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Advocacy appears in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 4 and is defined as “efforts directed toward promoting occupational justice and empowering clients to seek and obtain resources to fully participate in their daily life occupations. Efforts undertaken by the practitioner are considered advocacy, and those undertaken by the client are considered self-advocacy and can be promoted and supported by the practitioner”.

American Occupational Therapy Association (2020). Occupational therapy practice  framework: Domain and process (4th ed.). https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S2001

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For every passion or skill, there's a form of advocacy.

There's a good reason why writing letters and calling legislators is the most popular form of advocacy-it's effective. However, at AOTA we understand that not all practitioners find writing and calling legislators an easy or enjoyable task. The good news is that advocacy comes in all shapes and sizes.

As occupational therapy practitioners, we look for the skills, abilities, and strengths of our clients to help them live their lives in the best way possible. Why not do the same for ourselves as advocates for our profession? We're a profession with diverse skills and a vast array of talented individuals; let's use that to our advantage.

Congressional meetings in Washington, DC

AOTA's Capitol Hill Day

If you're a social, outgoing person, the traditional modes of advocacy-Capitol Hill visits and calling legislators-are perfect for you. If you live near the Washington, DC, area or like to travel, you can participate in AOTA's Capitol Hill Day in the fall. You will receive information to prepare for the event, attend a morning briefing on the issues most important to occupational therapy, and then spend the day visiting the offices of your Representative and Senators.

If you cannot participate in Capitol Hill Day, you can schedule appointments with your legislators at almost any time of the year to talk about occupational therapy and the issues affecting our profession. Visit the Hill Day page to learn more about opportunities to advocate.

Congressional meetings in your state or district

If you want to participate in advocacy for your profession from your own backyard, start at your state capitol. Contact your state occupational therapy association to participate in their advocacy efforts, including their state capitol lobby days. Your state legislators are developing and deliberating on legislation that could affect insurance coverage, reimbursement, and your state's scope of practice definitions. Schedule meetings with your state legislator, either at the state capitol or at their local office, and talk to them about occupational therapy.

You don't have to go to Washington to meet with your federally elected officials. You can arrange the same meetings back home in their districts. The process is the same. Visit our different ways to advocate with federal policy makers page for more information on setting up meetings with your Members of Congress.

Remember that for both federal and state officials, you don't have to arrange a meeting in their office. You also can participate in Town Hall meetings, or invite them to tour your facility or speak at your school. It is important to remember that setting up these meetings takes time. It may be 6 months from your first contact to the final meeting, but stick with it and your efforts will pay off.

Contact Policymakers page

Legislative Action Center

Virtual Hill Day

If you want to take action right now, you can communicate with your legislators today. To inform them about our profession and the issues that are important to you and the clients you serve, visit our contact policy makers page to review some of the most up-to-date information on current issues. Advocates can also access our Legislative Action Center to monitor current legislation, identify your Members of Congress, gather your legislators' contact information, and even contact your Member's office directly. For a more personal approach, craft your own letter that clearly explains the issue to your legislator and what actions you would like him or her to take. Template letters are available on the Legislative Action Center; write your own, use the template, or do a bit of both!

You can also participate in AOTA's Virtual Capitol Hill Day by writing your legislators about occupational therapy on the same day as other practitioners and students are making visits. Join our Legislative Action Center mailing list to receive information on the next Virtual Advocacy Event.

Donate to AOTPAC

Hold fundraisers for AOTPAC

All AOTA members who care deeply about the welfare of our profession, whether you are passionate about advocacy or not, can contribute to the American Occupational Therapy Political Action Committee (AOTPAC) annually. The purpose of AOTPAC is to further the legislative aims of AOTA by using funds to support federal public officials (U.S. Senate or U.S. House of Representatives) who introduce or support occupational therapy-related bills. Supportive legislators may also act by raising awareness about issues affecting occupational therapy by asking questions during Committee hearings and making statements for the record.

Students who want to contribute to AOTPAC but have tight budgets can join their occupational therapy classmates and participate in the Assembly of Student Delegates' (ASD) AOTPAC Student Challenge. Get ideas on how to put on fundraisers and contribute as a group.

Note: Contributions to AOTPAC are voluntary, and refusal does not affect a member's rights. Contributions or gifts to AOTPAC are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes. Corporate contributions to AOTPAC are prohibited.

Comment and Like on Facebook

Follow on Twitter

Advocate on Instagram or other social media platforms

Post on CommunOT

Chances are that your legislators are on Facebook and Twitter. Have you "liked" them yet? Follow them on social media and start a conversation with their staff (use the Legislative Action Center to find their Congressional website, which will link to Facebook and Twitter). Comment on their updates, re-tweet their breaking news, and send messages to let them know about the profession. You can also use your social media skills to share advocacy ideas on CommunOT ; or visit Facebook, Instagram, or other social media platforms. Invite your colleagues, and write and share information about advocating for occupational therapy.

Be a member of AOTA

Get involved with AOTA

The most important way to be an advocate for occupational therapy is to continue being a member of AOTA, which is something all students and practitioners can do. Encourage classmates and fellow practitioners to join AOTA by telling them about the benefits of being a member of our national Association. Individuals who are absolutely passionate about advocacy can apply for an AOTA fieldwork position and spend time working with Policy staff and occupational therapy experts at our national office.

If you want to get even more involved, AOTA has an extensive range of opportunities. AOTA employs a team of policy experts who monitor and respond to legislation and rulemaking that affect occupational therapy. This team is composed of lawyers and lobbyists who understand the intricacies of politics in Washington, DC, and all 50 states. However, we sometimes need the help of practitioners to understand how rules or policies will affect the profession in practice. If you are an expert in an area of practice or on a specific topic, the policy team could use your help in analyzing rules, developing clinical examples of how rules would affect clients, and gathering other information that would assist in writing comments and letters to policy makers.

Policy-focused volunteers can contact AOTA to share their expertise. Contact us at:

Volunteering is a terrific way to maximize your AOTA membership, share perspectives, enhance your networks, and advance your career. Learn more on our Get involved page.

If you're a strong AOTA advocate, but you're also passionate about your clients and want them to have access to your services and the ability to live life to its fullest, lend your occupational therapy expertise to groups that advance the rights of people with disabilities or that protect Medicare beneficiaries. Also, every state has advisory boards, commissions, and committees for a range of topics such as patient rights, and aging and disability. Many of these groups require an appointment by the state Governor or a legislator. Explore your state government's website to see if any opportunities exist and if you can serve as an appointed member or a volunteer.

Marketing and promoting OT

Spread the word, tell your story

You know that occupational therapy is more than a profession-it's a passion, and it's about people. Spread the word about the value of OT.

There's a good reason why writing letters and calling legislators is the most popular form of advocacy-it's effective. However, at AOTA we understand that not all practitioners find writing and calling legislators an easy or enjoyable task. The good news is that advocacy comes in all shapes and sizes.

As occupational therapy practitioners, we look for the skills, abilities, and strengths of our clients to help them live their lives in the best way possible. Why not do the same for ourselves as advocates for our profession? We're a profession with diverse skills and a vast array of talented individuals; let's use that to our advantage.

Congressional meetings in Washington, DC

AOTA's Capitol Hill Day

If you're a social, outgoing person, the traditional modes of advocacy-Capitol Hill visits and calling legislators-are perfect for you. If you live near the Washington, DC, area or like to travel, you can participate in AOTA's Capitol Hill Day in the fall. You will receive information to prepare for the event, attend a morning briefing on the issues most important to occupational therapy, and then spend the day visiting the offices of your Representative and Senators.

If you cannot participate in Capitol Hill Day, you can schedule appointments with your legislators at almost any time of the year to talk about occupational therapy and the issues affecting our profession. Visit the Hill Day page to learn more about opportunities to advocate.

Congressional meetings in your state or district

If you want to participate in advocacy for your profession from your own backyard, start at your state capitol. Contact your state occupational therapy association to participate in their advocacy efforts, including their state capitol lobby days. Your state legislators are developing and deliberating on legislation that could affect insurance coverage, reimbursement, and your state's scope of practice definitions. Schedule meetings with your state legislator, either at the state capitol or at their local office, and talk to them about occupational therapy.

You don't have to go to Washington to meet with your federally elected officials. You can arrange the same meetings back home in their districts. The process is the same. Visit our different ways to advocate with federal policy makers page for more information on setting up meetings with your Members of Congress.

