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Karra Cancillieri/Test-Enhanced Learning in the Classroom:Long-Term Improvements From Quizzing

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Karra Cancillieri/Test-Enhanced Learning in the Classroom:Long-Term Improvements From Quizzing

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Karra Cancillieri/The Effect of Announced Quizzes on Exam Performance

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Karra Cancillieri/The Effect of Announced Quizzes on Exam Performance

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Karra Cancillieri/Benefits of More Classroom Testing

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Karra Cancillieri/Benefits of More Classroom Testing

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Karra Cancillieri/Frequent Tests Can Enhance College Learning, Study Finds

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Karra Cancillieri/Frequent Tests Can Enhance College Learning, Study Finds

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"This study is important because it introduces a new method to implement frequent quizzing with feedback in large classrooms, which can be difficult to do," said Jeffrey D. Karpicke, a professor of psychology at Purdue, who was not involved in the study.

He added, "This is the first large study to show that classroom quizzing can help reduce achievement gaps" due to socioeconomic background.

On the first day of their Psych 301 course in fall 2011, James W. Pennebaker and Samuel D. Gosling - who have taught it jointly for years - instructed all 901 students to bring a laptop to class, if they had one (they all did).

The students then learned why: They would be taking a short quiz in each subsequent class on their computer. The quizzes would be short and personalized - seven questions that the entire class would answer, and one tailored to each student, usually a question from another quiz that he or she got wrong.

In place of a final exam, grades were based on cumulative quiz scores.

The questions "weren't impossible, as long as you did the reading and paid attention in class, but there were definitely some 'thinkers,' " Namita Pallod, 18, who recently took the course in the quiz format, said by email. "The harder part for me was always when old questions you had missed previously came back."

Most students hated it at first, Dr. Pennebaker said.

"Sam and I usually get really high course evaluations" from the students, he said; "these were the lowest ever."

Dr. Gosling offered one explanation. "For the first few weeks, every time their friends went out drinking, they couldn't go; they had yet another test the next day." Their co-author was Jason D. Ferrell, also at Texas.

By the end of the course, however, the class had outperformed a previous Psych 301 class of 935 students that used midterm exams - scoring 10 percent higher on a subset of 17 questions that appeared on both classes' tests. The quizzed group also got slightly higher grades, the study found.

The grade improvements were sharpest among students from lower-income backgrounds - those from poor-quality schools "who were always smartest in class," Dr. Gosling said.

"Then they get here and, when they fail the first midterm, they think it's a fluke," he went on. "By the time they've failed the second one, it's too late. The hole's too deep. The quizzes make it impossible to maintain that state of denial."

By forcing the students to stay current in the reading and pay attention in class, the quizzes also taught them a fundamental lesson about how to study, the authors said.

They also cut down on another kind of denial - that most hallowed of college traditions, cutting class.

In the middle of the semester, attendance usually averages about 60 percent, Dr. Pennebaker said, adding: "In this quiz class it was 90 percent. If you know you've got a quiz, you have to show up."

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Frequent Tests Can Enhance College Learning, Study Finds

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"This study is important because it introduces a new method to implement frequent quizzing with feedback in large classrooms, which can be difficult to do," said Jeffrey D. Karpicke, a professor of psychology at Purdue, who was not involved in the study.

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Karra Cancillieri/The Effect of Weekly Quizzes on Students‘ Final Achievement Score 

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Karra Cancillieri/The Effect of Weekly Quizzes on Students‘ Final Achievement Score 

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Using daily entrance or exit quizzes to hold students accountable daily and seeing if it increases overall achievement.

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Karra Cancillieri/Test-Enhanced Learning in a Middle School Science Classroom:The Effects of Quiz Frequency and Placement

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Karra Cancillieri/Test-Enhanced Learning in a Middle School Science Classroom:The Effects of Quiz Frequency and Placement

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Karra Cancillieri/ Using tests as an incentive to motivate procrastinators to study

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Karra Cancillieri/ Using tests as an incentive to motivate procrastinators to study

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Karra Cancillieri/Daily Quizzes vs. Weekly Tests

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Karra Cancillieri/Daily Quizzes vs. Weekly Tests

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Potential Problem: (Research Topic) Students in my 6th grade mathematics classes wait until a test, quiz, or graded assignment is coming before they are concerned about their level of understanding