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Problem Description: Global warming results from the increase in the greenhouse effect, a process in which thermal radiation emitted by the Earth is trapped in the atmosphere due to greenhouse gases (GHG). Its presence is natural and necessary to maintain the planet's temperature at habitable values.

Main Causes:

1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Mainly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), generated from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and intensive agriculture.

2. Industrialization: Factories and production processes significantly contribute to atmospheric pollution.

3. Resource Use: Excessive exploitation of natural resources generates waste and harmful emissions.

Consequences:

- Social: Increased frequency of extreme weather events (hurricanes, droughts), deterioration of public health, and forced migrations due to natural disasters.

- Political: International tensions over resource management, disputes over emission reduction responsibilities, and development of environmental policies.

- Economic: Damage to infrastructure, loss of agricultural productivity, and increased costs related to natural disasters.

- Environmental: Glacier melting, biodiversity loss, and disruptions in ecosystems.

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Calentamiento global: Los impactos de las grandes industrias

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Problem Description: Polar ice melt refers to the melting of ice sheets at the Earth's poles due to rising global temperatures caused by global warming.

Main Causes:

1. Global Warming: The increase in Earth's average temperature leads to accelerated melting of ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.

2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) in the atmosphere intensifies the greenhouse effect, raising temperatures and speeding up ice melt.

3. Positive Feedback: The loss of ice reduces the Earth's surface's reflectivity, leading to greater heat absorption and further temperature increases.

Consequences:

- Social: Changes in migration patterns for local communities, impact on traditional cultures and ways of life in polar regions.

- Political: Disputes over sovereignty and access to new resources in the Arctic, and the need for international agreements to manage the impacts of ice melt.

- Economic: Effects on industries such as fishing and tourism, costs related to damaged infrastructure, and adaptation to new climatic conditions.

- Environmental: Rising sea levels, loss of habitats for polar species, and changes in marine ecosystems.

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Problem Description: Marine litter comes from various sources and has multiple effects on the environment, health, economy, safety and culture. For example, marine litter can cause damage to marine organisms if ingested or even death to marine mammals that become trapped in it.

Main Causes:

1. Solid Waste: Dumping of trash such as plastics, metals, and chemicals into rivers, lakes, and oceans.

2. Urban Runoff: Rainwater carries pollutants from streets and urban areas into water bodies.

3. Industrial Discharges: Waste and spills from industrial activities contaminating nearby water sources.

Consequences:

- Social: Impact on human health, including waterborne diseases, and reduced access to clean drinking water.

- Political: Need for stricter regulations on waste management and pollution control, as well as international efforts to reduce water pollution.

- Economic: Costs associated with cleaning and treating polluted water, losses in fishing and recreational tourism due to poor water quality.

- Environmental: Damage to aquatic ecosystems, death of marine species from ingestion of waste, and disruption of aquatic habitats.

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Sabías que cada segundo más de 200 kilos de basura van a los océanos?

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https://www.imo.org/es/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/marinelitter-default.aspx#:~:text=La%20basura%20marina%20proviene%20de,se%20quedan%20atrapados%20en%20ella.

https://productos.terra.com.mx/deshielo-de-los-polos-causas-consecuencias-y-soluciones/

http://edomex.gob.mx/medio_ambiente_2021

https://www.nationalgeographic.es/medio-ambiente/que-es-el-calentamiento-global

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Cómo hacer las referencias bibliográficas de los capítulos de ...