Remember that for both federal and state officials, you don't have to arrange a meeting in their office. You also can participate in Town Hall meetings, or invite them to tour your facility or speak at your school. It is important to remember that setting up these meetings takes time. It may be 6 months from your first contact to the final meeting, but stick with it and your efforts will pay off.

Contact Policymakers page

Legislative Action Center

Virtual Hill Day

If you want to take action right now, you can communicate with your legislators today. To inform them about our profession and the issues that are important to you and the clients you serve, visit our contact policy makers page to review some of the most up-to-date information on current issues. Advocates can also access our Legislative Action Center to monitor current legislation, identify your Members of Congress, gather your legislators' contact information, and even contact your Member's office directly. For a more personal approach, craft your own letter that clearly explains the issue to your legislator and what actions you would like him or her to take. Template letters are available on the Legislative Action Center; write your own, use the template, or do a bit of both!

You can also participate in AOTA's Virtual Capitol Hill Day by writing your legislators about occupational therapy on the same day as other practitioners and students are making visits. Join our Legislative Action Center mailing list to receive information on the next Virtual Advocacy Event.

Donate to AOTPAC

Hold fundraisers for AOTPAC

All AOTA members who care deeply about the welfare of our profession, whether you are passionate about advocacy or not, can contribute to the American Occupational Therapy Political Action Committee (AOTPAC) annually. The purpose of AOTPAC is to further the legislative aims of AOTA by using funds to support federal public officials (U.S. Senate or U.S. House of Representatives) who introduce or support occupational therapy-related bills. Supportive legislators may also act by raising awareness about issues affecting occupational therapy by asking questions during Committee hearings and making statements for the record.

Students who want to contribute to AOTPAC but have tight budgets can join their occupational therapy classmates and participate in the Assembly of Student Delegates' (ASD) AOTPAC Student Challenge. Get ideas on how to put on fundraisers and contribute as a group.

Note: Contributions to AOTPAC are voluntary, and refusal does not affect a member's rights. Contributions or gifts to AOTPAC are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes. Corporate contributions to AOTPAC are prohibited.

Comment and Like on Facebook

Follow on Twitter

Advocate on Instagram or other social media platforms

Post on CommunOT

Chances are that your legislators are on Facebook and Twitter. Have you "liked" them yet? Follow them on social media and start a conversation with their staff (use the Legislative Action Center to find their Congressional website, which will link to Facebook and Twitter). Comment on their updates, re-tweet their breaking news, and send messages to let them know about the profession. You can also use your social media skills to share advocacy ideas on CommunOT ; or visit Facebook, Instagram, or other social media platforms. Invite your colleagues, and write and share information about advocating for occupational therapy.

Be a member of AOTA

Get involved with AOTA

The most important way to be an advocate for occupational therapy is to continue being a member of AOTA, which is something all students and practitioners can do. Encourage classmates and fellow practitioners to join AOTA by telling them about the benefits of being a member of our national Association. Individuals who are absolutely passionate about advocacy can apply for an AOTA fieldwork position and spend time working with Policy staff and occupational therapy experts at our national office.

If you want to get even more involved, AOTA has an extensive range of opportunities. AOTA employs a team of policy experts who monitor and respond to legislation and rulemaking that affect occupational therapy. This team is composed of lawyers and lobbyists who understand the intricacies of politics in Washington, DC, and all 50 states. However, we sometimes need the help of practitioners to understand how rules or policies will affect the profession in practice. If you are an expert in an area of practice or on a specific topic, the policy team could use your help in analyzing rules, developing clinical examples of how rules would affect clients, and gathering other information that would assist in writing comments and letters to policy makers.

Policy-focused volunteers can contact AOTA to share their expertise. Contact us at:

Volunteering is a terrific way to maximize your AOTA membership, share perspectives, enhance your networks, and advance your career. Learn more on our Get involved page.

If you're a strong AOTA advocate, but you're also passionate about your clients and want them to have access to your services and the ability to live life to its fullest, lend your occupational therapy expertise to groups that advance the rights of people with disabilities or that protect Medicare beneficiaries. Also, every state has advisory boards, commissions, and committees for a range of topics such as patient rights, and aging and disability. Many of these groups require an appointment by the state Governor or a legislator. Explore your state government's website to see if any opportunities exist and if you can serve as an appointed member or a volunteer.

Marketing and promoting OT

Spread the word, tell your story

You know that occupational therapy is more than a profession-it's a passion, and it's about people. Spread the word about the value of OT.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For every passion or skill, there's a form of advocacy. There's a good reason why writing letters and calling legislators is the most popular form of advocacy-it's effective. However, at AOTA we understand that not all practitioners find writing and calling legislators an easy or enjoyable task.

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Occupational therapy practitioners recognize that physical and mental health is supported when clients are able to engage in occupations and activities that allow them to achieve the desired outcome of participation in their chosen environments and contexts (AOTA, 2014b, 2015b). The essence of occupational therapy is the “belief that active engagement in occupation promotes, facilitates, supports, and maintains health and participation” (AOTA, 2014b, p. S4). Health management, including physical and mental health management and maintenance, is an important occupation for clients within the domain of occupational therapy. Health promotion and prevention are identified as occupational therapy intervention approaches, and prevention, health and wellness, QoL, participation, well-being, and occupational justice are potential outcomes of occupational therapy services (AOTA, 2014b).

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OT in the Promotion of Health and Well-Being

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Rehabilitation is a team effort. Occupational therapy interventions (OTIs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are an integral and crucial part of the rehabilitation processes. This is especially true because the focus and goal of any OTIs are solely toward functional independence of persons with disabilities (PWD) in activities of daily living (ADL) and in performing their individual, family, and social roles within an environment. Strategies used by OTs include assessment, treatment, adaptive techniques, assistive technology, and environmental adaptations.

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Occupational therapy’s distinct contribution to the field of mental health is its grounding in occupation. Intervention may build new or enhance existing skills, create opportunities, and modify or adapt the environment or activity to enable participation in life (AOTA, 2013b). Through the use of activities, occupational therapy practitioners promote mental health and support full participation in life for people with or at risk of experiencing psychiatric, behavioral, and substance use disorders.

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Mental Health Promotion, Prevention, and Intervention in OT Practice

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Occupational therapy services are designed to be client-centered, whether the client is an individual client or worker, a work group, an employer, or the overall workforce. Occupational therapy practitioners provide services to promote health and wellness, prevent injury, and maximize work performance and participation for clients who experience challenges in attaining, maintaining, or resuming work because of disease, disability, or injury.

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OT Services in Facilitating Work Participation and Performance

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Productive aging is a key practice area for occupational therapy. Our society's rapidly aging population and increased longevity, the changing world of work, and baby boomers' focus on quality-of-life issues are some factors that will increase the demand for you to have innovative approaches for services in this area. Occupational therapy’s distinct value is to improve health and quality of life through facilitating participation and engagement in occupations - the meaningful, necessary, and familiar activities of everyday life. Occupational therapy takes a holistic approach to identify strategies that will support older adults to continue to engage in meaningful occupations.

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Productive aging is a key practice area for occupational therapy. Our society's rapidly aging population and increased longevity, the changing world of work, and baby boomers' focus on quality-of-life issues are some factors that will increase the demand for you to have innovative approaches for services in this area. Occupational therapy's distinct value is to improve health and quality of life through facilitating participation and engagement in occupations - the meaningful, necessary, and familiar activities of everyday life. Occupational therapy takes a holistic approach to identify strategies that will support older adults to continue to engage in meaningful occupations.

Explore productive aging resources

Resources shared in the following sections address common issues faced when working with older adults. We hope the resources below will help guide and inform you about the practice of occupational therapy to support productive aging. If you have additional questions and are an AOTA member, try posting them on CommunOT, a community where occupational therapy practitioners just like you share knowledge and experiences.

CommunOT

Driving & community mobility

Occupational therapy practitioners have the science-based knowledge to understand the toll that progressive conditions and life changes can take on the complex task of driving. Understanding the role that driving plays in everyday life, occupational therapy practitioners help individuals make a smoother transition from driving to using other forms of transportation. In doing so, they help people maintain their autonomy, independence, and sense of worth, and continued access to community activities.
Driving & Community Mobility

Falls prevention

Despite being a common issue with older adults, most falls are preventable, and occupational therapy plays a prominent role in prevention. The cause of most falls is a complex interaction of multiple factors. While strength and balance may be contributory, routines, environments, and activities must also be considered. Occupational therapy practitioners provide comprehensive assessment, training, and support to help older adults remain injury-free.

