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No signal will be sent.

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Making postural changes to maintain balance requires the cerebellum. It modifies instructions to motor neurons to account for changes in body posture or changes in the load placed on muscles through its input from vestibular receptors and proprioceptors.

It happens when the surfer adjusts his posture or surfing stance to maintain balance and compensate for the intensity of the waves.

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance, fine motor control, and the ability to recognize the posture of the limbs.

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The vestibular nerve is one of two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carry information about motion and position.

The vestibular nerve's primary function is to convert vestibular information (related to balance) into an egocentric frame of reference based on the position of the head in relation to the body

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The part of the body, specifically the part of the ear, responsible for maintaining balance is the inner ear.

Inside the inner ear are the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The vestibular membrane is located inside the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

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Macula are single patches of sensory cells located in the inner surface  of the two membranous inner surfaces (saccule and utricle), which monitor the position of the head relative to the vertical.

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The cerebral cortex appears to play a direct role in regulating rapid balance reflexes while also preprogramming the central nervous system to optimize balance recovery reactions even in the event of an unanticipated threat to stability in the future.

This is the basis for the surfer's capacity to avoid falling, to regulate rapid balance reactions, and to be prepared for unanticipated board instability.

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A gel-like structure on the stereocilia.

The flow of endolymph displaces the cupula, which causes the hairs to bend beneath it and cause nerve activation.

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Surfing is a dynamic activity that takes place in a highly unstable and changeable environment, therefore "balance" is essential for surfers. Without strong balance, rising up and staying upright on the surfboard will be exceedingly tough.

It involves riding the waves of the sea or ocean with the use of a surfboard.

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A signal or nerve impulse will be sent and an action potential will be generated.

Mechanical signals are transformed into electrical signals.

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These are fibrous tissues in the otolithic organs that are essential for how the brain interprets equilibrium.

In addition to measuring the linear acceleration of the body, the membrane also determines whether the head or the body is tilted.

It is a gelatinous membrane on top of the microvilli that contributes to the bending of the microvilli that signals impulses.

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Numerous essential aspects of life, including breathing, awareness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep, are controlled by it. Numerous important clusters of white and gray matter may be found in the brainstem. The brainstem's gray matter is made up of nerve cell bodies and contributes to the formation of several significant brainstem nuclei.

In humans, the midbrain (mesencephalon), the pons (metencephalon), and the medulla oblongata make up the three regions of the brainstem (myelencephalon).

The brainstem sends messages to the whole body when a surfer loses their balance.

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If the bending of the stereocilia causes a fluctuation or change in the concentration or change of the cells, depolarization occurs.

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Hair cells with cilia embedded with cupula which makes up the crista ampullaris.

These structures are mirror images in both ears, the tallest stereocilia are located in opposite sides.

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The utricle is a tiny membrane sac that, together with the saccule, is located within the vestibule of the inner ear. It is crucial in orientation and static balancing, especially in horizontal tilt.

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As a motor output, the eyes remain stable or directed to the opposite direction as the movement of the head to maintain a good vision of the surroundings or to something in front of the person.

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The vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth paired cranial nerve. It is made up of two parts: vestibular fibers and cochlear fibers, both of which provide only sensory functions. It transmits from the inner ear to the brain the particular senses of hearing (through the cochlear nerve) and balance (by the vestibular nerve).

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Motorneurons carry motor impulses, which conduct the signals from the CNS, the body's integration center, to carry out the body's reactions to environmental stimuli.

Motor impulses are delivered to the muscles to stabilize the body when movements around the body occur to maintain balance.

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These organs in the vestibule are responsible for perceiving the changes in head positions, linear movements and sensing gravity.

It detects sensory information of static equilibrium.

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Head rotation causes a PUSH or PULL in the cupula, bending the stereocilia in one direction.

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The endolymph is a fluid that fills the semicircular canals which plays a major role in perceiving the movement of the head.

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Calcium carbonate crystals on top of the otolithic membrane.

It is referred to as the “ear rocks”.

They add weight to the cilia which allows the detection of movement related to gravity.

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Through the descending tracts of the spinal cord the motor neuron will travel to the motor units of the body to maintain balance.

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A part of the inner ear which connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea.

It is where the otolithic organs are located.

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The bending of the stereocilia will generate nerve impulses that will be sent to the brain for integration.

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Cilia: short eyelash-like filament; Signal transduction mediators throughout development In brain development, signaling pathways such as planar cell polarity entail the operation of both motile and primary cilia.

Microvilli: finger-like membrane protrusions; with their highly curved membranes, dynamic lymphocyte microvilli play a vital role in signal transduction leading to immune responses.

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located in the hindbrain's medulla and pons

to maintain both balance and posture, to transmit both the perception of head position and acceleration, and, finally, to modulate muscle tone

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Bending towards the tallest cilium (kinocilium)

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These are ridges in the ampulla that consist of cupula, nerve fibers and hair bundles.

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The semicircular canals  are responsible for detecting rotational movements or dynamic equilibrium.

The semicircular canals have 3 tube-like structures in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes.

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An enlargement at the end of the semicircular canals.

A movement of the head pushes the endolymph toward the ampullae which causes the stereocilia to move.

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Inside the vestibular system is where the organs involved in maintaining balance are located.

Enables us to move smoothly, maintain balance while doing activities and stay upright when standing or sitting.

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Bending away from the tallest cilium (kinocilium)

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a complex sensation involving sensory input to the vestibular nucleus not only from the inner ear but also from the limbs (proprioception) and visual system as well.

the ability to maintain the center of mass of a human’s body over the base of support.

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Balance of the body is maintained as an effect of this series of neuronal pathways.

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The saccule is a tiny membrane sac that is part of the membranous labyrinth and, together with the utricle, is located within the vestibule of the inner ear and plays an essential role in orientation and balance, particularly in vertical tilt.

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The vestibular input, visual input, and proprioceptive inputs undergo comparison in the cerebral cortex to generate a reaction that will be sent to the motor units.

A sensory conflict or damaged nerve may cause false signals to be sent or received by the cerebral cortex.

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When depolarization occurs and the threshold is reached, an action potential will be sent to the brain through the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerves.

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Lisa is riding the waves on her surfboard. Proper stance and a low center of gravity keeps her upright on the board as the waves carry her towards the shore. The sense of balance is responsible for keeping Lisa upright on her surfboard. How is Lisa able to maintain balance or equilibrium?