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O'ahu has six Moku To cut and divide; a cutting, division:

The third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, often known as "The Gathering Place," has the most inhabitants (905,000). O'ahu is home to Honolulu, the state of Hawaii's largest city, the state capital, and the primary deep-water marine port.
O'ahu is an island that was formed by the eruption of two different volcanoes, Wai'anae and Ko'olau. It is 44 miles long, 30 miles wide, and has a land area of 596.7 square miles as well as 227 miles of shoreline. Fahrenheit ranges from 75 to 85 degrees on average. Waikiki, Pearl Harbor, Diamond Head, I'olani Palace, Pali Lookout, Hanauma Bay, North Shore, and Sandy Beach are just a few of O'ahu's well-known locations. Over 5 million people visit O'ahu each year as a tourist and shopping destination because of its rich traditions and distinctive fusion of cultures.

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Nā Ahupuaʻa o KonaPlace names marked with an asterisk (*) represent ʻili divisions within ahupuaʻa Waikīkī----Kuliʻouʻou*----Niu*----Wailupe*----Waiʻalae Iki*----Waiʻalae Nui*----Pālolo*----Mānoa*----Kewalo*Honolulu----Pauoa*----Nuʻuanu*Kapālama Kalihi Kahauiki Moanalua

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Kapālama, a place with rich history and significance, encompasses various natural and cultural elements. As with many Hawaiian place names, Kapālama's origins can be traced back to descriptive attributes, historical figures, or mythical tales. The book "Place Names of Hawaii" by Mary Kawena Pukui, Samuel Ebert, and Esther Mo'okini serves as the primary source for understanding the meanings behind these names. Mo'olelo (stories), mele (chants), and 'ōlelo (proverbs) often intertwine with these place names.

The Kapālama Ahupua'a stretches from the coast to the head of Kapālama Gulch, approximately 4 kilometers inland. Unlike other leeward ahupua'a on O'ahu, Kapālama does not extend all the way to the Ko'olau Mountains, as it is bordered by Kalihi Ahupua'a on the west and Nu'uanu Ahupua'a on the east.

The highest peak in Kapālama is Nāpu'umai'a, also known as Pāka'aluna, situated at 1870 feet above mean sea level in the western section of Nu'uanu's Waolani Valley. Waolani, which means "heavenly mountain area," also refers to a peak on the ridge that separates Kapālama from Nu'uanu's Waolani Valley. The boundary with Nu'uanu extends along the western edge of 'Ālewa Heights and descends to the coast, passing through the rocky area known as Kalaepōhaku ("the stone promontory"). The exact lower eastern boundary of Kapālama is uncertain due to the development of Honolulu town, but on one early map, it extends as far as Nu'uanu Stream and includes the 'ili (smaller land divisions) of Kūwili and Iwilei, as well as the ponds Kūwili I and Kawa.

Keanakamanō, meaning "the cave of the shark," is both the name of a peak and a narrow valley on the western side of Kapālama. There is mention of a cave called Keanakamanō, but its precise location remains unknown. The western boundary of Kapālama, at the level coastal flats, runs from the mouth of Keanakamanō Valley along a low cliff separating Kapālama from the 'ili of Mokauea in Kalihi. This boundary is aligned with Waiakamilo Street and Houghtailing Street. The coastal boundary point is the eastern edge of Ananoho Pond in Kalihi.

Two streams, Kapālama and Niuhelewai ("coconut going [in] water"), converge and flow through the central fertile fields, also known as Niuhelewai. These fields drain into a pond called Kūwili II. There were two other named ponds, Kealia and Kapukui, situated east of Kūwili II. These ponds are depicted as part of Kapālama or Iwilei, depending on the map. The offshore waters were divided into the Iwilei, Kūwili, Kapālama, and Mokauea Fisheries, extending from the shore to the Koholaloa Reef. Several islands, including Mokauea Island off Kalihi and Koholaloa off Kapālama, were visible above this reef during low tide. Over time, the reef area was dredged, and the material was used to connect and expand small islands, ultimately forming Quarantine Island and Sand Island. The transformation of these names is further discussed in the section on "Changes in Honolulu Harbor."