Home modifications

Aging in place strategies focus on enhancing the safety and quality of life for older adults in their home environment while allowing participation in valued activities. Occupational therapy provides tools to allow older adults to stay in their homes as they age by supporting the necessary modifications to do so. A recent addition to the Center for Disease Control's falls algorithm [Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI)] recognizes occupational therapy's critical role in the success of programs addressing home hazards for older adults. This recognition is likewise reflected in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Older Adult Home Modification programs (OAHMP) that required funded projects to incorporate occupational therapy into the team approach to enhance homes. This section provides a variety of resources about occupational therapy practice and home modifications.
Home Modifications & Key Partnerships

Alzheimer's & dementia

Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is a progressive disease that increasingly reduces the person's cognitive skills and ability to function with daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners work not only with people with dementia but also with their caregivers and family members. Their focus on the person's remaining abilities, and adaptations and modifications to maintain participation for as long as possible, make them valuable members of the care team. By allowing for successful participation in activities, challenging behavior is also minimized.

Low vision

Many older adults experience age-related vision changes that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Occupational therapy practitioners help people with low vision function at the highest possible level by preventing accidents and injury (e.g., improving lighting), teaching new skills (e.g., eccentric viewing, visual tracking), modifying the task or environment (e.g., recommending magnifiers), and promoting a healthy lifestyle (e.g., ensuring they can participate in their daily activities).

Following significant direct input and advocacy from AOTA members and staff over the past year, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced a new voluntary nationwide care model - the Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model on July 31, 2023. The GUIDE Model aims to improve the quality of life for people living with dementia, reduce strain on unpaid caregivers, and help people remain in their homes and communities through a package of care coordination and management, caregiver education and support, and respite services.

An overview of a new fact sheet from AOTA regarding why OT should be a qualifying service for Home Health in Medicare once more.

Educational article describing coding definitions, documentation requirements, and billing considerations for occupational therapy use of RTM codes.

Productive aging is a key practice area for occupational therapy. Our society's rapidly aging population and increased longevity, the changing world of work, and baby boomers' focus on quality-of-life issues are some factors that will increase the demand for you to have innovative approaches for services in this area. Occupational therapy's distinct value is to improve health and quality of life through facilitating participation and engagement in occupations - the meaningful, necessary, and familiar activities of everyday life. Occupational therapy takes a holistic approach to identify strategies that will support older adults to continue to engage in meaningful occupations.

Explore productive aging resources

Resources shared in the following sections address common issues faced when working with older adults. We hope the resources below will help guide and inform you about the practice of occupational therapy to support productive aging. If you have additional questions and are an AOTA member, try posting them on CommunOT, a community where occupational therapy practitioners just like you share knowledge and experiences.

CommunOT

Driving & community mobility

Occupational therapy practitioners have the science-based knowledge to understand the toll that progressive conditions and life changes can take on the complex task of driving. Understanding the role that driving plays in everyday life, occupational therapy practitioners help individuals make a smoother transition from driving to using other forms of transportation. In doing so, they help people maintain their autonomy, independence, and sense of worth, and continued access to community activities.
Driving & Community Mobility

Falls prevention

Despite being a common issue with older adults, most falls are preventable, and occupational therapy plays a prominent role in prevention. The cause of most falls is a complex interaction of multiple factors. While strength and balance may be contributory, routines, environments, and activities must also be considered. Occupational therapy practitioners provide comprehensive assessment, training, and support to help older adults remain injury-free.

Home modifications

Aging in place strategies focus on enhancing the safety and quality of life for older adults in their home environment while allowing participation in valued activities. Occupational therapy provides tools to allow older adults to stay in their homes as they age by supporting the necessary modifications to do so. A recent addition to the Center for Disease Control's falls algorithm [Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI)] recognizes occupational therapy's critical role in the success of programs addressing home hazards for older adults. This recognition is likewise reflected in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Older Adult Home Modification programs (OAHMP) that required funded projects to incorporate occupational therapy into the team approach to enhance homes. This section provides a variety of resources about occupational therapy practice and home modifications.
Home Modifications & Key Partnerships

Alzheimer's & dementia

Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is a progressive disease that increasingly reduces the person's cognitive skills and ability to function with daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners work not only with people with dementia but also with their caregivers and family members. Their focus on the person's remaining abilities, and adaptations and modifications to maintain participation for as long as possible, make them valuable members of the care team. By allowing for successful participation in activities, challenging behavior is also minimized.

Low vision

Many older adults experience age-related vision changes that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Occupational therapy practitioners help people with low vision function at the highest possible level by preventing accidents and injury (e.g., improving lighting), teaching new skills (e.g., eccentric viewing, visual tracking), modifying the task or environment (e.g., recommending magnifiers), and promoting a healthy lifestyle (e.g., ensuring they can participate in their daily activities).

Following significant direct input and advocacy from AOTA members and staff over the past year, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced a new voluntary nationwide care model - the Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model on July 31, 2023. The GUIDE Model aims to improve the quality of life for people living with dementia, reduce strain on unpaid caregivers, and help people remain in their homes and communities through a package of care coordination and management, caregiver education and support, and respite services.

An overview of a new fact sheet from AOTA regarding why OT should be a qualifying service for Home Health in Medicare once more.

Educational article describing coding definitions, documentation requirements, and billing considerations for occupational therapy use of RTM codes.

Productive aging is a key practice area for occupational therapy. Our society's rapidly aging population and increased longevity, the changing world of work, and baby boomers' focus on quality-of-life issues are some factors that will increase the demand for you to have innovative approaches for services in this area. Occupational therapy's distinct value is to improve health and quality of life through facilitating participation and engagement in occupations - the meaningful, necessary, and familiar activities of everyday life. Occupational therapy takes a holistic approach to identify strategies that will support older adults to continue to engage in meaningful occupations.

Explore productive aging resources

Resources shared in the following sections address common issues faced when working with older adults. We hope the resources below will help guide and inform you about the practice of occupational therapy to support productive aging. If you have additional questions and are an AOTA member, try posting them on CommunOT, a community where occupational therapy practitioners just like you share knowledge and experiences.

CommunOT

Driving & community mobility

Occupational therapy practitioners have the science-based knowledge to understand the toll that progressive conditions and life changes can take on the complex task of driving. Understanding the role that driving plays in everyday life, occupational therapy practitioners help individuals make a smoother transition from driving to using other forms of transportation. In doing so, they help people maintain their autonomy, independence, and sense of worth, and continued access to community activities.
Driving & Community Mobility

Falls prevention

Despite being a common issue with older adults, most falls are preventable, and occupational therapy plays a prominent role in prevention. The cause of most falls is a complex interaction of multiple factors. While strength and balance may be contributory, routines, environments, and activities must also be considered. Occupational therapy practitioners provide comprehensive assessment, training, and support to help older adults remain injury-free.

Home modifications

Aging in place strategies focus on enhancing the safety and quality of life for older adults in their home environment while allowing participation in valued activities. Occupational therapy provides tools to allow older adults to stay in their homes as they age by supporting the necessary modifications to do so. A recent addition to the Center for Disease Control's falls algorithm [Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI)] recognizes occupational therapy's critical role in the success of programs addressing home hazards for older adults. This recognition is likewise reflected in the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Older Adult Home Modification programs (OAHMP) that required funded projects to incorporate occupational therapy into the team approach to enhance homes. This section provides a variety of resources about occupational therapy practice and home modifications.
Home Modifications & Key Partnerships

Alzheimer's & dementia

Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is a progressive disease that increasingly reduces the person's cognitive skills and ability to function with daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners work not only with people with dementia but also with their caregivers and family members. Their focus on the person's remaining abilities, and adaptations and modifications to maintain participation for as long as possible, make them valuable members of the care team. By allowing for successful participation in activities, challenging behavior is also minimized.

Low vision

Many older adults experience age-related vision changes that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Occupational therapy practitioners help people with low vision function at the highest possible level by preventing accidents and injury (e.g., improving lighting), teaching new skills (e.g., eccentric viewing, visual tracking), modifying the task or environment (e.g., recommending magnifiers), and promoting a healthy lifestyle (e.g., ensuring they can participate in their daily activities).

