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first graphic aids to marine navigation - 800 BCE

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first graphic aids to marine navigation - 800 BCE

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One of the earliest graphic aids when it comes to early marine navigation were light houses, however not the style of light houses as we know them today, they had a much different look, and weren't nearly as tall, and the light provided was kept on through one soul person's job which included having to transport coal and fuel to keep lights on.

https://hydrosphere.co.uk/history-marine-aids-navigation/

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During a siege on Alexandria, Julius Caesar burned his ships to the ground, however, unfortunately the fire ended up spreading to a part of the Library of Alexandria and ended up destroying a part of it.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Library-of-Alexandria/The-fate-of-the-Library-of-Alexandria

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It was at this point in time when the Vikings began landing beaching their ships onto other land in order to aggressively expand their land, which was commonplace for Vikings during the time.

https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/professions/education/the-viking-age-geography/the-vikings-in-the-west#:~:text=It%20was%20also%20around%20AD,%2C%20conquerors%2C%20settlers%20and%20kings.

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Henry the navigator died November 13th 1460. He was known for finding trade routed between continents which helped connect various groups of people, and set the stage for how we live in our modern world. His original expeditions set in process European colonization and the transatlantic slave trade.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/legacy-henry-navigator/

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on August 3rd 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail on a journey to find an all water route to Asia. After 2 months Columbus landed on an island in the Bahamas.

https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/columbus-reports-his-first-voyage-1493#:~:text=A%20Spotlight%20on%20a%20Primary%20Source%20by%20Christopher%20Columbus&text=On%20August%203%2C%201492%2C%20Columbus,the%20natives%20called%20it%20Guanahani.

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James Cook, while attempting to leave hawaii after a trip there, was unable to leave due to a storm. This however caused confusion among the Hawaiians and a conflict ensued which eventually ended with cook being killed by the native Hawaiians

https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-11916

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John Ross takes first deep-water sediment samples - 1818

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John Ross takes first deep-water sediment samples - 1818

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John Ross was aong the first people to address the isses that come with seep sea sampling, through the use of the HMS Beagle, Ross was able to obtain deep sea samples from 4.5 k meters deep.

https://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/oceans/spr_13/DSOs13supl07.html

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Departure of the United States Exploring Expedition - 1836 

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Departure of the United States Exploring Expedition - 1836 

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Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones appointed an expedition to survey the pacific ocean and the land surrounding it. Thousands of plant and animal species which at the time were unknown to science were found through this expedition.

https://library.si.edu/digital-library/collection/united-states-exploring-expedition#:~:text=During%20the%20United%20States%20Exploring,Pacific%20and%20the%20lands%20of

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Roald Amundsen first at the south pole - 1911

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Roald Amundsen first at the south pole - 1911

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On October of 1911, Amundsen and his team set out on being the first people to reach the south pole. During his time he was in a head to head race with Capitan Robert Falcon Scott, however due to Amundsen's superior planning and preparation skills, he reached the south pole and raised the Norwegian flag 3 weeks before Scott ever reached the pole.

https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/roald-amundsen-polar-explorer#:~:text=Roald%20Amundsen%20is%20one%20of,to%20reach%20the%20South%20Pole.

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Scripps Institution allied with the university of California - 1912

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Scripps Institution allied with the university of California - 1912

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During a join venture with the university of california, Scripps biologists developed discoveries which eventually led to the discovery of Plate Tectonics Theory.

https://scripps.ucsd.edu/about/history#:~:text=It%20was%20during%20this%20postwar,the%20strangest%20research%20craft%20ever

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International Hydrographic bureau founded - 1921

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International Hydrographic bureau founded - 1921

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One of the oldest government organizations founded, the International Hydrographic bureau was formed to increase navigational safety as well as the protection of marine life and its environment.

https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/international-hydrographic-bureau-2

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Woods Hole Oceanographic institution founded - 1930

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Woods Hole Oceanographic institution founded - 1930

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Woods hole, a town in Southeastern Massachusetts, Within that town lies the Marine Biological Laboratory, as well as its offshoot, the Oceanographic institution is the leader when it comes to advancing the knowledge of the ocean, their goal is to explore the ocean and the properties of it, and also to educate others on their findings, and general knowledge about the ocean.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Woods-Hole

https://www.whoi.edu/what-we-do/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwxsm3BhDrARIsAMtVz6MFBYNF5omCZCq3Suo0oC8aQRpddeqELrgpQKodxGptU9lwxsvfsBUaAqAXEALw_wcB

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This article was most recently revised and updated by Table of Contents

Woods Hole, unincorporated village in Falmouth town (township), Barnstable county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies at the southwestern end of Cape Cod. Woods Hole is the cape's principal port and a point of departure for the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Within the village are the renowned Marine Biological Laboratory (1888) and its offshoot, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1930). Also in Woods Hole are the National Marine Fisheries Service (which includes an aquarium) and a field centre of the United States Geological Survey, as well as museums of oceanography, whaling, and local history. The Nobska Lighthouse, off the coast, was installed in 1829.

Amy Tikkanen.

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Woods Hole | Maritime Village, Oceanographic Institute, Cape Cod

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Woods Hole, unincorporated village in Falmouth town (township), Barnstable county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies at the southwestern end of Cape Cod. Woods Hole is the cape's principal port and a point of departure for the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Within the village

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The Atlantis was a space shuttle launched by Nasa in 1931 with a crew of four, The shuttle is named after the two-masted ship that was used as the primary research vessel for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis

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Also known simply as Scripps, is a free over the air cable tv channel owned by Edward Willis. It is a free news channel focused on the world.

https://ir.scripps.com/news-releases/news-release-details/scripps-reports-q2-2024-financial-results/#:~:text=The%20Scripps%20Networks%20reach%20nearly,through%20the%20sale%20of%20advertising.

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National Oceananic and Atmospheric Administration founded (NOAA) - 1970

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National Oceananic and Atmospheric Administration founded (NOAA) - 1970

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Formed by some of the oldest organizations in the U.S. Government, the NOAA was formed with the purpose of understanding our natural world and habitats. With exploration leading to intelligent uses of our marine resources.

https://www.noaa.gov/noaa-legal-history#:~:text=NOAA%20was%20created%20to%20serve,3%2C%201970%20under%205%20U.S.C.

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SEASAT was the first remote satellite ever launched for the purpose of sensing the earth's oceans with a radar which was attached to the satellite. It was specifically designed to see how well a remote satellite could do specific objectives like collect data on sea surface winds, wave heights, and ocean topography.

https://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/missions/seasat-1

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Jason 2 is an earth satellite made to observe ocean topography, levels of sea-rise, and the relationship between ocean circulation and the changing of our climate on earth.

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/jason-2#:~:text=Jason%202%20was%20an%20Earth,El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20and%20La%20Ni%C3%B1a.