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Spanking and Child Development: We Know Enough Now To Stop Hitting Our Children

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Spanking remains a common, if controversial, childrearing practice in the United States. In this article, I pair mounting research indicating that spanking is both ineffective and harmful with professional and human rights opinions disavowing the…

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Physical discipline is slowly declining as some studies reveal lasting harms for children.

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These links generally provide the same information about how the short-term effects of spanking are harmful psychologically and physiologically. The long-term effects include increased aggression, mental health problems, lower academic performance, or a damaged parent- child relationship. They also mention that you should avoid other hostile disciplines such as verbal abuse, unfair rules, and ignoring positive behaviors. Some alternatives you could try are positive reinforcement, redirecting behavior, offering choices, and problem-solving.