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The Big Bang was the beginning of the universe. There was no before the big bang. Everything we know as the universe expanded rapidly from a point of immense mass and heat.

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380,000 years after the Big Bang, temperatures had cooled a significant amount. This created an environment that allowed for positively charged protons to capture negatively charged electrons. These reactions formed the first atoms, hydrogen and helium.

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The massive clouds of hydrogen and helium began to get tugged toward each other due to gravity. As they contracted, they got hotter, the atoms in these clouds began to move faster and collided with each other at increasingly violent speeds. Once it reached 10º C, the hydrogen atoms fused together and created energy. The energy in these clouds resisted the forces of gravity and pushed energy into the space between them, creating the first stars.

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Eventually, the first stars began to collapse. The temperatures got so hot and the stars got so dense that the helium atoms began to fuse with other atoms. This caused the creation of more complicated elements like carbon.

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Supernovae and the creation of chemistry

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Supernovae and the creation of chemistry

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To create more complex elements with more protons, it would require a hotter temperature than any star could maintain. However, when a star dies, it creates a colossal explosion called a supernova. The conditions created by the supernova allow for the remaining complex elements to be formed, all the way up to uranium.

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Our star was created in a cloud of hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen, and just about every element of the periodic table. Our sun was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The clouds of matter are called solar nebulas. These nebulas condense from gravity until they form what we know as our sun.

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In the solar nebula, the sun is formed and gobbles up most of the matter within the nebula. However, the small bits of remaining matter continue to orbit the sun. As time went on, these atoms collided, fused, and got bigger as their gravity increased absorbing more pieces. Gradually, due to accretion, the planets were formed. The gassier planets were pushed away by the sun, while the rockier planets were close.

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The early days of the earth were hot and dangerous. the earth was struck by meteorites and asteroids daily. At one point the earth was so hot that it started to melt this is known as ''differentiation." Heavy melts like iron and nickel sank to the middle forming the earth's core. This metallic core creates a magnetic field that protects us from some of the most dangerous things in the universe. Lighter elements would form the mantle, then the crust. And the lightest gasses became the atmosphere. After a long time, water vapor gathered into clouds and rained down water to create the oceans.

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In these early oceans, the earliest form of life was created. Water was the perfect medium for the development of life due to the speed at which the atoms move, allowing for them to pair up and combine. This caused the creation of complex chemicals which developed into deep-sea life. 3.5 billion years ago, these chemicals created prokaryotes, single-celled organisms.

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Photosynthesis is the ability to extract energy from sunlight and do metabolism. Some prokaryotes discovered this ability and created oxygen which was pumped into the atmosphere. This caused the atmosphere to be rich in oxygen. Many organisms weren't used to this, but some adapted, creating the first eukaryotes.

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With the atmosphere increasing in oxygen, some species adapted. These species used energy from oxygen atoms to do metabolism. These single-celled organisms were called eukaryotes. They were larger than prokaryotes and protected their DNA, while also allowing for mutation at a quicker rate as well as introducing sexual reproduction.

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As the amount of organisms increased more and more, cells began to combine and work together. This marked the appearance of the first multi-cellular organisms. These living organisms contained many different cells that worked together as one. The creation of these organisms marked a new level of complexity.

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About 500 million years after the first multi-celled organism formed. Early forms of plants and insects started to explore the land. Over time these species formed skin to protect their bodies, and eggs to protect their offspring. Over time these species evolved into early amphibians, dinosaurs, and the first mammals.

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65 million years ago during the age of the dinosaurs, a meteor collided with earth. This meteor caused many other natural disasters which culminated in the K-T extinction. During this extinction event, most reptiles, dinos, and mammals were wiped out.

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After the K-T extinction, it gave way for small mammals to thrive and evolve. These small mammals evolved to be bigger and more complex. After millions of years, these mammals evolved into apes which through many stages of evolution, turned into the homo sapiens, our early ancestors. These homo sapiens were intelligent and could use tools, also learning to be hunter-gatherers, foraging for food.