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When Beowulf’s sword fails against Grendel’s mother, it shows that human strength and weapons are not enough. The moment becomes an allegory for Christian faith: only God’s will, not man’s tools, can bring victory. The poem suggests divine power is stronger than earthly force.

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Written during a time of Christianization, the poem throughout its course makes numerous thematic allusions to the Bible and Christian lore.

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The Characterization of the hero VS. The dragon is a symbol for Greed and Avarice.

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In its original form, the poem is performed with a Caesura, for artistic and strategic reasons for the Scop.

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The ending links Beowulf’s wyrd with the memory of his people. Phrases like “the Geats built a mound” and “his fame will live among men” show that though death is inevitable, heroic deeds ensure lasting honor. The funeral blends sorrow with pride, tying destiny to legacy.

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Grendel's descriptions makes him an archetypal villain, embodying fear of what lurks outside, chaos, exile, and evil. He represents society’s fear of outsiders and the unknown, threatening the safety of community and order.

Tolkien, J.R.R. “Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics.”

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Hrothgar’s sermon to Beowulf after the fight with Grendel’s mother shows him as a wise king. He warns Beowulf about pride and reminds him that strength fades, so a ruler must stay humble and fear God. This makes Hrothgar a mentor figure who teaches the values of wisdom over power.