Following significant direct input and advocacy from AOTA members and staff over the past year, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced a new voluntary nationwide care model - the Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model on July 31, 2023. The GUIDE Model aims to improve the quality of life for people living with dementia, reduce strain on unpaid caregivers, and help people remain in their homes and communities through a package of care coordination and management, caregiver education and support, and respite services.

An overview of a new fact sheet from AOTA regarding why OT should be a qualifying service for Home Health in Medicare once more.

Educational article describing coding definitions, documentation requirements, and billing considerations for occupational therapy use of RTM codes.

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Finding innovative approaches to support productive aging | AOTA

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Information and resources for occupational therapy practitioners to promote and support productive aging.

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Occupational therapy practitioners use meaningful activities to help children and youth participate in what they need and/or want to do in order to promote physical and mental health and well-being. Occupational therapy practitioners focus on participation in the following areas: education, play and leisure, social interaction, activities of daily living (e.g., eating, dressing, hygiene), instrumental activities of daily living (e.g., meal preparation, shopping), sleep and rest, and work.

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Assistive technology is important because it can enable people with disabilities to participate in all aspects of society and lead more independent lives.

These technologies can help people with disabilities to perform daily activities, such as communicating with others, moving around their environment, and accessing information.

Assistive technology can have broader societal benefits, such as:

reducing healthcare costs

increasing productivity

promoting inclusivity

reducing the stigma associated with disability.

The need for assistive tech devices is already massive, and it is set to double.

Globally, more than 1 BILLION people need 1 or more assistive products.

2 billion people will need at least 1 assistive product by 2030.

Unfortunately, even though the need is massive the majority of people do not have access to the assistive products they need. WHO estimates that only 1 in 10 people in need have access to assistive products.

Challenges

Policy

Very few countries have a national assistive technology policy or program.

In many countries, access to assistive technology in the public sector is poor or non-existent. Even in high-income countries, assistive products are often rationed or not included in health and welfare schemes, leading to high out-of-pocket payments by users and their families.

For example, it is common policy in a number of European countries for the state to provide older people with only 1 hearing aid, despite the fact that most people with age-related hearing loss require 2 hearing aids to function.

Products

The assistive products industry is currently limited and specialized, primarily serving high-income markets. There is a lack of state funding, nationwide service delivery systems, user-centered research and development, procurement systems, quality and safety standards, and context-appropriate product design.

Provision

In high-income countries, services are often stand-alone and not integrated. People are forced to attend multiple appointments at different locations, which are costly and add to the burden on users as well as caregivers, and on health and welfare budgets.

In many low- and middle-income countries, national service delivery for assistive products does not exist. Those who can afford them buy assistive products direct from a pharmacy, private clinic, or workshop.

People from the poorer sectors of society must rely on erratic donations or charity services, which often focus on delivering large quantities of low-quality or used products. These are often not appropriate for the user or the context and lack mechanisms for repair and follow-up. A similar scenario is also common in emergency response programs.

Personnel

Trained health personnel are essential for the proper prescription, fitting, user training, and follow-up of assistive products. Without these key steps, assistive products are often of no benefit or abandoned, and they may even cause physical harm (as is the case of providing wheelchairs without pressure relief cushions for people with spinal injuries).

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1. Ergonomic keyboard
https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/comfortable-ergo-keyboard/

2. Microphone headset
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C2Q5DZWX?linkCode=ogi&th=1&tag=cnet-buy-button-20&ascsubtag=c787755b34a243779bb1989aa54d8c67%7C4d64787e-87f6-4840-8de6-56528fc9e0b6%7Cdtp%7Ccn

3. Screen magnifier
https://www.amazon.com/Kantek-Magnifier-Widescreens-Diagonally-MAG22WL/dp/B00HNWPAXK/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?hvadid=409933839960&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9002091&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=3401399925270986692&hvtargid=kwd-338864213016&hydadcr=24625_11409876&keywords=screen%2Bmagnifier%2Bfor%2Bcomputer&qid=1691077969&sr=8-1-spons&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&th=1

4. Document clip
https://www.amazon.com/3M-Document-Adhesive-Capacity-DH240MB/dp/B001SR1242/ref=sr_1_3?hvadid=580601539878&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9002091&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=8896092363701518293&hvtargid=kwd-335334936666&hydadcr=4055_13192546&keywords=computer+monitor+clips&qid=1691078018&sr=8-3

5. Desk riser for standing or sitting
https://www.amazon.com/s?k=desk+riser+for+standing+or+sitting&hvadid=580746718214&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9002091&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=18263101653042861395&hvtargid=kwd-466114865249&hydadcr=18747_13467668&tag=googhydr-20&ref=pd_sl_39t2ad11n4_e

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fish Winch - electric fishing reel
https://www.fishwinch.com/

2. Lap mat - by Equip Products is the only product on the market that was developed to protect wheelchair athletes’ legs during training.
https://equipproducts.com/products/large-lapmat

3. Bidet attachment for toilet
https://hellotushy.com/collections/bidet-attachments

4. Adaptive tools for gardening
https://www.gardengatemagazine.com/articles/how-to/plant/accessible-tools-for-gardeners/

5. Electric toothbrush
https://www.usa.philips.com/c-p/HX3681_23/4100-series-sonic-electric-toothbrush?utm_id=71700000098997716&origin=7_700000001603708_71700000098997716__&gclid=CjwKCAjww7KmBhAyEiwA5-PUStJ01-W0wneYPM3-2pJinS0IhVVxaEOCp5XacROSTmYCrkPUMd5ashoCo60QAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

# data[].attributes.body
1. Oneware - series of cookware modular units is the ideal solution for tackling kitchen tasks for an injured hand, unilateral arthritis, amputees, or anyone who has lost the ability of one hand.
https://www.behance.net/gallery/35906235/Oneware

2. Adaptive rock climbing shoe - volv has produced the world's first climbing specific shoe for amputees. You will need to purchase either the Evolv Adaptive Foot (EAF) or the Eldorado Z-Axis Climbing Foot from TRS Prosthetics in order to use the Evolv Eldo-Z climbing shoe.
https://www.evolvsports.com/en-us/eldo-z-66-0000000525?c=1517935

3. Bike handlebar adapters
https://www.trsprosthetics.com/product/bicycle-criterium-handlebar-adapters/

4. Mouth stick
https://mouse4all.com/en/articles/mouth-sticks-for-quadriplegics/

5. Universal sliding transfer bench
https://www.target.com/p/drive-medical-folding-universal-sliding-transfer-bench/-/A-51390170?ref=tgt_adv_xsf&AFID=google&CPNG=Health&adgroup=245-11

# data[].attributes.body
1. Journal with mood disorder prompts - Writing about stressful and traumatic events can significantly benefit our physical and emotional health.

2. Headphones and music-playing device to reduce auditory hallucinations

3. Sound machine
https://www.potterybarnkids.com/products/snooz-white-noise-sound-machine/?catalogId=10&sku=9614150&cm_ven=PLA&cm_cat=Google&cm_pla=Baby%20Gear%20%3E%20Sound%20Machines&region_id=658780&cm_ite=9614150_14726664444&gclid=Cj0KCQjw2qKmBhCfARIsAFy8buJeCIkxtZwI6LV3H61JhDzcBw-xPMeLnT21K2XYfHNx47e2XrFRqO0aAssGEALw_wcB

4. Self care planner
https://www.silkandsonder.com/products/dateless-self-care-planner

5. Meditation library
https://www.mindvalley.com/var

# data[].attributes.body
1. Stair walker Assistep - affordable and safe solution to allow you to use your staircase in your home.
https://assistep.com/

2. Reading magnifier
https://www.google.com/search?q=magnifiers+for+reading+older+adults&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS703US936&oq=magnifiers+for+reading+older+adults&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigAdIBCDU1OTFqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#oshopproduct=gid:10527492355693942461,mid:576462368307252065,oid:3270981125669461180,iid:5213765539961562970,rds:UENfMTA1Mjc0OTIzNTU2OTM5NDI0NjF8UFJPRF9QQ18xMDUyNzQ5MjM1NTY5Mzk0MjQ2MQ%3D%3D,pvt:hg,pvo:3&oshop=apv&pvs=0