Historical records suggest the existence of four ceremonial structures in Kapālama. Puea, a shrine, and three heiau (temples) named Pāka'aluna, Oomaunahele, and Paepaenuileimoku. While Pāka'aluna Heiau might have been located on or near Pāka'aluna Peak, the precise locations of the other three features are unknown, as are their meanings.

Kapalma:
name of a well-known place nearby (the enclosure was constructed of lama-wood)
reserved solely for the unions of the highest-ranking chiefs.
higher ranked children, perhaps of ni'aupio rank or position, as a result.

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The Name of the rain at the   Ahupua'a of Kapalama 

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The Name of the rain at the   Ahupua'a of Kapalama 

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Kapalama also gets its rain from three areas Kalihi, Nu'uanu, and Honolulu.
Kapalama:
Pōpōkapa
Kalihi:

"Ka ua koʻi-lipilipi o Kalihi."
There exists a tale called "Ka Ua Poʻolipilipi-o-Kalihi" that recounts the rain which sharpened heads. In ancient times, there were two lovers who sought seclusion in the forest to indulge in their love away from the prying eyes of the girl's parents. While they were there, a gentle rain began to fall, but they paid it no mind. Time passed, and they decided to check if the rain had ceased, only to find it still pouring down. They returned to their slumber. The rain persisted, falling continuously for several days and nights while the two lovers slept on. When they finally awoke, they discovered that their heads had become sharpened and flattened due to their extended sleep under the unrelenting rain. Henceforth, the rain in Kalihi came to be known as "the rain that sharpens the head at Kalihi," or "Ka ua Poʻolipilipi-o-Kalihi" (as cited by Poepoe in Sterling's account).
Haupe'epe'e
Nu'uanu: Makalaukoa, Puahiohio,and Malailua
Honolulu:
Ka ua Kukalahale o Honolulu.
The Kukalahale rain for Honolulu.
The rain that announces itself to the homes by the pattering it makes on the roofs as it falls. Often mentioned in songs.
‘Olelo No‘eau #1575

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The Name of the clouds at the   Ahupua'a of Kapalama and Makawao

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The Name of the clouds at the   Ahupua'a of Kapalama and Makawao

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Hawaiians have several unique names for different types of clouds and sky situations. Many of these names are highly descriptive and some are region-specific, demonstrating the names' close ties to the natural world and its physical surroundings.
Ao puaʻa - Cumulus clouds of varying sizes were grouped together, resembling a mother pig with her babies close by. Ao puaa, a sign of excellent weather and no imminent storms is well-known along the Kona coast.
Ao pehupehu - cumulus that keeps expanding, typical of the summer. These clouds gather moisture while drifting with the trade winds, become darker at the base, and then ultimately release rain on the windward mountain cliffs.
hoʻomalumalu - protecting cloud
hoʻoweliweli - dangerous cloud
ānuenue - rainbow, a favorable omen

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The Name of the wind at the   Ahupua'a of Kapalama 

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The Name of the wind at the   Ahupua'a of Kapalama 

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Kapalama : 'Olanui- coconut-leaf piercing

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Niuhelewai – Fish Ponds at Honolulu, O‘ahu published by John Murray, sketched by Robert Dampier, 1825, 1836. 22 loko iʻa (fishponds) were recorded in Niuhelewai and Kapālama in the mid-nineteenth century. Kamehameha was responsible for many of these loko iʻa. Photo courtesy of the Hawaiʻi State Archives.

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In 1938, with financial assistance from the Federal Public Works Administration, the City and County of Honolulu built the Kapālama drainage canal in the ahupuaʻa of Kapālama. The canal was designed to control flooding, and freed up the adjacent land for development. The canal was built along the course of what was then Niuhelewai Stream, from the Honolulu Harbor to just makai of Houghtailing Street.

The photographs seen here document the building of the canal, including the original stream prior to construction, the construction of the canal itself, and Pālama neighborhood properties in the vicinity of the canal that were affected by the construction. Noteworthy are the construction and dredging equipment used, the original Dole Cannery with pineapple-shaped water tower, and the neighborhood shops lining North King Street. Also note how in some instances properties were split right down the middle in order to accomodate the new canal.

