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Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol [Black God, White Devil] (1964)

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This represents thee moment of revolt—desperation born from exploitation.

Major themes of desperation from exploitation throughout the film

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The endless cycle—escape, survival, no resolution is. amjor symbol throughout the film

"There is no heaven in the sertão. Only dust."

Poses the question if Rosa and Manoel will ever break that cycle

Warns against the larger implicaitons of falling into a cult following blindly

Warns against political leaders and religiosity and violence

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A major thematic scene as it represents the allure of religious salvation and messianic delusion.

Sebastião presents himself as a holy man, a spiritual guide for the oppressed—but ultimately, he's a manipulative figure, promising divine justice while leading people into destruction.

This represents Rocha’s critique of blind faith: the poor turn to religion for answers, only to be further exploited by those who claim to speak for God.

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Rosa is often sidelined in discussions, but her actions—especially killing Sebastião—are moments of true clarity and moral resistance.

She’s not a blind follower; she watches, she endures, and when necessary, she takes control.

This introduces a counterpoint to the male-dominated narrative—Rosa becomes a symbol of grounded, human morality in a world ruled by fanaticism and violence.

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 Violent Rebellion & Failed Political Salvation

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Corisco, the flamboyant bandit, represents the devil in Rocha’s title—but also the promise of earthly justice through violence. He’s chaotic, proud, and deadly.

His followers offer Manoel a new form of salvation: revolution through bloodshed, rejecting both the state and religious authority.

Bandoliers, rifles, leather hats, and the symbol of the cangaceiro—dusty, dramatic, and seductive are all symbolif motifs to the film

Through these themes and he is either see by the viewer as half-savior, half-madman.

Political violence becomes its own tyranny, another false path for the oppressed.

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Symbolism: The “hero” as executioner; justice as another weapon of the system.

"Kill for peace. Die for justice."

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The sertão, the Brazilian backlands, is not just a backdrop—it’s a character. The cracked, dry earth and relentless sun represent the inhospitable environment that shapes the lives of the poor.

Visually, this symbolizes desperation and futility—you can’t farm, you can’t survive. This environmental pressure is one of the core forces driving Manoel's and Rosa’s decisions.

emphasizies that everything in this world is touched by suffering.