3. Electronic medication reminder
https://www.amazon.com/Deaco-Medicine-Reminder-Alarms-Without/dp/B00HLO981U/ref=asc_df_B00HLO981U/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=309788266948&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1048707775854021170&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9002091&hvtargid=pla-560640593652&psc=1

4. Jar openers
https://reviewed.usatoday.com/cooking/best-right-now/best-jar-openers

5. Weighted utensils
https://specialsupplies.com/adaptive-utensils-weighted-and-bendable-6-oz-arthritis-aid-silverware-easy-grip-for-shaking-elderly-trembling-hands-stainless-steel-spoons-fork-knife?gclid=Cj0KCQjw2qKmBhCfARIsAFy8buJf5DXreaneW1xxn5HqFWWmryBp5WSk0YUO0Mw7Bo3bv-gO1EOTIwQaAn1JEALw_wcB

# data[].attributes.body
1. Printed communication boards
https://www.fluentaac.com/communication-boards

2. Pencil grips
https://specialsupplies.com/pencil-grips-egg-for-kids-and-adults-6-pack-colorful-cushioned-holders-for-handwriting-drawing-coloring-ergonomic-right-or-left-handed-use

3. Visual schedules
https://adayinourshoes.com/free-printable-visual-schedules-for-home-and-daily-routines/

4. Noise-canceling headphones
https://adayinourshoes.com/the-7-coolest-noise-canceling-headphones-for-autism/

5. Adaptive paper
https://www.amazon.com/Raised-Line-Paper-NarrowLines-Sheets/dp/B00OTTJ5QI/ref=asc_df_B00OTTJ5QI/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=533110626639&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=10973334947626604914&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9002117&hvtargid=pla-1435570664093&psc=1

# data[].attributes.body
1. Driver assistance technologies
https://www.nhtsa.gov/equipment/driver-assistance-technologies

2. Alternative controls for driving
https://drivemastermobility.com/products/hi-tech-driving-controls/

3. Air purifier - for people with respiratory issues
https://www.dyson.com/air-treatment/air-purifiers/purifier-cool-tp07/black-nickel?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_id=sa_71700000109142484_&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=ec_purifiers-range_always-on&utm_content=do_shopping&utm_term=&gclid=Cj0KCQjwoK2mBhDzARIsADGbjeo0z3gAv9gUv52B4y8waLSliRvmnMP-rj1l3Z-RNwW5MvU6G2g0IfkaAuhWEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds

4. Dictation software
https://www.understood.org/en/articles/dictation-speech-to-text-technology

5. Screen reader - This free and open-source screen reader has a synthetic voice that reads whatever the cursor hovers over, and can be used directly from a USB stick, making it ideal for students.
https://www.nvaccess.org/

# data[].attributes.body
1. Smart Pillow
https://sleepgadgets.io/zeeq-smart-pillow/

2. Rescue Time - This software keeps track of how much time you spend on websites and different software applications. It aims to assist in understanding daily habits and assist in planning for more focused work habits.
https://www.rescuetime.com/

3. Smart sleep mask
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1072424044/nuvi-unlease-your-sleep-force

4. AI Home Gym
https://www.oxefit.com/xs1?utm_term=fitness%20equipment&utm_campaign=Search+%7C+Non+Branded&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=8252152741&hsa_cam=15621303731&hsa_grp=134940345327&hsa_ad=570432759049&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-10011351&hsa_kw=fitness%20equipment&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw2qKmBhCfARIsAFy8buIZ2egVtaxaP04BfqdN6Naju7pMfkpUIP8Aig5xNmn-ZBYhOhXkWNcaAo1hEALw_wcB

5. Cronometer - Track your diet, exercise, and health data
https://cronometer.com/

# data[].attributes.body
1. Eye-tracking software
https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/eye-tracking-screen-based/?creative=637256583263&keyword=eye%20tracking%20software&matchtype=p&network=g&device=c&gclid=Cj0KCQjwoK2mBhDzARIsADGbjerl3gC14AzId-ZKoWRAyqVkfbLOhRyzvGzRXayJAm31H3MthYzhw9kaAoAqEALw_wcB

2. Robotic prosthesis
https://news.mit.edu/2021/inflatable-robotic-hand-tactile-0816

3. BRO electric wheelchair
https://www.scewo.com/

4. Robotic feeding device
https://meetobi.com/?utm_term=adaptive%20equipment%20for%20als%20patients&utm_campaign=%28Trial%20Program%29%20Adaptive&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=6889315142&hsa_cam=14486149914&hsa_grp=130257471241&hsa_ad=659046760319&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-385303777812&hsa_kw=adaptive%20equipment%20for%20als%20patients&hsa_mt=p&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gclid=CjwKCAjww7KmBhAyEiwA5-PUSoDZW0ynW76RWQTA1hrX92feElp1XPb6CSpXd_x5-n0NuNnnpPrjPBoC6sAQAvD_BwE

5. Sip and puff systems
https://www.permobil.com/en-us/products/accessories/drive-controls/sip-puff-system

# data[].attributes.body
1. Thync- Thync helps in improving brain functioning through electricity.
https://thync.com/

2. Microsoft To Do app - Microsoft To Do is a task management app to help you stay organised and manage your day-to-day tasks.
https://todo.microsoft.com/tasks/

3. Apple Watch for subtle reminders and HR tracking
https://www.apple.com/shop/buy-watch?afid=p238%7CsNZgeoZeS-dc_mtid_1870765e38482_pcrid_661421631512_pgrid_99322576784_pntwk_g_pchan__pexid__&cid=aos-us-kwgo-watch--slid---product-

4. Headspace
https://www.headspace.com/

5. Breathe2Relax
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/breathe2relax/id425720246

# data[].attributes.body
1. Mobile fall alarms
https://www.agespace.org/personal-alarms-for-the-elderly#mobile-alarms

2. Home Monitoring Systems
https://www.agespace.org/tech/elderly-monitoring-services

3. Smart doorbells
https://www.agespace.org/tech/best-video-doorbells

4. Robot vacuum
https://www.bestproductsreviews.com/best-robot-vacuums?targetid=kwd-896832448&matchtype=e&device=c&campaignid=20404699128&creative=667418874715&adgroupid=151097895799&feeditemid=&loc_physical_ms=9002091&loc_interest_ms=&network=g&devicemodel=&placement=&keyword=$cleaning%20robot&target=&aceid=&adposition=&trackid=us_all_top_1_1&mId=407-132-4411&trackOld=true&gclid=Cj0KCQjw2qKmBhCfARIsAFy8buIbO3nULn-z-PNOckOY6l-V9LFyFjouGwBhr_CQCbH2NuyNSSGWT9waAiXoEALw_wcB

5. Virtual assistant
https://assistant.google.com/

6. Smart cane
https://can.co/

# data[].attributes.body
1. Moxie Robot - teaches emotional and social skills
https://moxierobot.com/products/ai-robot?nbt=nb%3Aadwords%3Ax%3A20303082944%3A%3A&nb_adtype=pla&nb_kwd=&nb_ti=&nb_mi=219573267&nb_pc=online&nb_pi=101300&nb_ppi=&nb_placement=&nb_li_ms=&nb_lp_ms=&nb_fii=&nb_ap=&nb_mt=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_target=&utm_content=&utm_campaign=Performance_Max_ShoppingOnlyTest&utm_term=&utm_campaignid=20303082944&gad=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIo4SlwsO7gAMVCfTjBx0cbA-cEAQYASABEgLx4PD_BwE

2. Kurweil 3000 - offer learners multisensory approaches to read, comprehend, synthesize, apply, and demonstrate their knowledge.
https://www.kurzweiledu.com/products/k3000.html

3. Seeing AI - It reads text aloud as soon as it appears in a smartphone’s camera viewfinder. It also identifies products by barcode when shopping and describes surrounding scenery and its colors. Over time, it learns to recognize the user’s friends and describe their facial expressions.
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/seeing-ai

4. wego - speech-generating devices are ideal solutions for children and adults with communication difficulties.
https://www.talktometechnologies.com/pages/wegofamily

5. Voice Dream Reader
https://www.voicedream.com/

# data[].attributes.body
Occupational Therapy Services in Facilitating Work Participation and Performance. (2017). The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 71(Supplement_2), 7112410040p1–7112410040p13. https://doi-org.baypath.idm.oclc.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716S05

# data[].attributes.body
https://adayinourshoes.com/low-tech-assistive-technology/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Low Tech Assistive Technology

If I say the words "assistive technology," what comes to mind? An iPad with autism apps? Or maybe Stephen Hawking with his thought-activated chair and voice modulator? When we hear the term Assistive Technology (AT), we often imagine kids with disabilities mastering previously challenging assignments with the help of the latest and greatest high-tech gadgetry.

