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The audience includes the individuals the writer engages with the text. Most often there is an intended, or target, audience for the text. Audiences encounter and in some way use the text based on their own experiences, values, and needs that may or may not align with the writer’s.

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The purpose is what the writer and the text aim to do. To think rhetorically about purpose is to think both about what motivated writers to write and what the goals of their texts are. These goals may originate from a personal place, but they are shared when writers engage audiences through writing.

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What is the author writing about? Topic? 

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What is the author writing about? Topic? 

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The topic is..... feel free to pull evidence from the text on this one.

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The context refers to other direct and indirect social, cultural, geographic, political, and institutional factors that likely influence the writer, text, and audience in a particular situation.

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Literally translated, ethos means “character.”  In this case, it refers to the character of the writer or speaker, or more specifically, his credibility.  The writer needs to establish credibility so that the audience will trust him and, thus, be more willing to engage with the argument.  If a writer fails to establish a sufficient ethical appeal, then the audience will not take the writer’s argument seriously.

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Literally translated, pathos means “suffering.”  In this case, it refers to emotion, or more specifically, the writer’s appeal to the audience’s emotions.  When a writer establishes an effective pathetic appeal, she makes the audience care about what she is saying.  If the audience does not care about the message, then they will not engage with the argument being made.

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Literally translated, logos means “word.”  In this case, it refers to information, or more specifically, the writer’s appeal to logic and reason. A successful logical appeal provides clearly organized information as well as evidence to support the overall argument.  If one fails to establish a logical appeal, then the argument will lack both sense and substance.

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Literally translated, Kairos means the “supreme moment.”  In this case, it refers to appropriate timing, meaning when the writer presents certain parts of her argument as well as the overall timing of the subject matter itself.  While not technically part of the Rhetorical Triangle, it is still an important principle for constructing an effective argument. If the writer fails to establish a strong Kairotic appeal, then the audience may become polarized, hostile, or may simply just lose interest.

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Identify who the communicator is.

Identify the issue at hand.

Identify the communicator’s purpose.

Identify the medium or method of communication.

Identify who the audience is.

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Examining the rhetorical context in which a writer is operating helps you understand an author’s biases and agendas as well as the influences surrounding the writer that may have affected his or her composition. Examining the rhetorical context in which you, as a reader/responder, are operating helps you situate the text rhetorically, become aware of your own position, and respond to the text appropriately. Is the author biased in any way? Are they more opinionated rather than fact-based? What biases could be present here? Why? How?

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Refers to the perceived need for the text, an urgent imperfection a writer identifies and then responds to through writing. To
think rhetorically about exigence is to think about what writers respond to
through their writing.

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How is their argument structured? Do they include art or images?
What elements of design do they use and how does it make the essay
more effective?

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Feel free to refer to the answers to the questions from the Rhetorical Situation Assignment (that can contribute to your posts too).

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Feel free to refer to the answers to the questions from the Rhetorical Situation Assignment (that can contribute to your posts too).