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Definition: The process in which immigrant school children were taught the English language as well as culture. The purpose was assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture.

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Definition: Reform movement that occured in the early 1900s as a response to the problems created from industrialization. The goal was to strengthen the role of government in ensuring human welfare.

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Definition: An organized association of workers, often in trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

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Definition: Allows Congress to charge an income tax without regards to the state.

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Definition: Allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators.

Historical Context:

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Definition: When a company controls and owns all stages within the business on which it depends on its operation

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Definition: Prohibited the sale of alcohol, also known as Prohibition.

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Definition: When a company takes over or buys out a competitor in an effort to gain market shares. Can lead to creating a monopoly.

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Definition: Dark and crowded multi-family apartments.

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Definition: When the government does not interfere with business - "hands off"

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Definition: A businessmen who uses ruthless business tactics.

Historical Context: Robber Barons bribed the government, underpays his workers, wanted all the money to themselves, and they also didn't want to pay taxes. They supported the laissez faire agreement which meant that the government can't take their money away from them.

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Definition: Granted women the right to vote.

Historical Context: They had to fight very hard for women to get any rights but when the 19th amendment was passed by congress, women were able to have their right to vote.

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Definition: A preference for native-born people and the desire to limit immigration.

Historical Context: The natives didn't want more immigrants to come to America because it takes away more of their natural resources and land.

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Definition: In 1912 President William Taft created the Children's Bureau to "investigate and report upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people."

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Definition: 1870 to 1920, religious reformers strove to improve conditions in the cities according to the biblical ideals of charity and justice. Created the YMCA.

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Definition: Charitable service provided such as housing, daycare, education, and healthcare to improve the lives of the urban poor.

Historical Context: The settlement house was very helpful for all the workers because back then they treated workers very unfairly and paid them poorly. This provided a temporary home until they were able to get back on their feet.

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Definition: Political group designed to keep power. They are known to essentially provide services to immigrant in exchange for votes.

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Definition: This concept of "survival of the fittest" was applied to human society as occurring naturally.

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Definition: In 1890 this was the first measure passed by the United States Congress to prohibit trusts; it was named for Senator John Sherman.

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Definition: Political Party that emerged to increase the political power of farmers and to work for legislation for farmers' interests.