And with that high tech often comes a high price tag, which can be why schools are reluctant to implement AT. But there are plenty of low-tech assistive technology options that can help your child achieve their goals.

In fact, we may be doing our children a disservice by thinking of AT in such narrow terms.

History of Assistive Technology

In 1988, the Assistive Technology Act passed in the United States. According to the Association of Assistive Technology Act Programs, the law was passed to "support State efforts to improve the provision of assistive technology to individuals with disabilities of all ages through comprehensive statewide programs of technology-related assistance."

As defined by the Assistive Technology Act of 1998, AT is "any item, piece of equipment, or product that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities." There have been attempts and developments to support people with disabilities for centuries. The first school for deaf children opened in 1817. New organizations emerged throughout the 1900s to service the disabled.

The 2004 Revision states: "to direct the Secretary of Education to make assistive technology (AT) grants to States to maintain comprehensive statewide programs designed to: (1) maximize the ability of individuals with disabilities, and their family members, guardians, advocates, and authorized representatives, to obtain AT; and (2) increase access to AT."

Technological assistance for people with disabilities varies based on their specific needs. Let's deep dive into some key low and high tech assistive technology examples to understand how each can make a difference.

Low Tech Assistive Technology

Surprisingly, low-tech devices can often make the biggest difference for a student.

According to Georgia Tech, low tech devices for students with disabilities "are devices or equipment that don't require much training, may be less expensive and do not have complex or mechanical features."

Examples include:

walking canes

binder clips that make it easier to turn pages

sensory input items such as fidgets and squishy balls

writing things down instead of speaking

Low tech assistive technology in the classroom includes printing assignments in larger fonts, pencil grips, adapted pencils, and using colored highlighters to better organize information.

Definition of AT

AT is any device, software, or equipment that helps people work around challenges so they can learn, communicate, and function better. A wheelchair is an example of AT. So is software that reads aloud text from a computer. Or a keyboard for someone struggling with handwriting.

These tools can help people work around their challenges, while also playing to their strengths. This is especially important for kids who struggle with learning-whether in reading, writing, math, or another subject. AT can help these kids thrive in school and in life. And that can help grow their confidence and independence.

Yes, that means a highlighter is considered AT. And it might be just what your student needs to help visually organize information.

Choosing appropriate AT solutions-whether high tech or low tech-depends on a number of factors: What is impeding success; how is it getting in the way; and how can a student best compensate are the first questions to consider. Other factors might include level of fatigue, strain, physical limitations, and how long it would take to complete work (e.g., to write a paper) without the use of technology.

Who uses Assistive Technology?

A typical assistive technology user has a disability that requires a compensatory tool for increased independence. The level of the ability or disability of the user can vary. It can range from someone who had a spinal cord injury and can only move their head to a person who has pain when using their mouse due to carpal tunnel syndrome.

Both adults and children can benefit from technology use.

What is the difference between low and high tech?

Low tech does not require a power source. Sometimes this can be the easiest and most practical of solutions in assistive technology. Examples of low tech are a pencil grip for children with grasp issues, a cane to assist with walking, or a reacher to assist an individual with picking up items off the floors.

According to Georgia Tech, low tech devices for students with disabilities "are devices or equipment that don't require much training, may be less expensive and do not have complex or mechanical features."

Examples include walking canes, binder clips that make it easier to turn pages, sensory input items such as fidgets and squishy balls, and writing things down instead of speaking. Low tech assistive technology in the classroom includes printing assignments in larger fonts, pencil grips, adapted pencils, and using colored highlighters to better organize information.

Low-Tech AT Options For Reading

Tachistoscopes (e.g., an index card with a cut-out showing a few words)

Highlighters

Colored overlays

Changes in lighting

Dictionary pens

Audiotapes and CDs

Low-Tech Help For Writing

Slant boards

Pencil grips

Adapted paper (e.g., colored, raised line, and with portions highlighted)

Word banks

Dictionary/thesaurus

Other Low Tech AT Options for Students

Alternative keyboards

Digital recorders

Spelling devices, and even computers with word processing software

Graphic Organizer

Visual Schedules

Adapted Pencil (weighted, fat, skinny, triangular, golf etc.)

Adaptive Paper (graph, special spacing or texture, HWT etc.)

Pencil Grip

adapted eraser

Slant board

post-it's

highlighter

squishy ball or sensory input (fidgets)

tactile ruler

velcro

electrical device

screen magnifier

audiobook

adapted cd player/music player

voice amplification

scooter

gait trainer

wheelchair

braille translation software

switch adapted games or toys

adapted switches

adapted seating (a bouncy ball, chairs with seat belts, wiggly butt cushions)

adapted keyboard

calculator

electronic speller or dictionary

word prediction software

page protector or colored transparency

binder clip (for grip for turning pages)

jumbo anything (text, materials, paper, etc)

manipulatives

Who Can Perform an Assistive Technology Evaluation?

An Assistive Technology evaluation can be performed by an individual that has demonstrated a skill level in the field. A qualified professional will perform a comprehensive evaluation focusing on the individual's goals and needs. After the evaluation is completed, the student will trial technology options and participate in the best selection to meet their goals.

Typically, individuals that are certified are also occupational, physical, speech therapists, or engineers. ATPs can work in various settings including rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, schools, or universities. If the individual is also a licensed therapist, many insurances may cover the evaluation and follow-up treatment sessions. They may also assist with obtaining funding for the needed equipment when appropriate.

Funding Options for AT

Many schools recoil at the thought of purchasing assistive technology for students. Hey, I get it, schools operate on very limited budgets. And there's this weird notion out there that all AT is expensive, and that one student (or parent) is going to see another student's AT device, and want the same for their child.

My advocacy experience has taught me quite the opposite. These are a few commonalities that I've observed over the past decade.

Many specialists (such as Teachers for the Visually Impaired/TVI) are connected with other professionals in their field and often know little secrets to getting AT funded.

AT seems to be a very common grant opportunity, if you're willing to search for them.

Many community charities will often scholarship a piece of AT for a child if it fits with their mission. Or, they may house and recycle/redistribute pieces of AT.

Parents networking with other parents about topics like this can be a great resource of information of how to secure AT for your child.

Many times, the AT device does not cost nearly as much as expected.

If you're willing to do insurance appeals, you may get it funded that way.

I hope this helps. As always, there is much more information on this site about this topic and incorporating it into your IEP.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Low Tech Assistive Technology | Examples | Communication | Ideas | Reading and Writing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If I say the words "assistive technology," what comes to mind? An iPad with autism apps? Or maybe Stephen Hawking with his thought-activated chair and voice modulator? When we hear the term Assistive Technology (AT), we often imagine kids with disabilities mastering previously challenging assignments with the help of the latest and greatest high-tech gadgetry.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.agespace.org/tech/assistive-technology

Fotteler, M. L., Mühlbauer, V., Brefka, S., Mayer, S., Kohn, B., Holl, F., Swoboda, W., Gaugisch, P., Risch, B., Denkinger, M., & Dallmeier, D. (2022). The Effectiveness of Assistive Technologies for Older Adults and the Influence of Frailty: Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. JMIR aging, 5(2), e31916. https://doi-org.baypath.idm.oclc.org/10.2196/31916

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Assistive Technology helps people to live healthy, satisfying and independent lives. There are many devices and systems that are included when we talk about assistive technology - from screen readers to accessible mobile phones, telecare to memory aids.

In this guide we will introduce you to the different types of assistive technology available for the elderly, talk about the benefits and assumptions people might have, and point you in the direction of available funding.

What is Assistive Technology?

Assistive technology is any device, equipment, gadget or gizmo that helps to bridge gaps in a person's ability to live the full, independent and fulfilling life they want to. Assistive technology can help many different people in different ways, but for elderly people the main goal is to reduce reliance on other people and care systems and to help them to stay in their homes for longer.

