# data[].attributes.body
They reached North America but did not establish permanent settlements.

# data[].attributes.body
Christopher Columbus arrived to what he named San Salvador.

Christopher Columbus had intended to find a new way from Spain to Asia, so as to open up a shorter trade between the two contries.

# data[].attributes.body
Sailors arrived to Virginia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Jamestown Colony: Founded, Economy, Map, and Facts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Found on Google from studentsofhistory.com

# data[].attributes.body
The sailors named the river James, in honor of James I, king of England. They began cutting down bushes and trees and building shelters. They named their group of huts "Jamestown"

# data[].attributes.body
Hernán Cortes: Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico.

# data[].attributes.body
The settlers had been sent to Jamestowns by a group of rich London investors. These investors formed the Virginia Company's in order to set up colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America. The investors paid the costs of its expeditions and in return were given profits. The Jamestown settlers were employees of this company and they were expected to find pearls, silver or other products.

# data[].attributes.body
Francisco Pizarro: Overthrew the Incas in Peru.

# data[].attributes.body
This country became the dominant colonial power in the Americas, extracting gold and silver.

# data[].attributes.body
Between 1539 and 1543 Hernando de Soto

and Francisco Coronado worked separately exploring the southern part of the United States

# data[].attributes.body
The English established colonies along the Atlantic coast.

# data[].attributes.body
About 50000 years before Christopher Columbus' arival, first Ameridians were settling in the North of America.

During the earth's latest Ice Age "native americans" came to the continent throught the Bering Strait (from Asia to America).

# data[].attributes.body
Of the 500 colonies living in the settlement, only 60 were still alive. This was called as "the starving time". Yet new settlers continued to arrive. The Company gatheres homeless children from the streets of London. Also, a lot of Virginia emigrants decided to go since in England was a time of hunger and suffering. Some English people thought that it was worth risking the possibility of going to Virginia to escape from their home. Virginia was full of land so there, everyone could own a farm.

# data[].attributes.body
In the 1960s archaeologists uncovered traces of Viking settlements in both Newfoundland and New England

# data[].attributes.body
A stream of looted treasure began to flow across the Atlantic to Spain.

# data[].attributes.body
There was a plant that an America visitor brought it called tobbaco. Its popularity grew inmediately. In Virginia a settler named John Rolfe discovered how to dry the leaves to make them milder. In 1613 Rolfe shipped the first load of Virginia tobbaco to England. London merchants paid high prices because of its high quality. They even used it as money so the possibility of becoming rich by growing tobacco brought wealthy.

Most of the workers on these plantations were "indentured servants". They promised to work for an employer for an agreed number of years. At the end they became free to work for themselves.

# data[].attributes.body
Virginia's affairs had been controlled by governors. Now the Company allowed a body called the House of Burgesses to be set up. The Burgesses were elected representatives from the various small settlements along Virginia's rivers. They met to advise the governor on the laws the colony needed.

# data[].attributes.body
A smal Dutch warship arrived at Jamestown. There were 20 captured black Africans. The ship's captain sold them to the setlers as indentured servats. The blacks were set to work in the tobacco fields. They were slaves

# data[].attributes.body
De Soto discovered the Mississippi River

Coronado traveled north searching for the "Seven Cities of Gold"

# data[].attributes.body
The Virginia Company never made a profit and by 1624 it had run put of money. The English government put an end to the Company and made itself responsible for the colonists

# data[].attributes.body
For many centuries early Amerindians lived as wondering hunters and gatherers of food.

Then, after people living in highland areas (now Maxico) found a wild grass with tiny etable seads, the first farmers apeared. They cultivated Indian corn (maize), grew and ate beans, squash and peppers.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1497 King Henry VII of Egland hired an Italian seaman named John Cabot to explore the new lands and to look again for a passage to Asia

# data[].attributes.body
Sir Walter Raleigh had sent ships to find land in the New World. He named the land Viginia, in honor of Elizabeth, England's unmarried Queen. In 1585 English settler landed on Roanoke Islands. They built houses and a fort and searched for gold. But they ran out of food and made enemies of the Amerindian inhabitants. In 1587 Raleigh tried again to go to Virginia and there, was born the first English child in America. Unfortunately, years later they found the settlement deserted. They were never seen, or heard of, again.

# data[].attributes.body
The French also sent explorers to North America. In 1524 the King Francis I, sent an Italian sailor named Giovanni Verrazano for the same purpose as Columbus and Cabot, to find lands rich in gold and a new sea route to Asia

# data[].attributes.body
Roger Williams, a Puritan minister in a settlement called Salem, objected particularly to the fact that the same men controlled both the church and the government. Williams believed that church and state should be separate and that neither should interfere with the other. Williams' repeated criticisms made the Massachusetts leaders angry. In 1535 they sent men to arrest him, but Williams escaped and went south where he was joined by other disconected people from

Massachusetts. On the shores of Narragansett Bay, Williams and his followers set up a new colony called Rhode Island. Rhode Island promised its citizens complete religious freedom and separation of church and state. To this day these ideas are still very important to Americans.

# data[].attributes.body
"The Pueblo"

Life style: farmers.

Living: Lived in villages or towns.

Dressing: clothes and blanckets made out of cotton, boor-shaped leather moccasins.

Food: hey grew crops of maize and beans

Others: they built canals and ditches to irrigate.

"The Apache"

Neighours of The Pueblo.