Photos have been retained in the order in which the originals were found, which is essentially chronological with a few deviations, documenting first the survey of the lands affected, then the construction process, and finally the completed canal.

Note that in some cases, information was written on the original photos that was not immediately intellgible with respect to the context of the photo. In this case, the information has been retained in the description, enclosed in quotation marks. Additionally, some photos include parcel numbers for specific plots, and although no associated parcel map could be found, these numbers have been retained in the descriptions.

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Honolulu Dept. Planning & Permitting TOD

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Kapalama Canal Catalytic Project: Master Plan Improvements - DEIS 2020 -Transit-Oriented Development

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Maui had twelve Moku, or districts, by the early 1600s. The chief, an island, or a division thereof controlled a moku, which served as the fundamental land-holding unit. Hamakuaola, Hamakuapoko, Hana, Honua'ula, Ka'anapali, Kahikinui, Kaupo, Kipahulu, Ko'olau, Kula, Lahaina, and Wailuku were among them. Also recognized as Moku of Maui were the islands of Lana'i, Moloka'i, and Kaho'olawe.

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Three Ahupuaa Hamakuapoko,Haliimaile and Makawao

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298 E hu‘e mai ‘oe i ke koai‘e o Makawao! Try uprooting the koai‘e tree of Makawao! I defy you to tackle a lad of Makawao! A boast from a native of Makawao, Maui.
1705 Keiki holoholo kuāua o Makawao. The lad of Makawao who goes about in the rain. Said of a native of that place who is not afraid of being wet.
2355 O ‘Alelele ke kawa kaulana o Makawao. ‘Alelele, the famous diving pool of Makawao. Refers to Makawao, Maui.
2389 O Ikiiki ke kāne, o Ho‘opaupauaho ka wahine, hānau ke keiki, he keiki huhū koke. Ikiiki is the husband, Ho‘opaupauaho (Causeshortness-of-breath) is the wife; a child born to them is short of temper. Said of a child born in the month of Ikiiki.

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‘Ūkiu : Name of a chilly north wind associated with Maka-wao, Maui; to blow, of this wind.

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1602 Ka ua ‘Ūkiu o Makawao. The ‘Ūkiu rain of Makawao. Refers to Makawao, Maui.
meaning chilly Northrain

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1602 Ka ua ‘Ūkiu o Makawao. The ‘Ūkiu rain of Makawao. Refers to Makawao, Maui.
meaning chilly Northrain

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Forest: Koa, sandalwood, and  ʻōhiʻa lehua trees grew here, as did maile and ferns.
Sweet potato was extensively farmed in Makawao's drier parts.

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The landscape began its transformation following the gift of (and subsequent kapu on killing) cattle and sheep from Vancouver to Kamehameha in 1793.
Then, on June 21, 1803, Captain William Shaler (with commercial officer Richard Cleveland,) gave Kamehameha a mare and a stallion at Lāhainā.   Soon the horses, like the cattle, were roaming freely across the Islands.

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KALANI HEIAU.
Pu`ukohola-Heiau
Keaiwa Heiau
Kaapahu Heiau

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The privatization of Hawaiian lands and the expanding sugar plantation sector led to the subsequent development of the Makawao region in the middle of the 19th century. Due to these changes, there were more western residents, missionaries, and businesses in the region. Eventually, a village developed, made up of a number of shops, initially inhabited by Hawaiians and Chinese, then by Portuguese and Japanese. Paniolo (cowboys) were introduced to the area with the start of ranching.

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The community had a distinctive architectural style around the turn of the 20th century. To give the structures an appearance of solidity and beauty and to adorn the main street, the buildings were created in the distinctive Hawaiian Plantation style with false fronts. This method, which is recognizable for American old-west communities, lends Makawao a western feel.

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Due to the development of modern roadways and the availability of employment in Wailuku and Kahului, Makawao had become a deserted area by the middle of the 20th century.

This changed in the 1970s when rural living had a renaissance and inhabitants started to return. New economic opportunities arose as a result of the population growth, which ultimately made Makawao a popular tourist destination.

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Makawao in 2015 how the town keeps unchanged rural look over the years