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Photograph courtesy of the U. S. State Department

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It is the art, the science, and the means by which nations, groups, or individuals conduct their affairs, in ways to safeguard their interests and promote their political, economic, cultural or scientific relations, while maintaining peaceful relationships.

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G20 meetings in Bali, Indonesia from November 15-16, 2022. (Photo by Hebestreit) BUNDESREGIERUNG VIA GETTY IMAGES

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These are the processes of discussions and bargaining between parties with the goal of reaching mutually acceptable agreements. Effective negotiation in diplomacy extends beyond mere compromise; it involves fostering an environment of trust, open communication, and mutual understanding. Negotiation is a fundamental principle of diplomacy that enables diplomats to find common ground, address conflicting interests, and promote cooperation.

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Former President Benigno Aquino III at the 65th General Assembly of the United Nations in September 2010.(Photo courtesy of UN Philippines)

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It is the exchange of ideas, perspectives, and crucial information between states. Through communication, diplomats foster understanding, mitigate misunderstandings, and build trust, creating a conducive environment for productive dialogue. Effective communication allows diplomats to convey their intentions, interests, and redress any potential misunderstandings that may arise during negotiations.

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Former US President George Bush shares a laugh with then Chinese President Jiang Zemin in Houston, Texas, 23 October, 2002. DAVID J. PHILLIP/AFP/AFP/Getty Images

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It forms the foundation for successful diplomatic engagements. Establishing and nurturing relationships with counterparts and key stakeholders is crucial in fostering collaboration, resolving conflicts, and advancing mutual interests. Strong relationships contribute to stability, foster dialogue, and lay the groundwork for long-term collaboration in the realm of diplomacy.

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Diplomats are tasked with effectively representing their country's interests and working towards achieving their goals in a diplomatic manner. Fostering relationships and alliances with other nations that share common goals or have complementary interests. Promoting interests is a crucial principle of diplomacy that requires diplomats to represent their country's interests effectively. Balancing national interests with cooperation and collaboration is essential in the pursuit of successful diplomacy

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Mexico's President Enrique Peña Nieto, Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and U.S. President Barack Obama shake hands while posing for a photo at the North American Leaders' Summit in Ottawa, on June 29, 2016. Source: Chris Wattie/Reuters.

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It is the outcome of successful negotiations between states and organizations. Moreover, it is a typically formal arrangement among parties, or, in the case of diplomacy, nations, typically involving a written document outlining their relationship or cooperation on a specific matter. It is legally binding and can be bilateral or multilateral. Agreements are negotiated and agreed upon, and must be mutually acceptable to all parties involved. As for diplomats, agreements can refer to any type of diplomatic arrangement.

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In front of the Palais des Nations in Geneva the flags of the 193 member states line the "Allée des drapeaux". FDFA, Presence Switzerland

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It takes place when a nation or state accepts the independence, legitimacy, and existence of another state or nation. Furthermore, this is crucial for establishing diplomatic relations because it signifies a state's willingness to interact on an official level and is governed by international law and custom. Diplomatic missions are typically established between countries, and recognition is governed by criteria and procedures and by receiving ambassadors.

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President Ferdinand  R. Marcos Jr. rings the historic bell at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) after attending an economic forum with Speaker Martin G. Romualdez, First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos, Finance Sec. Benajamin Diokno and other members of the Philippine delegation. Photo courtesy of Facebook pages of New York Stock Exchange and Philippine Star.

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Top diplomats and chief executives, who represent states, have immunity or protection from search, arrest, lawsuits, and even legal bans in the country they are sent. Moreover, they cannot be fined, arrested, or harmed in any way, even during war, and they are not searched when they cross borders. This diplomatic immunity allows them to do their work and negotiate freely with other state representatives. Embassies are also not subject to the host country's rules. In fact, they are considered part of the territory of the sending country.

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Nauru Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Lionel Aingimea, met with PRC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Political Bureau member and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi. Photo: The government of the Republic of Nauru

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It s a fundamental aspect of diplomacy, recognizing and ac​knowl​edg​ing the dignity and sovereignty of other nations. It fosters harmonious relationships between states through promoting peace, stability, and cooperation. This include treating all states fairly, avoiding discrimination based on religion, ethnicity, or political ideology, and being tolerant of cultural, political, and social differences. It also encourages open dialogue, facilitating the exchange of ideas and dispute resolution. This principle is crucial for preventing conflicts and fostering trust and understanding.