Life style: They never became settled farmers, they were wanderers.

Food: deers, wild plants, nuts and roots. Or raided and stolen food from their neighbours.

"The Iroquis"

A group of tribes (a nation). Settled in the notheastern thick woods of North America.

Life style: farmers, hunters and fishers.

Food: they grew beans, squash and twelve different variaties of maize.

Living: they built their own canoes tofish and their wooden huts with barrel-shaped roofs in their villages.

Others: they were strong warriors.

"The Dakota or Sioux"

They lived in thw west, on the vast plains of grass

that stretched from the Mississippi River to the

Rocky Mountains.

Lifestyle: wanderers, along with the buffalos.

Food, shelter and dresing: buffalo.

Living: the carried their tepees, the conical buffalo-skin

tents that were their homes.

"The Haida"

They lived in the northwest coast of North America.

Lifestyle: fishers, reliant on the sea, especially salmon.

Food, shelter, and art: resources from the forest and ocean.

Living: wooden houses with totem poles reflecting their stories.

# data[].attributes.body
When James I became King of England in 1603, he warned the Puritans that he would drive them from the land if they did not accept his ideas on religion.

His bishops began fining the Puritans and putting them in prison. To escape this persecution, a small group of them left England and went to Holland.

# data[].attributes.body
The Puritans never felt at home in Holland, so after much thought they decided to move again. This time, they moved to America. But first they returned briefiy to England, where they persuaded the Virginia Company to allow them to settle in the northern parts of its American lands. They left on September 16, 1620.

# data[].attributes.body
Every year on the fourth Thursday in November Americans celebrate a holiday called Thanks-giving. The first people to celebrate this were the Pilgrims. In November 1621 they sat down to eat together and to give thanks to God for

enabling them to survive the hardships of their first year in America.

The Pilgrims were joined at their feast by local Amerindians: the Wampanoag and Pecquamid people had shared corn with

the Pilgrims and shown them the best places to fish. They also gave them seed corn and had shown them how to plant them. Without them there would have been no Thanksgiving.

# data[].attributes.body
Early in the XVI century a German monk named Martin Luther claimed that individual human beings did not need the Pope or the priests of the Catholic Church to enable them to speak to God. A few years later, John Calvin put forward similar ideas: Calvin claimed that each individual was directly and personally responsible to God. Because they protested against the teachings and customs of the Catholic Church, religious reformers such as them were called "Protestans".

# data[].attributes.body
In the later years of the sixteenth century many English people believed that this Church of England (a national church with the King Henry VIII as its head) was still too much like the Catholic Church. They disliked the power of its bishops, its elaborate ceremonies and the rich decorarions of its churches. They wanted the church of England to be more plain and simple, or "pure". Because of this they were called Puritans.

# data[].attributes.body
Other English Puritans followed the Pilgrims to America. Ten years later a much larger group of almost a thousand colonists settled nearby in what became the Boston area. These people left England to escape the rule of a new king: Charles I, who was even less tolerant than his father James had been of people who disagreed with his policies in religion and

government.

# data[].attributes.body
Many years later in 1691, it combined with the Plymouth colony under the name of Massachusetts.

# data[].attributes.body
By the end of the seventeenth century a string of English colonies stretched along the east coast of North America. More or less in the middle was Pennsylvania, founded in 1681 by William Penn.

# data[].attributes.body
New York had previously been called "New Amsterdam". It had first been settled in 1626. In 1664 the English captured it from the Dutch and re-named it New York.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1670, the English founded the new colonies of North and South

Carolina. The last English colony to be founded in North America was Georgia. settled 1733.

# data[].attributes.body
By the year 1733 the English owned thirteen separated colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America. Each group had its own way of life and character.

# data[].attributes.body
In the far north was the New England group, centered on Massachusetts. Since the time of the Pilgrims, the people of New England had spread inland and along the coast. Most were small farmers or craftsmen, working the stony soil and governing them selves in small towns and villages.

# data[].attributes.body
The nearest colonies to the south of New England were called the Middle Colonies. The biggest were New York and Pennsylvania. As in New England, most of their people lived by farming, but in the cities of New York and Philadelphia there were growing numbers of craftsmen and merchants.

The people who lived here was usually more tolerant of religious and other differences than the New Englanders.

# data[].attributes.body
The Carolinas and Georgia formed the third group. In their hot and fertile river valleys wealthy landowners farmed large

plantations. They lived in fine houses from where they could look out over their fields of tobacco or cotton.

Most of the work in the fields was done by black slaves. But the prosperity of the plantation-owning southerners was already beginning to depend upon it.

# data[].attributes.body
During the fifty years after 1733, settlers moved deeper into the center of the continent. land. As they traveled inland

they passed fewer and fewer farms and villages. At last there were none at all. This area where European settlement came to an end and the forest homelands of the Amerindians began, was called the frontier.

The people of the frontier communities had to rely upon themselves for almost

everythng they needed. Here's where a strong belief that individuals had to help themselves and a need for them to cooperate with one another strengthened

the feeling that people were equal and that nobody should have special rights and privileges.

# data[].attributes.body
Ten years later a fisherman named Jacques Cartier, discovered the St. Lawrence River. The next year he sailed further up the river, reaching the site of the present-day city of Montreal. He gave France a claim to what would later become Canada.

# data[].attributes.body
Europeans could only do this by establishing settlements of their own people