery. Harriet Tubman is mainly known for escaping slavery, becoming the main conductor of the Underground Railroad, and saving dozens of lives. David Walker Published David Walker's appeal to the colored citizens of the world in 1829, which eventually called for the immediate abolition of slavery. All of whom played vital roles in advocating for the abolition of slavery.

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The Black Lives Matter response to police brutality, racism, and prejudice that they experience.

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In modern times, we still see advocates for equality among the black and minority communities. For example, in recent years, the Black Lives Matter, a social group that stands up against racism and anti-Black violence, specifically focusing on police brutality took a stance. On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year old black American man was in Minneapolis when he experienced police brutality and was murdered by Derek Chauvin, a 44-year-old white police officer. Those in the Black Lives Matter community fought against police brutality after the tragic death of George Floyd who was unfortunately stereotyped and experienced extreme discrimination leading to his death. The police brutality that George Floyd experienced and the Black Lives Matter movement highlight the discrimination and prejudice that people of color deal with today. Even though the issue of slavery was abolished so long ago (1865), there is still racism seen in today’s world. George Floyd was accused of using counterfeit money which ultimately resulted in a tragic death. The white police officer had a biased mindset leading him to treat George Floyd in such a negative way (Silverstein). During the abolitionist movement, abolitionists in the North and South were fed up with the poor treatment of slaves and worked together for improvements. During the Black Lives Matter, people came together and peacefully protested and marched in Washington DC against prejudice and racism. Relating this current situation to the antebellum period, a difference between the government in the 1820s to 1870 and the government now is that the government is now able to communicate more with advocates for equality. Another difference and modern day connection is that abolitionists during the 1820s-1870 were forced to operate the Underground Railroad in secret, however, in modern day, those of the Black Lives Matter community felt comfortable to take a stance and wish for Biden to use his pardon power to forgive any federal charges during peaceful protests against racism and discrimination. In 2020, over 300 protesters experienced federal charges due to their fight and stance against police brutality. Trump utilized his power "target dissent, silence movements, and criminalize those fighting for justice"("Black Lives Matter Demands Biden Use Pardon Power to Protect Protesters Before Trump Takes Office"). During the abolitionist movement, the government was out of touch with society, but now the government is at least able to try and make change. Although the significance of the abolitionist movement brought many improvements, segregation and prejudice continued in later years especially in the south, and unfortunately, the black community still experiences racism and prejudice in society today.

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During the antebellum period, the Underground Railroad was a way that people would communicate with each other and network to ultimately reach freedom. Numerous letters were written that came from those directly involved in the Underground Railroad and those who are using this network to gain freedom and reunite with family. These point of views focus on safety, strategy, and ultimately reaching individual freedom. In several letters written by those enslaved or those recently freed, those advocating for the abolition of slavery addressed William Still, a conductor of the Underground Railroad. The letters highlight the need for confidentiality, secrecy, and strategic and safe delivery of anything to make sure that they can help and save the most amount of enslaved people as possible. Communication was key during the Underground Railroad in order for those running it to be successful. From numerous perspectives during the abolition movement from 1855 to 1856, John C. Bustill reflects a more organized and strategic view of the Underground Railroad, John H. Hill(Fugitive Aid Society) presents a sense of urgency when working to save those enslaved, G.S. Nelson feels a sense of hope considering he received a package from others operating the Underground Railroad, Jefferson Pipkins seeks to reunite with her family, James Loguen is very grateful for the help received from the Underground Railroad(“Stories from the Underground Railroad, 1855-1856”). Overall, it can be seen that abolitionists all over the United States worked together to gain support and eventual freedom.