Benefits of Assistive Devices

Assistive technology can help many people in different ways, whether it be someone living with dementia to remember certain things, a stroke survivor to communicate, a visually impaired person to access the internet, or even just a healthy older person to help secure their home.

Assistive devices that are most likely to help your elderly relative are usually electronic gadgets. Health can be improved with medication reminders, pill dispensers, and telehealth systems. Independence and comfort might be focused on with virtual assistants, visual and communication aids, and memory aids. Assistive technology can also be used for home safety and security - smart smoke alarms and doorbells, automated lighting and water-overflow devices to name a few. We'll give you some more examples below!

The Different Types of Assistive Technology & Devices

There are many examples of assistive devices that you can purchase to help your elderly relative around the house and to stay independent for longer, allowing you to worry less.

Personal Alarms

These small wearable pendants mean that help is only a button press away, 24/7. Working with a central hub that lives next to your parents' landline, personal alarms alert either you, a close chosen contact or a monitoring team and allow you to talk directly to them, work out what is wrong, and get suitable help to them quickly. These are especially useful for if an older person has had a fall and can't get themselves up.

Telecare Systems

Personal Alarms are often included in telecare monitoring systems - digital activity monitoring using sensors throughout the home. Much like sensor burglar or car alarms, telecare monitoring systems only sound the alarm when they detect something out of the ordinary or wrong. If your parent doesn't leave their bed in the morning or hasn't shut the front the door, a 24/7 monitoring team (or you via an app) are alerted and a neighbour might be asked to check up on them.

GPS Trackers

Much like personal alarms, and sometimes embedded in them, GPS trackers are worn on the body and do exactly what you expect them to do. These fobs, and wristbands allow you to know where your parent is if they aren't answering the phone or haven't been home in a while. If you care for someone with dementia, who is prone to wandering, GPS trackers are a great, low-cost solution.

Home Safety and Security

There are lots of small gadgets and gizmos that can help make life a little easier and safer in the home - and most of them are fairly cheap! It may not be the 'smart home of the future' we were all promised but little individual devices can all help do their part to make the home a safer place to be for the elderly and help their carers to worry a little less. Smart doorbells and locks can improve the security of their homes, while also helping you to keep an eye on them and the people that might be visiting them. Smart lighting, specialist smoke and fire alarms, and water overflow sensors do their part to improve the safety of your parents' home - helping them to live independently for longer.

Memory Aids

For many, forgetfulness is part of the natural ageing process and does not necessarily have to be a symptom of dementia. The good news is there are many types of assistive technology designed to help remind your mum or dad to remember their keys, feed the cat, or that they need to take a pill. Memo reminders, automatic pill dispensers and many other devices can all help take some of the stress away from needing to remember everything we need to in daily life.

Communication Aids

There are assistive device solutions to potential communication difficulties an older person may encounter. Accessible mobile phones can help keep older people connected to their friends and loved ones, reducing loneliness and isolation - unfortunately common among the elderly. For those living with a speech impairment, speech generating devices can help give them a voice again.

Visual Aids and Screen Readers

Visual impairment should not stop the elderly making use of some of the wonderous technology we have today, like computers, tablets and smartphones. Assistive technology can help people who can't or struggle to see to navigate these devices. Screen Readers read out what is going on on the screen of computers, smartphones and tablets, helping the visually impaired to move around the device, select next actions, and access the internet. Most devices these days have screen reader options built into the accessibility controls, however there are also some other downloadable options that might work better for you.

The most popular application for Mac computers and iPhones is VoiceOver (built in/ free), and for Windows try JAWS (paid) or NVDA (free).

Funding for Assistive Technology

Some types of assistive technology can be supplied for free by your local authority as part of a care package. The main aim of local councils with social care is to help an elderly person to stay independent, at home, for longer and so assistive technology can be a relatively inexpensive way to aid this, often removing the need for a full time carer.

To have access to funding help from your local council, your elderly relative will have to undergo a care needs assessment, to decide first whether they are applicable for help, secondly what can be done to help, and finally how much of the help the council can provide.

Once they have completed the needs assessment, a social worker can talk through the options they think might help your relative to stay safe and independent, many of which might include assistive technology. These talks are meant to be discussions on what is best for your relative - so if you think that a particular assistive device might help, you can put it forward as an option.

VAT Exemption

If your elderly relative is registered as disabled, or has a long-term health condition, where applicable, they can to claim that the cost of VAT be removed from a range of assistive technology. This can really add up to a substantial saving - so it is always worth checking if a product is available for VAT exemption.

Ethical Considerations with Assistive Technology for the Elderly

There are some reasons to consider that might mean assistive technology might not be suitable for your elderly relative. Some people will be worried or uncomfortable with the idea of digital monitoring and activity surveillance. While most assistive technology, like those using motion sensors, don't actively record activity with video or send information to anyone, some telecare packages and smart doorbells do record and store video - which may be unsettling to some people. While these products have worked hard on maintaining privacy, this is certainly something to consider when looking into assistive tech, especially making sure your relatives are comfortable living with them.

Other questions that are important to ask when it comes to assistive devices are whether they overcomplicate the task they are trying to simplify for you elderly relative, and whether they reduce social contact that your relative enjoys. For example, getting a digital pill dispenser might mean your parent doesn't see a social care worker as often, or installing a telecare package might mean an elderly person needs less welfare visits from friends.

There are lots of variables to consider when choosing assistive technology, but when it is implemented correctly, it can really help to make older people safer and happier.

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A Complete Guide to Assistive Technology for the Elderly

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Assistive Technology helps people to live healthy, satisfying and independent lives. There are many devices and systems that are included when we talk about assistive technology - from screen readers to accessible mobile phones, telecare to memory aids.

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Kamalakannan, S., Chockalingam, M., Sethuraman, L., Moorthy, S. D., & Muthuvel, T. (2021). Occupational Therapy for Reducing Disabilities in Persons with Disabilities in India: A Systematic Review. The Indian journal of occupational therapy, 53(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.baypath.idm.oclc.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_40_21

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English, C., Kasch, M., Silverman, P., & Walker, S. (1982). On the role of the occupational therapist in physical disabilities. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 36(3), 199–202. https://doi-org.baypath.idm.oclc.org/10.5014/ajot.36.3.199

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Dhillon, S. K., Wilkins, S., Law, M. C., Stewart, D. A., & Tremblay, M. (2010). Advocacy in occupational therapy: exploring clinicians' reasons and experiences of advocacy. Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapie, 77(4), 241–248. https://doi-org.baypath.idm.oclc.org/10.2182/cjot.2010.77.4.6

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/assistive-technology

https://www.atia.org/home/at-resources/what-is-at/#who-pays-for-assistive-technology

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OT Potential * Occupational Therapy Resources

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Assistive technology is transforming our society. Thanks to incredible advances, more people are able to participate more fully in their daily lives.
This means:

More people are able to live in the comfort of their own homes.

More students are able to be included in educational programs.

And, the safety and convenience features of assistive tech make life a little easier.

Assistive technology is a big topic, covering many offerings for many people. In this article we are going to break down the types of assistive tech. We'll explain how these technologies are being paid for. And, at the bottom we'll include a directory of occupational therapists who specialize in connecting people with the right technology for them.

Assistive technology definition and related terms:

Assistive technology is an umbrella term covering the systems and services related to the delivery of assistive products and services ( WHO). In traditional definitions these services have been thought of as a device to enhance the daily living for persons with disabilities. Devices of this nature include: wheelchairs, hearing aids, communication aids, and prosthetic limbs.

But, the application of assistive tech has become even broader over the years and now includes items like smart home technology, which has implications for the entire population.

Closely related terms that may fall under the umbrella of assistive technology include:

Adaptive Equipment

Smart Home Technology

Home Modifications

Aging in Place supports

Why assistive technology is important:

Assistive technology is important because it can enable people with disabilities to participate in all aspects of society and lead more independent lives.

These technologies can help people with disabilities to perform daily activities, such as communicating with others, moving around their environment, and accessing information.

Assistive technology can have broader societal benefits, such as:

reducing healthcare costs

increasing productivity

promoting inclusivity

reducing the stigma associated with disability.

The need for assistive tech devices is already massive, and it is set to double.
Globally, more than 1 BILLION people need 1 or more assistive products. 2 billion people will need at least 1 assistive product by 2030.
Unfortunately, even though the need is massive the majority of people do not have access to the assistive products they need. WHO estimates that only 1 in 10 people in need have access to assistive products.

Types of assistive technology (with examples!)

Now that you know what assistive technology is and why it is so important, let's look at types of assistive tech and some specific examples.

(Please note, that there has been a massive proliferation in assistive technology available, so we are speaking in very broad terms here.)

Low-tech assistive technology

Low tech assistive technology refers to simple and inexpensive devices, tools, or strategies that can assist people with disabilities in performing daily activities.

These technologies often do not require electricity or advanced technology and can be easily found or created with commonly available materials. Examples of low tech assistive technology include:

Low tech assistive technology can be particularly beneficial for people who may not have access to more complex or expensive technologies, or for those who only require minimal assistance. These devices can also be helpful for individuals who prefer to use less complex solutions to meet their needs or who may have difficulty learning to use more advanced technologies.

High-tech assistive technology

High tech assistive technology refers to the use of advanced and sophisticated devices, software, and equipment that help individuals with disabilities or impairments to perform everyday tasks and activities. These technologies can include anything from:

High tech assistive technology often involves the use of computer-based systems, which can be customized to meet the specific needs of each individual whether they are physical, sensory or cognitive impairments.

Assistive technology or the visually impaired

Assistive technology for low vision is crucial because when vision gets low enough your standard handheld magnifiers just can't do enough. The tricky part is the stronger the level of magnification on a handheld magnifier the smaller the lens has to be. So at a certain level it becomes more effective to use digital magnification or avoid relying on vision altogether.

Assistive technology enables individuals to maintain as much independence and ability to engage in their desired occupations even if just for pleasure. Here are some examples of assistive technology for low vision:

1. Magnifiers: These low tech devices enlarge text, images, or objects to make them easier to see. They can be handheld or mounted on a stand and come in various magnification levels.

2. Screen readers: These software programs read text on a computer or mobile device out loud to the user. They can also provide audio feedback for other actions on the device, such as clicking on a button.

3. Electronic magnifiers: These are handheld or desktop devices that use cameras and screens to magnify text or objects. They often have features like adjustable contrast and lighting to make the image clearer.

4. Braille displays: These are devices that convert digital text into braille characters that can be read by touch. They can be used with computers or mobile devices and are useful for people who are blind or have severe low vision.

5. Voice-activated assistants: These devices like Amazon Alexa or Google Home can be controlled with voice commands and can perform tasks like playing music, setting reminders, and providing information.

6. Talking watches and clocks: These devices announce the time audibly, making it easier for people with low vision to keep track of time.

7. Color identification devices: These devices can identify and announce the colors of objects, which can be useful for people with color blindness or difficulty distinguishing between colors.

Assistive technology for the hearing impaired

Assistive technology is essential for people with hearing impairments as it can help to mitigate the challenges they face in communicating with others, accessing information, and participating fully in various activities. Some of the examples of assistive technology for those with hearing impairments include:

1. Hearing aids: Hearing aids are small electronic devices that amplify sound, making it easier for people with hearing impairments to hear.

2. Cochlear implants: Cochlear implants are surgically implanted devices that can provide sound sensation to people with severe hearing impairments.

3. Visual doorbells: Hearing the doorbell is really important especially for healthcare if home health is involved. Adding a visual doorbell that flashes while ringing loudly can help make sure important visitors don't get missed.

4. Closed-captioning software: Closed-captioning software can provide text captions of spoken dialogue on televisions, videos, and other media.

5. Speech-to-text tools: Speech-to-text tools can transcribe spoken words into written text, allowing people with hearing impairments to read what others are saying. And it can be as simple as using built in features like the microphone button on a keyboard on a cell phone!

6. Vibrating alarms: While one might get a great night's sleep by taking out hearing aids it also means they likely won't hear the alarm clock, phone or smoke detector. Vibrating alarm systems like these can ensure important alerts are received in a tactile way!

Assistive technology for aging in place

Assistive technology for aging in place, like the other topic areas can be broadly classified into low-tech and high-tech options. And because aging in place is a broad category these are just a few examples to get your brain going.

Low-tech options:

1. Intentional lighting: Create a reading "homebase" where the lighting is optimal for doing the hardest vision tasks like reading the newspaper. Use daylight bulbs with at least 5000K on the color temperature and direct the light at the reading material.

2. Mobility related devices: Tools like raised toilet seats, shower chairs, walkers, and bed rails are all devices that are low tech and help with aging in place.

3. Home modification: Things like offset hinges, grab bars, lever handles and pull down shelves need to be installed but are low tech and can make living at home more functional

High-tech options

1. Smart home technology: Using a hub like Google Home or Amazon Alexa Show and integrating smart plugs, light bulbs, thermostats, video doorbells and door locks can make it so that even someone with the most limited mobility can operate a majority of things right from their cell phone.

2. Medication management: We know it is really key to be taking medications correctly to avoid hospitalization and there are a lot of ways to manage medications including pill boxes and pre-packed pouches. But you can add some tech and get even more functionality by using this automatic pill dispenser or even Spenser by Custom Health which talks, can log vital signs and even connect the person with their provider for a telehealth visit!

3. Personal emergency response systems (PERS): PERS are wearable or stationary devices that can automatically call for help in the event of a fall or other emergency. This could be something affordable with a low monthly fee or something you pay for once like an Apple Watch which has the technology built in!

4. Remote monitoring systems: Remote monitoring systems use sensors to track the person's activity levels, detect potential health issues, and alert caregivers or family members if there are any concerns and can even do it without cameras, providing a little bit more privacy for older adults.

Funding for assistive technology

Many times, assistive technology ends up being paid for out of pocket (which explains the numbers above about the massive disconnect between need and access.) But, there are also several avenues for funding. The Assistive Technology Industry Association does a great job of laying out the basic funding options:

School systems

Government programs

Private health insurance

Rehabilitation and job training programs

Employers

For our purposes in this article, we are going to focus on state assistive technology programs, as these can be great resources to understand the options in your area.

A state assistive technology program is a government-sponsored initiative that provides access to assistive technology devices and services for individuals with disabilities within a particular state. These programs are designed to improve the quality of life and independence of people with disabilities by offering a range of assistive technologies that can help them overcome barriers to education, employment, and daily living.

State assistive technology programs vary in scope and services offered, but they generally provide information, referrals, assessments, training, and funding assistance to help individuals with disabilities obtain the assistive technology they need. Some programs may also provide loan programs for assistive technology, refurbishing and recycling services, and advocacy and public awareness activities.

These programs are typically funded by federal grants and state appropriations, and they work closely with community-based organizations, disability advocates, and other stakeholders to ensure that individuals with disabilities have access to the most appropriate and effective assistive technology solutions. State assistive technology programs are available in every state and territory in the United States, and they can be a valuable resource for individuals with disabilities and their families.

Here are the links you need to find assistive technology programs within the United States:
Territories
Guam | Northern Mariana Islands | Puerto Rico | U.S. Virgin Islands

Assistive tech programs around the world:

Malta: Access to Communication & Technology Unit

Occupational therapy professionals: Your AT experts

As you can tell from this article there is a lot that goes into identifying the right assistive tech for you, getting funded, and then actually adopting it into your daily life. Occupational therapists are experts at leveraging assistive technology to help you participate in daily life to the fullest.
Here is a directory of OTs around the world who specialize specifically in assistive tech:
About the author

Brandy Archie, OTD, OTR/L, CLIPP, CLVT, received her doctorate in occupational therapy from Creighton University. She is certified in both Living in Place and Low Vision Therapy. Dr. Archie has over 15 years of experience in home health and elder focused practice settings which led her to start AskSAMIE, a curated marketplace to make aging in place possible for anyone, anywhere! Answer some questions about the problems the person is having and then a personalized cart of adaptive equipment and resources is provided. She is also the founder of AccessAble Living, a company whose mission is also to adapt environments to fit the needs of older adults and serves clients in person in the Kansas City area.

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Assistive Technology: Examples, Funding, and OTs * OT Potential

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Thanks to advances in assistive technology, more people are able to participate more fully in their daily lives.

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Reitz, S. M., Scaffa, M. E., Commission on Practice, & Dorsey, J. (2020). Occupational Therapy in the Promotion of Health and Well-Being. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 74(3), 7403420010p1–7403420010p14. https://doi-org.baypath.idm.oclc.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.743003